- R504 "Kolyma"
- R257 "Yenisei"
- M10 "Rossiya"
- M9 "Baltiya"



Russian federal highways (Russian: автомобильные дороги федерального значения Российской Федерации, romanized: avtomobil’nyye dorogi federal’nogo znacheniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii; lit. highways of federal importance of the Russian Federation) are the most important highways in Russia that are federal property. The following motorways are designated as federal.
The federal highways are classified in Russia into two categories:
The local importance roads in Russia are designated with a letter prefix and a number as well as the OKATO (Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления, Russian classification on objects of administrative division) code for the region.
These roads use the following prefixes:

Some roads depicted here are in disputed territories outwith the Russian Federation
| Highway | Route | Length | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moscow - Belarusian border | 440 km (270 mi) | ||
| Moscow - Tula - Orel - Kursk - Belgorod - Ukrainian border | 720 km (450 mi) | ||
| Moscow - Kaluga - Bryansk - Ukrainian border | 490 km (300 mi) | ||
| Moscow - Voronezh - Rostov-on-Don - Krasnodar - Novorossiysk | 1,513 km (940 mi) | One of three fully-fledged nationwide motorways in Russia alongside M11 and M12 (all three are toll roads) | |
| Moscow - Ryazan’ - Penza - Samara - Ufa - Chelyabinsk | 1,819 km (1,130 mi) | ||
| Moscow - Vladimir - Nizhny Novgorod - Kazan | 1,342 km (834 mi) | Originally continued to Ufa; this is planned to become portions of M12, R240 and R243 | |
| Moscow - Yaroslavl - Vologda - Arkangelsk | 1,271 km (790 mi) | ||
| Moscow - Volokolamsk - Latvian border | 610 km (380 mi) | ||
| Moscow - Tver’ - Velikiy Novgorod - Saint Petersburg | 872 km (542 mi) | Originally continued to Finnish border, but this was redesignated A181 in 2018 | |
| Moscow – Saint Petersburg | 684 km (425 mi) | One of three fully-fledged nationwide motorways in Russia alongside M4 and M12 (all three are toll roads) | |
| Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod - Kazan - Yekaterinburg - Tyumen | 811 km (504 mi) (currently in operation), ~1,600 km (990 mi) (proposed) | As of 2024, the 811 km (504 mi) stretch of M12 between Moscow and Kazan has been completed and put to operation; the rest of the motorway is under construction | |
| Saint Petersburg - Petrozavodsk - Murmansk - Pechenga - Norwegian border | 2,038 km (1,266 mi) | Former M18 | |
| Highway M4 - Tambov - Volgograd - Astrakhan | 1,779 km (1,105 mi) | Former M6 | |
| Saint Petersburg - Pskov - Pustoshka - Nevel - Belarusian border | 544 km (338 mi) | Former M20 | |
| Veliky Novgorod - Soltsy - Porkhov - Pskov | 223 km (139 mi) | Former A116 | |
| Kaluga - Peremyshl’ - Belev - Orel | 181 km (112 mi) | ||
| Orel - Livny - Elets - Lipetsk - Tambov | 390 km (240 mi) | ||
| Orel - Bryansk - Smolensk - Belarusian border | 510 km (320 mi) | Former A141 | |
| Yaroslavl - Kostroma - Ivanovo - Vladimir - Gus-Khrustalny - Ryazan - Mikhailov - Tula - Kaluga - Vyazma - Rzhev - Tver - Uglich - Yaroslavl | 1,558 km (968 mi) | Bypass for M3; Russia's longest ring road | |
| Nizhny Novgorod - Saransk - Issa - Penza - Saratov | |||
| Cheboksary - Yoshkar-Ola - Kirov - Syktyvkar | Former A119 | ||
| R177 | Nizhny Novgorod - Yoshkar-Ola | ||
