Ship Characteristics Board

Project SCB 1 result: the USS Norfolk (CLK-1/DL-1)

The Ship Characteristics Board was a unit of the United States Navy.

The purpose of the Ship Characteristics Board was to coordinate the creation of 'ship characteristics' that are essential to the design of naval combatants and auxiliaries. Coordination was required because the operators and the designers of ships had different interests, perceptions, concepts, and constraints: as summarized by the naval historian Norman Friedman, "How to achieve the best possible compromise among competing bureaus has been one of the great dilemmas of 20th-century U.S. naval administration."

This list of SCB projects is a useful exposition of the U.S. Navy's shipbuilding priorities in the first half of the Cold War.

History

The Ship Characteristics Board was founded in 1945 under the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations / OpNav. It was created after the body previously responsible for coordinating ships characteristics, the General Board, had been seen as ineffective in a series of earlier Navy bureau mis-coordinations. The SCB would adjudicate between operational requirements set by the ship operators (the fleets and other operational forces) and the technological and fiscal constraints imposed on the ship designers (the Bureau of Ships / BuShips and the Bureau of Ordnance / BuOrd).

The SCB had nowhere near the same stature as its predecessor [the General Board], since in effect it was separated from the policy- and strategy-planning process. It was far more concerned with the details of design, and included representatives of all the bureaus, who had equal votes. Participants in SCB meetings recall cases in which the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery cast the decisive vote on weapons systems choices. From the surviving records it is not entirely clear who within OpNav worked up the lists of projects on which the SCB worked, at least at first. For a time that was both very important, given the poverty of the [post-World War Two] shipbuilding program and the lack of any integrated U.S. concept of future warfare.

The SCB assigned numbers to its projects beginning in 1946. Not all projects would result in the construction of ships: some projects would remain conceptual only, or would be superseded by later projects.

In 1966 the successors to BuShips and BuOrd (NAVSHIPS and NAVORD) were moved to report to OpNav. The SCB role as an adjudicator became less relevant. During the development of the Oliver Hazard Perry class frigates it was renamed the Ship Acquisition and Improvement Board (SAIB). In the 1980s it was revived as the Ship Characteristics Improvement Board (SCIB), but without its former authority.

USS Thresher loss

Thresher, the first result of project SCB 188, at sea on 24 July 1961

A decision by the SCB likely contributed to the 1963 loss of the nuclear submarine Thresher. The SCB had ordered BuShips to study increasing the test depth for future submarines from 700 to 1,600 feet, and this increase was approved after November 1956. Thresher's components were too far along in design to accommodate this change, but it was decided that they could be modified to enable a test depth of 1,300 feet. The irony is that the SCB's motives for this change were to enhance safety: not only to support greater combat survivability, but also out of a concern that the increased speed of nuclear submarines could cause them to inadvertently exceed the more shallow test depths while maneuvering.

List of SCB projects

Review of the following lists of SCB projects will show:

All ship hull classification symbols shown (CLK, SS, DL, CVA, DE, etc.) are the symbols in use at the conception of the project, rather than when construction started. Explanations of these symbols are usually to be found in the linked articles on each ship or class.

Sequential numbering of SCB projects

SCB projects began in numeric sequence in 1946, and were originally listed in descending priority (the Norfolk hunter-killer cruiser/destroyer leader having top priority, the Tang submarines as second priority, etc.), but such prioritization was eventually dropped. Several of the early projects actually began in 1945 - for example, the Mitscher-class destroyer (which in 1946 was assigned the project number SCB 5) was the ship design that on paper out-performed the projected CL-154 class light cruiser design and led to that cruiser's cancellation in September 1945.

