Russian federal highways

Russian federal highways
  M Motorway
  A Highway
  R Road (P in cyrillic)
  A Highway, under reconstruction
Typical Russian highway sign (M8)
R258

Russian federal highways (Russian: автомобильные дороги федерального значения Российской Федерации, romanized: avtomobil’nyye dorogi federal’nogo znacheniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii; lit. highways of federal importance of the Russian Federation) are the most important highways in Russia that are federal property. The following motorways are designated as federal.

The federal highways are classified in Russia into two categories:

Roads of regional and intermunicipal importance

The local importance roads in Russia are designated with a letter prefix and a number as well as the OKATO (Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления, Russian classification on objects of administrative division) code for the region.

These roads use the following prefixes:

Network map

Interactive map of highways of Russia

Some roads depicted here are in disputed territories outwith the Russian Federation

Federal highways

Highway Route Length Notes
M1 Moscow - Belarusian border 440 km (270 mi)
M2 Moscow - Tula - Orel - Kursk - Belgorod - Ukrainian border 720 km (450 mi)
M3 Moscow - Kaluga - Bryansk - Ukrainian border 490 km (300 mi)
M4 Moscow - Voronezh - Rostov-on-Don - Krasnodar - Novorossiysk 1,513 km (940 mi) One of three fully-fledged nationwide motorways in Russia alongside M11 and M12 (all three are toll roads)
M5 Moscow - Ryazan’ - Penza - Samara - Ufa - Chelyabinsk 1,819 km (1,130 mi)
M7 Moscow - Vladimir - Nizhny Novgorod - Kazan 1,342 km (834 mi) Originally continued to Ufa; this is planned to become portions of M12, R240 and R243
M8 Moscow - Yaroslavl - Vologda - Arkangelsk 1,271 km (790 mi)
M9 Moscow - Volokolamsk - Latvian border 610 km (380 mi)
M10 Moscow - Tver’ - Velikiy Novgorod - Saint Petersburg 872 km (542 mi) Originally continued to Finnish border, but this was redesignated A181 in 2018
M11 Moscow – Saint Petersburg 684 km (425 mi) One of three fully-fledged nationwide motorways in Russia alongside M4 and M12 (all three are toll roads)
M12 Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod - Kazan - Yekaterinburg - Tyumen 811 km (504 mi) (currently in operation), ~1,600 km (990 mi) (proposed) As of 2024, the 811 km (504 mi) stretch of M12 between Moscow and Kazan has been completed and put to operation; the rest of the motorway is under construction
R21 Saint Petersburg - Petrozavodsk - Murmansk - Pechenga - Norwegian border 2,038 km (1,266 mi) Former M18
R22 Highway M4 - Tambov - Volgograd - Astrakhan 1,779 km (1,105 mi) Former M6
R23 Saint Petersburg - Pskov - Pustoshka - Nevel - Belarusian border 544 km (338 mi) Former M20
R56 Veliky Novgorod - Soltsy - Porkhov - Pskov 223 km (139 mi) Former A116
R92 Kaluga - Peremyshl’ - Belev - Orel 181 km (112 mi)
R119 Orel - Livny - Elets - Lipetsk - Tambov 390 km (240 mi)
R120 Orel - Bryansk - Smolensk - Belarusian border 510 km (320 mi) Former A141
R132 Yaroslavl - Kostroma - Ivanovo - Vladimir - Gus-Khrustalny - Ryazan - Mikhailov - Tula - Kaluga - Vyazma - Rzhev - Tver - Uglich - Yaroslavl 1,558 km (968 mi) Bypass for M3; Russia's longest ring road
R158 Nizhny Novgorod - Saransk - Issa - Penza - Saratov
R176 Cheboksary - Yoshkar-Ola - Kirov - Syktyvkar Former A119
R177 Nizhny Novgorod - Yoshkar-Ola
R178 Saransk - Surskoye - Ulyanovsk Continues to Samara as 73R-178 and 36P-170
R193 Voronezh - Tambov
