Sarpol-e Zahab

Sarpol-e Zahab
Persian: سرپل ذهاب
City
Serpêlî Zehaw
Sarpol-e Zahab is located in Iran
Sarpol-e Zahab
Sarpol-e Zahab
Location within Iran
Coordinates: 34°27′32″N 45°51′41″E / 34.45889°N 45.86139°E / 34.45889; 45.86139
CountryIran
ProvinceKermanshah
CountySarpol-e Zahab
DistrictCentral
Population
 (2016)
 • Total
45,481
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)

Sarpol-e Zahab (Persian: سرپل ذهاب) is a city in the Central District of Sarpol-e Zahab County, Kermanshah province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. The town is close to Qasr-e Shirin and the Iraqi border.

History

Sarpol-e Zahab was used as a missile base for ground-to-ground missiles during the Iran-Iraq War.

Climate

Climate data for Sarpol Zahab (WMO ID: 40765, elevation: 545 m (1,788 ft)) (1986-2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 25.6
(78.1)		 27.0
(80.6)		 31.0
(87.8)		 36.7
(98.1)		 42.4
(108.3)		 45.6
(114.1)		 48.0
(118.4)		 49.0
(120.2)		 46.8
(116.2)		 42.2
(108.0)		 36.0
(96.8)		 30.8
(87.4)		 49.0
(120.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 13.6
(56.5)		 15.4
(59.7)		 19.6
(67.3)		 25.4
(77.7)		 32.8
(91.0)		 39.1
(102.4)		 42.2
(108.0)		 41.9
(107.4)		 37.5
(99.5)		 31.1
(88.0)		 21.9
(71.4)		 15.9
(60.6)		 28.0
(82.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 8.2
(46.8)		 9.5
(49.1)		 12.9
(55.2)		 17.9
(64.2)		 23.8
(74.8)		 29.1
(84.4)		 32.3
(90.1)		 31.7
(89.1)		 27.5
(81.5)		 22.5
(72.5)		 15.0
(59.0)		 10.2
(50.4)		 20.0
(68.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.8
(37.0)		 3.2
(37.8)		 6.0
(42.8)		 10.2
(50.4)		 14.4
(57.9)		 18.7
(65.7)		 22.2
(72.0)		 21.1
(70.0)		 17.2
(63.0)		 13.7
(56.7)		 8.0
(46.4)		 4.5
(40.1)		 11.8
(53.3)
Record low °C (°F) −8.0
(17.6)		 −10.0
(14.0)		 −8.6
(16.5)		 −2.0
(28.4)		 5.0
(41.0)		 9.6
(49.3)		 14.4
(57.9)		 16.0
(60.8)		 11.0
(51.8)		 4.0
(39.2)		 −5.0
(23.0)		 −5.0
(23.0)		 −10.0
(14.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 77.8
(3.06)		 59.8
(2.35)		 80.8
(3.18)		 52.0
(2.05)		 14.9
(0.59)		 0.3
(0.01)		 0.2
(0.01)		 0.1
(0.00)		 0.6
(0.02)		 20.7
(0.81)		 51.6
(2.03)		 77.3
(3.04)		 436.1
(17.15)
Average rainy days 9.3 10.3 8.8 9.1 6.4 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.6 6.7 8.8 62.5
Average relative humidity (%) 66.8 66.1 61.4 59.1 48.9 30 26.2 26.9 29.8 36.5 54.2 64.6 47.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 171.3 175.1 193.7 226.6 259.0 345.9 361.1 342.7 326.5 277.4 209.6 171.5 3,060.4
Source 1: Iran Meteorological Organization(daily minimum 1986-2005), (precipitation)
Source 2: Kermanshah Meteorological Office (rainy days, humidity, records for Apr 1988-Mar 2022, sun 1991-2021)

Demographics

Language and ethnicity

The town is populated by Kurds.

Sarpol-e Zahab linguistic composition
language percent
Southern Kurdish
 
 65%
Central Kurdish
 
 30%
Gorani
 
 5%

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 34,632 in 8,210 households. The following census in 2011 counted 35,809 people in 9,447 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 45,481 people in 12,850 households.