SCB # Start date Description Notes
SCB 1 1946 Norfolk CLK
SCB 2 1946 Tang class SS
SCB 2A Grayback SS original design (see SCB 161)
SCB 3 1946 Closed cycle engine SSX concept
SCB 4 1946 CVA concept, merged into SCB 6 by Jun 1946
SCB 5 1946 Mitscher class DL
SCB 6 1946 Strategic CVA (aircraft carrier) concept
SCB 6A United States class CVA, cancelled 23 Apr 1949
SCB 7 1946 30 kt DE concept
SCB 7A Fletcher class DD ASW mobilization concept
SCB 8 1946 CVE ASW concept, became SCB 43
SCB 9 1946 15 kt LST concept
SCB 9A Terrebonne Parish-class tank landing ship
SCB 10 1946 AKA Arctic conversion concept
SCB 11 1946 CLI Cruiser-icebreaker Arctic picket concept
SCB 11A Glacier AGB
SCB 12 1946 MIGRAINE II SSR conversions: Burrfish, Requin, Spinax and Tigrone
SCB 12A MIGRAINE III SSR conversions: Pompon, Rasher, Raton, Ray, Redfin, and Rock
SCB 13 1946 Northampton CLC
SCB 14 1946 Paul Revere class APA
SCB 14E APA conversion of SS Monterey and SS Mariposa
SCB 15 1946 Tulare class AKA
SCB 16 1946 Fast AGC concept
SCB 17 1946 Fast LSD concept
SCB 18 1946 LSM Underwater Object Locator conversion concept
SCB 19 1946 (Dec 1945) Kentucky BB anti-air concept
SCB 20 1946 Steel hulled PT concept
SCB 21 1946 Radiological salvage vessel concept, later ATR rescue tug concept
SCB 22 1946 Fast AOR concept, led to commissioning of ex-war prize Conecuh as a test
SCB 22A YAG conversion concept
SCB 23 1946 Fast AK concept
SCB 24 1946 Midget SS concept
SCB 25 1946 LCU 1466
SCB 25A LCU 1608
SCB 26 1946 Hawaii CB aircraft carrier conversion concept
SCB 26A 1948 Hawaii CB missile conversion concept
SCB 27 1946 Oriskany CVA jet aircraft conversion
SCB 27A Essex class CVA modification: 8 ships
SCB 27B Essex class CVA partial conversion, canceled
SCB 27C Essex class CVA modification: 6 ships
SCB 28 1946 Tunny SSG conversion
SCB 29 1946 LSD Arctic conversions: Gunston Hall and Lindenwald
SCB 30 1946 ASSP conversions: Perch and Sealion
SCB 31 1946 Barbero ASSA conversion
SCB 32 1946 Fast LST concept
SCB 33 1946 SSG (guided missile submarine) concept
SCB 34 1946 SSV F2Y seaplane carrier submarine concept
SCB 35 Dec 1946 Barracuda class SSK
SCB 36 1948 New LCS(L) concept, merged into SCB 37
SCB 37 1948 Carronade LSM(R)
SCB 38 Colorado BB radio control target conversion concept
SCB 39 Guavina SSO conversion
SCB 40 SSE (submarine ammunition carrier) concept
SCB 41 CVL ASW conversion, became SCB 54
SCB 42 LSD to AV conversion concept
SCB 43 CVE ASW concepts, cancelled Apr 1954
SCB 44 Aviation stores issue ship (AVS) concept
SCB 45 AMS concept
SCB 45A Agile class MSO and Acme class MSO
SCB 45B Ability class MSO
SCB 46 DER conversions: 6 ships
SCB 46A DER conversions: Vandivier and Wagner
SCB 46B DER conversions: 28 ships
SCB 47 GUPPY II SS conversions
SCB 47A GUPPY IA SS conversions
SCB 47B Fleet snorkel SS conversions
SCB 47C GUPPY IIA SS conversions
SCB 48 Boston class CAG Terrier missile conversions
SCB 49 Altair class AKS conversion
SCB 50 AOR conversion concept
SCB 51 DE or PCE concept, became SCB 72
SCB 52 Submersible barge concept for launching V-2 rockets
SCB 53 DDE conversion
SCB 54 CVL ASW conversion
SCB 56 1949 Albacore AGSS Phase I
SCB 57 Denebola-class AF conversion: 4 ships
SCB 58 1949 Grouper SSK conversion
SCB 59 Cylindrical Countermeasures (XMAP) minesweeping device
SCB 60 LVT modernization
SCB 60A LVT(A)5 modernization
SCB 60B LVT(3) modernization
SCB 61 Yard and district craft characteristics
SCB 61A YR characteristics
SCB 61B YON characteristics
SCB 61C YFN characteristics
SCB 61D YRB characteristics, became SCB 61N
SCB 61E YC characteristics
SCB 61F YFB characteristics
SCB 61G YCF characteristics
SCB 61H YOGN characteristics
SCB 61J YRBM characteristics
SCB 61K YDT characteristics
SCB 61L YFR characteristics
SCB 61M YNG characteristics
SCB 61N YRB characteristics
SCB 61P YTN characteristics
SCB 61Q YOG characteristics for JP-5
SCB 61R YTM characteristics with cycloidal propulsion
SCB 62 Minesweeping boat (MSB)
SCB 63 Tweedy DE ASW upgrade
SCB 63A Lewis DE ASW upgrade
SCB 64 Mar 1950 Nautilus SSN
SCB 64A Mar 1950 Seawolf SSN
SCB 65 X-1 midget SS
SCB 66 SSM (submarine minelayer) conversion concept, cancelled 1 Oct 1952
SCB 67 1950 Closed cycle engine SSX concept
SCB 67A Closed cycle engine SSX concept, cancelled 26 Oct 1953
SCB 68 Apr 1950 Mackerel class SST
