SMIM20

SMIM20
Identifiers
Aliases	SMIM20, C4orf52, small integral membrane protein 20, MITRAC7, PNX
External IDs	OMIM: 617465; MGI: 1913528; GeneCards: SMIM20
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (human)
End	25,929,813 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (mouse)
End	53,435,882 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	mucosa of ileum; ; deltoid muscle; ; muscle of leg; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; tibialis anterior muscle; ; Achilles tendon; ; muscle of thigh; ; quadriceps femoris muscle; ; vastus lateralis muscle; ; biceps brachii;
	Top expressed in
	right kidney; ; muscle of thigh; ; soleus muscle; ; otolith organ; ; knee joint; ; utricle; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; masseter muscle; ; quadriceps femoris muscle; ; proximal tubule;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding;
Cellular component	membrane; integral component of membrane; mitochondrion; mitochondrial inner membrane;
Biological process	mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Databases	NCBI: entry; OMA: entry
	389203
	66278
	ENSG00000250317
	ENSMUSG00000061461
	Q8N5G0
	D3Z7Q2
	NM_001145432; NM_001394130
	NM_001145433
	NP_001138904
	NP_001138905
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Small integral membrane protein 20 (SMIM20) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMIM20 gene. SMIM20 acts as a prohormone to the peptide hormone phoenixin (PNX) which was discovered for the first time in 2013 in rodent sensory ganglia. Two alternate cleavage sites within SMIM20 results in two different phoenixin products, Phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) and Phoenixin-20 (PNX-20).

In the study of the evolution of nervous systems, SMIM20 together with NUCB2 have been found to have deep homology across all lineages that preceded creatures with central nervous systems, bilaterians, cnidarians, ctenophores, and sponges as well as in choanoflagellates.

Receptor signaling

Recent studies have found that GPR173, a previously orphaned GPCR, may act as a receptor for PNX-14 and PNX-20.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000250317 – Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000061461 – Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Entrez Gene: Small integral membrane protein 20". Retrieved 2014-02-05.
↑ Yosten GL, Lyu RM, Hsueh AJ, Avsian-Kretchmer O, Chang JK, Tullock CW, et al. (February 2013). "A novel reproductive peptide, phoenixin". Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 25 (2): 206–215. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02381.x. PMC 3556183. PMID 22963497.
↑ Mcilwraith EK, Belsham DD (May 2018). "Phoenixin: uncovering its receptor, signaling and functions". Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 39 (5): 774–778. doi:10.1038/aps.2018.13. ISSN 1745-7254. PMC 5943909. PMID 29671415.
↑ Yañez-Guerra LA, Thiel D, Jékely G (April 2022). O'Connell M (ed.). "Premetazoan Origin of Neuropeptide Signaling". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 39 (4) msac051. doi:10.1093/molbev/msac051. PMC 9004410. PMID 35277960.
↑ Callier V (3 June 2022). "Brain-Signal Proteins Evolved Before Animals Did". Quanta Magazine. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
↑ Mcilwraith EK, Belsham DD (May 2018). "Phoenixin: uncovering its receptor, signaling and functions". Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 39 (5): 774–778. doi:10.1038/aps.2018.13. ISSN 1745-7254. PMC 5943909. PMID 29671415.
↑ Treen AK, Luo V, Belsham DD (2016-08-01). "Phoenixin Activates Immortalized GnRH and Kisspeptin Neurons Through the Novel Receptor GPR173". Molecular Endocrinology. 30 (8). Baltimore, Md.: 872–888. doi:10.1210/me.2016-1039. ISSN 0888-8809. PMC 5414621. PMID 27268078.
↑ Stein LM, Tullock CW, Mathews SK, Garcia-Galiano D, Elias CF, Samson WK, et al. (September 2016). "Hypothalamic action of phoenixin to control reproductive hormone secretion in females: importance of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor Gpr173". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 311 (3): R489–R496. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00191.2016. ISSN 0363-6119. PMC 5142227. PMID 27440717.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 4 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000250317 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000061461 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: Small integral membrane protein 20". Retrieved 2014-02-05.

[Yosten_2013-6] Yosten GL, Lyu RM, Hsueh AJ, Avsian-Kretchmer O, Chang JK, Tullock CW, et al. (February 2013). "A novel reproductive peptide, phoenixin". Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 25 (2): 206–215. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02381.x. PMC 3556183. PMID 22963497.

[7] Mcilwraith EK, Belsham DD (May 2018). "Phoenixin: uncovering its receptor, signaling and functions". Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 39 (5): 774–778. doi:10.1038/aps.2018.13. ISSN 1745-7254. PMC 5943909. PMID 29671415.

[8] Yañez-Guerra LA, Thiel D, Jékely G (April 2022). O'Connell M (ed.). "Premetazoan Origin of Neuropeptide Signaling". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 39 (4) msac051. doi:10.1093/molbev/msac051. PMC 9004410. PMID 35277960.

[9] Callier V (3 June 2022). "Brain-Signal Proteins Evolved Before Animals Did". Quanta Magazine. Retrieved 2022-06-03.

[10] Mcilwraith EK, Belsham DD (May 2018). "Phoenixin: uncovering its receptor, signaling and functions". Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 39 (5): 774–778. doi:10.1038/aps.2018.13. ISSN 1745-7254. PMC 5943909. PMID 29671415.

[11] Treen AK, Luo V, Belsham DD (2016-08-01). "Phoenixin Activates Immortalized GnRH and Kisspeptin Neurons Through the Novel Receptor GPR173". Molecular Endocrinology. 30 (8). Baltimore, Md.: 872–888. doi:10.1210/me.2016-1039. ISSN 0888-8809. PMC 5414621. PMID 27268078.

[12] Stein LM, Tullock CW, Mathews SK, Garcia-Galiano D, Elias CF, Samson WK, et al. (September 2016). "Hypothalamic action of phoenixin to control reproductive hormone secretion in females: importance of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor Gpr173". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 311 (3): R489–R496. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00191.2016. ISSN 0363-6119. PMC 5142227. PMID 27440717.

SMIM20

Receptor signaling

See also

References