Reliefs

The area of Sar-e Pol-e Zahab has several more or less well preserved reliefs of the Lullubi kingdom, as well as a Parthian relief.

Lullubian reliefs

The most famous of these reliefs is the Anubanini rock relief. Another relief named Sar-e Pol-e Zohab I is about 200 meters away, in a style similar to the Anubanini relief, but this time with a beardless ruler. The attribution to a specific ruler remains uncertain. There are also other Lullubian relief in the same area of Sar-e Pol-e Zahab.

Parthian relief

Another relief is located below the Anubanini relief, lower on the cliff. This relief was created during the Parthian Empire in the name of Gotarzes, possibly Gotarzes I, but more probably the Parthian king Gotarzes II, who ruled from 39 to 51 CE and is known to have made other reliefs, such as the equestrian relief at Behistun.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Also romanized as Sar-e Pol-e Z̄ahāb, Sarpol-e Z̄ahāb, Sarpole Zahab; Sarpole-Zahâb; Sarpolezahāb; also known as Pol-e Z̄ahāb, Pol-e Z̄ohāb, Sar-ī-Pūl Zūhāb, Sarī-Pūl, Sarpol; and Serpêlî Zehaw (Kurdish: سەرپێڵی زەهاو)

Further reading

References

  1. ↑ OpenStreetMap contributors (13 December 2024). "Sarpol-e Zahab, Sarpol-e Zahab County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 13 December 2024.
  2. 1 2 Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Kermanshah Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ↑ Sarpol-e Zahab at GEOnet Names Server
  4. ↑ Habibi, Hassan (19 November 2013) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Bakhtran province, centered in the city of Bakhtran. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Letter 93808/907; Notification 82832/T122K. Archived from the original on 6 February 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2024 – via Research Center of the System of Laws of the Islamic Council of Farabi Mobile Library.
  5. ↑ خسروزاده, علیرضا; نظری, سامر. "سرپل ذهاب پیشنهادی برای جاینام حلوان بر اساس مطالعه ی مدارک نوشتاری". نشریه پژوهش های باستان شناسی ایران. 6 (11): 107–116.
  6. ↑ Fisk, Robert (2006) [2005]. The Great War for Civilisation (2nd ed.). London: Harper Perennial. p. 281. ISBN 9781841150086.
  7. ↑ "Form 5: AVERAGE OF MEAN DAILY TEMPERATURE IN C. STATION: Sar Pol Zahab (40765)". Chaharmahalmet. IRIMO. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2026.
  8. ↑ "Form 2: AVERAGE OF MINIMUM TEMPERATURE IN C. STATION: SAR POL ZOHAB (40765)". Chaharmahalmet. IRIMO. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2026.
  9. ↑ "Form 3: AVERAGE OF MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE IN C. STATION: SAR POL ZOHAB (40765)". Chaharmahalmet. IRIMO. Archived from the original on 7 September 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2026.
  10. ↑ "Form 25: MONTHLY TOTAL OF PRECIPITATION IN MM. STATION: SAR POL ZOHAB (40765)". Chaharmahalmet. IRIMO. Archived from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2026.
  11. ↑ "Data and Statistics of the provicne". kermanshahmet (in Persian). Applied Meteorological Research Center. Retrieved 30 September 2026.
  12. ↑ "Language distribution: Kermanshah Province". Iran Atlas. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  13. ↑ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Kermanshah Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  14. ↑ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Kermanshah Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Osborne, James F. (2014). Approaching Monumentality in Archaeology. SUNY Press. pp. 123–124. ISBN 9781438453255.
  16. ↑ Vanden Berghe, Louis. Relief Sculptures de Iran Ancien. pp. 19-21.
  17. ↑ Vanden Berghe, Louis. Relief Sculptures de Iran Ancien. p. 45.
  18. ↑ Deuren, Greet van (2017). Iran (in Dutch). Gottmer Uitgevers Groep b.v. ISBN 9789025763961.