R207 Penza - Balashov - Mikhailovka to route R260
R208 Tambov - Penza
R215 Astrakhan - Kochubey - Kizlyar - Makhachkala
R216 Astrakhan - Elista - Stavropol Former A154
R217 Route M4 "Don" - Vladikavkaz - Grozny - Makhachkala - Azerbaijani border Former M29
R228 Syzran - Saratov - Volgograd
R229 Samara - Pugachev - Engels - Volgograd
R239 Kazan - Orenburg - Akbulak - Kazakh border
Ufa - Orenburg
R241 Kazan - Buinsk - Ulyanovsk
R243 Kostroma - Sharya - Kirov - Perm
R254 Chelyabinsk - Kurgan - Omsk - Novosibirsk Former M51
R255 Novosibirsk - Kemerovo - Krasnoyarsk - Irkutsk Former M53
R256 Novosibirsk - Barnaul - Gorno-Altaysk - Mongolian border Former M52
R257 Krasnoyarsk - Abakan - Kyzyl - Chadan - Khandagayty - Mongolian border Former M54
R258 Irkutsk - Ulan-Ude - Chita Former M55
R260 Volgograd - Kamensk-Shakhtinsky - Luhansk Former M21 and A260; runs through occupied Ukraine
R280 Rostov-on-Don - Mariupol - Melitopol - Simferopol Runs through occupied Ukraine
R297 Chita - Never - Svobodnyy - Arkhara - Birobidzhan - Khabarovsk Former M58
R298 Kursk - Voronezh to route R22 Former A144
R354 Yekaterinburg - Shadrinsk - Kurgan
R402 Tyumen - Yalutorovsk - Ishim - Omsk
R404 Tyumen - Tobol’sk - Khanty-Mansiysk
R504 Yakutsk - Magadan Former M56 "Kolyma"
A103 Moscow - Shchëlkovo to route A107
A104 Moscow - Dmitrov - Dubna
A105 access road from Domodedovo Airport Former portion of route M4
A106 Moscow-Zvenigorod Former A105
A107 Iksha - Noginsk - Bronnitsy - Golitsyno - Istra - Iksha
A108 Dmitrov - Sergiev Posad - Orekhovo-Zuevo – Voskresensk - Mikhnevo - Balabanovo - Ruza - Klin - Dmitrov
A109 Krasnogorsk - Petrovo-Dalnee; connection to route A106 and entrance to state dacha No. 7 (in Petrovo-Dalnee)
A110 access road from highway A108 to the "Semonovskoye" facility
A111 access road from route M10 to the state complex "Zavidovo"
A112 Chepelëvo - Velyaminovo
A113 Circular roadway in Moscow Oblast and Moscow
A114 Vologda - Tikhvin to highway R21
A118 Beltway around Saint Petersburg
A119 Vologda - Medvezhyegorsk to highway R21 Former R5
A120 Kirovsk - Mga - Gatchina - Bol’shaya Izhora
A121 Saint Petersburg - Sortavala to route R21 Former A129
A122 Route A114 – Ustyuzhna - Kresttsy - Yazhelbitsy - Velikiye Luki - Nevel One portion former M10
A123 Chekshino - Totma - Kotlas - Kuratovo
A130 Moscow - Maloyaroslavets - Roslavl - Belarusian border Former A101
A132 access road from highway M1 to Smolensk
A133 access road from highway M4 to Lipetsk
A134 access road from route M4 to Voronezh
A135 access road from route M4 to Rostov-on-Don
A136 access road from route M4 to Krasnodar
A137 Route R21 - Tiksha - Ledmozero - Kostomuksha - Finnish border
A142 Trosna - Kalinovka
A146 Krasnodar - Verkhnebakansky
A147 Dzhubga - Sochi - Abkhaz/Georgian border Former M27
A148 Route A147 to the Sochi bypass
A149 Adler - Krasnaya Polyana Former A148
A151 Tsivilsk - Ulyanovsk
A154 Urvan - Verkhnyaya Balkariya - Ushtulu Former R291
A155 Cherkessk - Dombay - Abkhaz/Georgian border
A156 Access roads from A155 to international holiday resort "Arkhyz" and the specialized Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences Former portion of A155
A157 Mineralnye Vody Airport - Kislovodsk
A158 Prokhladnyy - Baksan - Elbrus One section former R289
A159 access road from Maikop to the Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve Former R254
A160 Maikop - Bzhedugkhabl - Adygeysk - Ust-Labinsk - Korenovsk Former R253
A161 Vladikavkaz - Nizhniy Lars - Georgian border Former R301
A162 Vladikavkaz - Alagir Former R297