| R178 | Saransk - Surskoye - Ulyanovsk | Continues to Samara as 73R-178 and 36P-170 | |
| R193 | Voronezh - Tambov | ||
| R207 | Penza - Balashov - Mikhailovka to route R260 | ||
| R208 | Tambov - Penza | ||
| Astrakhan - Kochubey - Kizlyar - Makhachkala | |||
| R216 | Astrakhan - Elista - Stavropol | Former A154 | |
| Route M4 "Don" - Vladikavkaz - Grozny - Makhachkala - Azerbaijani border | Former M29 | ||
| R228 | Syzran - Saratov - Volgograd | ||
| R229 | Samara - Pugachev - Engels - Volgograd | ||
| Kazan - Orenburg - Akbulak - Kazakh border | |||
| Ufa - Orenburg | |||
| R241 | Kazan - Buinsk - Ulyanovsk | ||
| R243 | Kostroma - Sharya - Kirov - Perm | ||
| Chelyabinsk - Kurgan - Omsk - Novosibirsk | Former M51 | ||
| Novosibirsk - Kemerovo - Krasnoyarsk - Irkutsk | Former M53 | ||
| Novosibirsk - Barnaul - Gorno-Altaysk - Mongolian border | Former M52 | ||
| Krasnoyarsk - Abakan - Kyzyl - Chadan - Khandagayty - Mongolian border | Former M54 | ||
| Irkutsk - Ulan-Ude - Chita | Former M55 | ||
| Volgograd - Kamensk-Shakhtinsky - Luhansk | Former M21 and A260; runs through occupied Ukraine | ||
| R280 | Rostov-on-Don - Mariupol - Melitopol - Simferopol | Runs through occupied Ukraine | |
| Chita - Never - Svobodnyy - Arkhara - Birobidzhan - Khabarovsk | Former M58 | ||
| Kursk - Voronezh to route R22 | Former A144 | ||
| Yekaterinburg - Shadrinsk - Kurgan | |||
| Tyumen - Yalutorovsk - Ishim - Omsk | |||
| Tyumen - Tobol’sk - Khanty-Mansiysk | |||
| Yakutsk - Magadan | Former M56 "Kolyma" | ||
| Moscow - Shchëlkovo to route A107 | |||
| Moscow - Dmitrov - Dubna | |||
| access road from Domodedovo Airport | Former portion of route M4 | ||
| Moscow-Zvenigorod | Former A105 | ||
| Iksha - Noginsk - Bronnitsy - Golitsyno - Istra - Iksha | |||
| Dmitrov - Sergiev Posad - Orekhovo-Zuevo – Voskresensk - Mikhnevo - Balabanovo - Ruza - Klin - Dmitrov | |||
| Krasnogorsk - Petrovo-Dalnee; connection to route A106 and entrance to state dacha No. 7 (in Petrovo-Dalnee) | |||
| access road from highway A108 to the "Semonovskoye" facility | |||
| access road from route M10 to the state complex "Zavidovo" | |||
| Chepelëvo - Velyaminovo | |||
| Circular roadway in Moscow Oblast and Moscow | |||
| Vologda - Tikhvin to highway R21 | |||
| Beltway around Saint Petersburg | |||
| Vologda - Medvezhyegorsk to highway R21 | Former R5 | ||
| Kirovsk - Mga - Gatchina - Bol’shaya Izhora | |||
| Saint Petersburg - Sortavala to route R21 | Former A129 | ||
| Route A114 – Ustyuzhna - Kresttsy - Yazhelbitsy - Velikiye Luki - Nevel | One portion former M10 | ||
| Chekshino - Totma - Kotlas - Kuratovo | |||
| Moscow - Maloyaroslavets - Roslavl - Belarusian border | Former A101 | ||
| access road from highway M1 to Smolensk | |||
| access road from highway M4 to Lipetsk | |||
| access road from route M4 to Voronezh | |||
| access road from route M4 to Rostov-on-Don | |||
| access road from route M4 to Krasnodar | |||
| A137 | Route R21 - Tiksha - Ledmozero - Kostomuksha - Finnish border | ||
| Trosna - Kalinovka | |||
| Krasnodar - Verkhnebakansky | |||
| Dzhubga - Sochi - Abkhaz/Georgian border | Former M27 | ||
| Route A147 to the Sochi bypass | |||
| Adler - Krasnaya Polyana | Former A148 | ||
| Tsivilsk - Ulyanovsk | |||
| Urvan - Verkhnyaya Balkariya - Ushtulu | Former R291 | ||
| Cherkessk - Dombay - Abkhaz/Georgian border | |||
