Sham

Sham may refer to:

Arabic use

Al-Sham or Shām (شام), the Arabic term for the Greater Syria region
- Bilad al-Sham, the Caliphate province of the same region
- Jund al-Sham, militant group based in Afghanistan, meaning "Army of Syria"
Sham el-Nessim, Egyptian holiday marking the beginning of spring
Sham, or Alsham, the Arabic name for the star Alpha Sagittae

Fraud
- Sham drug as a quack remedy
- Sham election, another name for a show election
- Sham marriage, a marriage entered into with intent to deceive
- Sham peer review, a fraudulent or malicious form of peer review
Hoax
Placebo, any drug, surgery, or other treatment with intentional (and usually blinded) lack of efficacy
- Sham drug as a placebo used in a single- or double-blinded control group of experiments (see treatment and control groups)
- Sham surgery, surgery omitting the therapeutic component, performed in the single-blinded control group of experiments
Name of a person or group of people:
- Sam the Sham (born 1937), stage name of U.S. rock singer Domingo “Sam” Samudio
- Sham, nickname of Art Shamsky (born 1941), American Major League Baseball outfielder and Israel Baseball League manager
- Sham 69, English punk band
Title of a work of art
- Sham (1921 film), a lost 1921 silent film based on a Broadway play starring Ethel Clayton
- Sham (2025 film)
- Sham (play), a 1920 one-act stage play by Frank G. Tompkins
Other uses
- Sham, a name for the cover of a pillow
- SHAM, salicylhydroxamic acid, a drug that works against urinary tract infections

Sham (name), list of people with the name
Sham (horse), American Thoroughbred horse born in 1970 who won multiple graded stakes races
- Sham Stakes, a race named for the horse
Sham, Iran
Sham, a character in the X-Men 2099 comic book series
Sham Pain, a single by American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch from And Justice For None
Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SHAM), a climate pattern