A163 access road from highway R217 to Vladikavkaz Airport
A164 Kardzhin - Alagir - Nizhniy Zaramag - South Ossetian/Georgian border Former R297 and R298
A165 Lermontov - Cherkessk Former A156
A167 Kochubey - Neftekumsk - Zelenokumsk - Mineralnye Vody Former R263 and R285
A180 Saint Petersburg - Estonian border Former M11
A181 Saint Petersburg - Vyborg - Finnish border Former portion of M10
A212 Pskov - Izborsk - Estonian border
A215 Lodeynoe Pole - Vytegra - Prokshino - Plesetsk - Brin-Navolok Former R37
A216 Gvardeisk - Neman - Lithuanian border
A217 Kaliningrad - Svetlogorsk Primorsk Half Ring Road
A229 Kaliningrad - Chernyakhovsk - Nesterov - Lithuanian border
A240 Bryansk - Novozybkov - Belarusian border Former M13
A258 Highway M4 - Kantermirovka - Luhansk
A270 Route M4 - Novoshakhtinsk - LPR/Ukrainian border Former M19
A289 Krasnodar - Slavyansk-on-Kuban - Temryuk to route A290 Former 03K-579
A290 Novorossiysk - Kerch, entrances to Port Kavkaz and Anapa Airport Former M25; runs through occupied Ukraine
A291 Kerch - Simferopol - Sevastopol Former 35P-001, 35P-003 and 35N-113; runs through occupied Ukraine
A295 Yoshkar-Ola - Zelenodolsk to route M7 Former R175
A298 Route R208 - Saratov - Pristannoe - Ershov - Ozinki - Kazakh border
A300 Samara - Bolshaya Chernigovka - Kazakh border Former M32
A305 Orenburg - Ilek - Kazakh border Former R335
A310 Chelyabinsk - Troitsk - Kazakh border Former M36
A320 Omsk - Cherlak - Kazakh border Former M38
A321 Barnaul - Pavlovsk - Kazakh border
A322 Barnaul - Rubtsovsk - Kazakh border Former A349
A331 Tulun - Bratsk - Ust’-Kut - Mirnyy - Yakutsk Former R419
A333 Kultuk - Mondy - Mongolian border Former A164
A340 Ulan-Ude - Kyakhta - Mongolian border Former A165
A350 Chita - Zabaykalsk - Chinese border Former A166
A360 Never - Yakutsk Former M56 "Lena"
A361 Route A360 - Chinese border
A370 Khabarovsk - Vladivostok Former M60
A371 Vladivostok - Ostrov
A375 Khabarovsk - Krasnyy Yar - Ariadnoe - Chuguevka - Nakhodka
A376 Khabarovsk - Lidoga - Vanino - Komsomolsk-on-Amur Former 08A-1
A384 access road from Anadyr to Anadyr Airport (Ugolny)
A391 Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Korsakov Former R488
A392 Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Kholmsk Former R495
A393 Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Okha Former R495
A401 access road from the Port of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy to Elisovo Airport

Former routes

Regional routes

Cyrillic Р is used on signs.

Access roads to ports, airports and railroad stations from cities Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Anadyr, Dudinka, Naryan-Mar, Salekhard, Khanty-Mansiysk and from the urban-type settlements of Palana and Tura.

Recent additions

References

  1. ↑ A February 7, 2007 order of the Russian Ministry of Transportation about highway ID numbers (Приказ Министерства транспорта Российской Федерации (Минтранс России) от 7 февраля 2007 г. N 16 г. Москва "Об утверждении Правил присвоения автомобильным дорогам идентификационных номеров") (in Russian)
  2. ↑ A Russian decree of December 24 1991 about the list of federal highways (RSFSR), with subsequent amendments by the Russian Federation (Постановление Правительства РСФСР от 24 декабря 1991 г. N 62 "Об утверждении перечней федеральных дорог в РСФСР" (in Russian)
  3. ↑ "Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 8, 2008 N 920 Moscow "On Amending the Decree of the Government of the RSFSR of December 24, 1991 N 62"". Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 24 December 2008.