| Access roads from A155 to international holiday resort "Arkhyz" and the specialized Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences | Former portion of A155 | ||
| Mineralnye Vody Airport - Kislovodsk | |||
| Prokhladnyy - Baksan - Elbrus | One section former R289 | ||
| access road from Maikop to the Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve | Former R254 | ||
| Maikop - Bzhedugkhabl - Adygeysk - Ust-Labinsk - Korenovsk | Former R253 | ||
| Vladikavkaz - Nizhniy Lars - Georgian border | Former R301 | ||
| Vladikavkaz - Alagir | Former R297 | ||
| access road from highway R217 to Vladikavkaz Airport | |||
| Kardzhin - Alagir - Nizhniy Zaramag - South Ossetian/Georgian border | Former R297 and R298 | ||
| Lermontov - Cherkessk | Former A156 | ||
| Kochubey - Neftekumsk - Zelenokumsk - Mineralnye Vody | Former R263 and R285 | ||
| Saint Petersburg - Estonian border | Former M11 | ||
| Saint Petersburg - Vyborg - Finnish border | Former portion of M10 | ||
| Pskov - Izborsk - Estonian border | |||
| A215 | Lodeynoe Pole - Vytegra - Prokshino - Plesetsk - Brin-Navolok | Former R37 | |
| Gvardeisk - Neman - Lithuanian border | |||
| A217 | Kaliningrad - Svetlogorsk | Primorsk Half Ring Road | |
| Kaliningrad - Chernyakhovsk - Nesterov - Lithuanian border | |||
| Bryansk - Novozybkov - Belarusian border | Former M13 | ||
| A258 | Highway M4 - Kantermirovka - Luhansk | ||
| Route M4 - Novoshakhtinsk - LPR/Ukrainian border | Former M19 | ||
| A289 | Krasnodar - Slavyansk-on-Kuban - Temryuk to route A290 | Former 03K-579 | |
| Novorossiysk - Kerch, entrances to Port Kavkaz and Anapa Airport | Former M25; runs through occupied Ukraine | ||
| Kerch - Simferopol - Sevastopol | Former 35P-001, 35P-003 and 35N-113; runs through occupied Ukraine | ||
| Yoshkar-Ola - Zelenodolsk to route M7 | Former R175 | ||
| Route R208 - Saratov - Pristannoe - Ershov - Ozinki - Kazakh border | |||
| Samara - Bolshaya Chernigovka - Kazakh border | Former M32 | ||
| Orenburg - Ilek - Kazakh border | Former R335 | ||
| Chelyabinsk - Troitsk - Kazakh border | Former M36 | ||
| Omsk - Cherlak - Kazakh border | Former M38 | ||
| A321 | Barnaul - Pavlovsk - Kazakh border | ||
| Barnaul - Rubtsovsk - Kazakh border | Former A349 | ||
| Tulun - Bratsk - Ust’-Kut - Mirnyy - Yakutsk | Former R419 | ||
| Kultuk - Mondy - Mongolian border | Former A164 | ||
| Ulan-Ude - Kyakhta - Mongolian border | Former A165 | ||
| Chita - Zabaykalsk - Chinese border | Former A166 | ||
| Never - Yakutsk | Former M56 "Lena" | ||
| Route A360 - Chinese border | |||
| Khabarovsk - Vladivostok | Former M60 | ||
| A371 | Vladivostok - Ostrov | ||
| Khabarovsk - Krasnyy Yar - Ariadnoe - Chuguevka - Nakhodka | |||
| A376 | Khabarovsk - Lidoga - Vanino - Komsomolsk-on-Amur | Former 08A-1 | |
| access road from Anadyr to Anadyr Airport (Ugolny) | |||
| Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Korsakov | Former R488 | ||
| Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Kholmsk | Former R495 | ||
| A393 | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Okha | Former R495 | |
| access road from the Port of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy to Elisovo Airport | |||
Cyrillic Р is used on signs.
Access roads to ports, airports and railroad stations from cities Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Anadyr, Dudinka, Naryan-Mar, Salekhard, Khanty-Mansiysk and from the urban-type settlements of Palana and Tura.