SCB 69 Adjutant class MSC
SCB 69A MSC concept
SCB 70 AD mobilization conversion concept
SCB 71 AP mobilization conversion from SS United States concept
SCB 72 Oct 1950 Dealey class DE
SCB 73 ACMU conversions
SCB 74 Various anti-air upgrades (e.g. Bofors 40 mm guns replaced with 3"/50 caliber guns)
SCB 74A Fletcher class DD anti-air upgrades: 40 ships
SCB 74B Light Cruisers anti-air upgrades
SCB 74C Heavy Cruisers anti-air upgrades
SCB 74D Juneau anti-air upgrade
SCB 74E Iowa class BB anti-air upgrade concept
SCB 75 Nov 1950 Thomaston class LSD
SCB 76 Mobilization DD experiment concept
SCB 77 Jul 1951 New AKA concept
SCB 77A Nov 1952 New AKA with ro-ro capability concept
SCB 78 Paul Revere APA
SCB 78A Francis Marion APA
SCB 79 DDR (destroyer radar picket) conversions
SCB 80 Forrestal class CVA
SCB 81 Technical stores issue ship (AKST) concept
SCB 82 Neosho class AO
SCB 83 Hawaii CBC conversion concept
SCB 84 Sailfish class SSR
SCB 85 Feb 1951 Forrest Sherman class DD
SCB 85A Forrest Sherman class (Hull sub-class) DD
SCB 86 AK reactivation: Altair, Antares, Alcor and Betelgeuse
SCB 87 AVP concept
SCB 88 Gearing class DD completion concept
SCB 89 May 1951 180-foot PC concept
SCB 90 May 1951 290-foot PCE concept
SCB 91 DM concept
SCB 92 AGC concept
SCB 93 AKA concept, canceled 4 Jan 1952
SCB 94 Nov 1951 LCM(6)
SCB 95 LCM(8)
SCB 96 LCVP
SCB 97 Rigel class AF
SCB 98 ATR concept
SCB 99 AE mobilization concept
SCB 100 AF mobilization concept
SCB 101 AR mobilization concept
SCB 102 AVS mobilization concept
SCB 103 ARH mobilization concept
SCB 104 AK mobilization concept
SCB 105 AK mobilization concept
SCB 106 AKS mobilization concept
SCB 107 AD mobilization concept
SCB 108 AKST mobilization concept, canceled 26 Mar 1952
SCB 109 Bittern ACMU
SCB 110 Midway CVA and Franklin D Roosevelt CVA modernizations
SCB 110A Coral Sea CVA modernization
SCB 111 AVP concept
SCB 112 AO Arctic concept
SCB 113 LST Arctic concept
SCB 114 Suribachi class AE
SCB 115 AVS (aviation stores ship)
SCB 116 Darter SS (see also SCB 124)
SCB 117 DE gas turbine engine, canceled 1955
SCB 118 Barbero SSG conversion
SCB 119 Nov 1953 De Soto County class LST
SCB 120 AP mobilization conversion of passenger liners
SCB 121 Skate class SSN
SCB 122 May 1954 Thetis Bay CVHA conversion
SCB 123 MCS conversions: Catskill, Ozark, Osage, Saugus, and Monitor (last 3 cancelled)
SCB 124 Improved SCB 116: Growler SS original design (see SCB 161)
SCB 125 Essex class CVA modification: 13 ships
SCB 125A Oriskany CVA modification
SCB 126 Guardian class AGR conversion
SCB 127 Kitty Hawk class CVA, preliminary design
SCB 127A Kitty Hawk class CVA: Kitty Hawk and Constellation
SCB 127B Kitty Hawk class CVA follow on: America
SCB 127C Kitty Hawk class CVA follow on: John F. Kennedy
SCB 128 LCPL
SCB 128A LCPL
SCB 128B LCPL
SCB 129 May 1954 Farragut class DL
SCB 130 Fletcher class DDC (destroyer corvette) conversion concept
SCB 131 Jun 1954 Claude Jones class DE
SCB 132 Triton SSRN
SCB 133 ASRD concept
SCB 134 Albemarle AV P6M seaplane modification
SCB 135 Gyatt DDG conversion
SCB 136 Cove MSI (inshore minesweeper)
SCB 137 Halibut SSG original design with diesel-electric propulsion
SCB 137A Halibut SSGN final design with nuclear propulsion
SCB 137B SSGN concept with twice the missile load as Halibut
SCB 138 ARC conversions: Aeolus and Thor
SCB 139 YP-654 class
SCB 140 Galveston class CLG Talos missile conversion
SCB 140A Galveston class CLG Talos missile flagship conversions: Little Rock and Oklahoma City
SCB 141 1954 New LCM(3) concept
SCB 142 Farragut class (Coontz sub-class) DLG
SCB 143 Admirable class AM and Auk class AM conversion to PCE concepts
SCB 144 Essex class CVS FRAM upgrade
SCB 145 CVL angled flight deck concept
SCB 146 Providence class CLG Terrier missile conversion: Topeka
SCB 146A Providence class CLG Terrier missile flagship conversions: Providence and Springfield
SCB 147 YTB-752 class harbor tug
SCB 147A YTB-760 class
SCB 148 unknown project
SCB 149 Aug 1954 LCU 1620
SCB 149B Mar 1962 LCU 1625
SCB 150 Barbel class SS
SCB 151 Currituck AV P6M seaplane modification, cancelled 21 Aug 1959 after 52 days of construction
SCB 152 Jul 1955 Fast catamaran LST with causeway concept
SCB 153 Alternative CV concept, cancelled 14 Sep 1955, influenced SCB 127A and SCB 160
SCB 154 Skipjack class SSN
SCB 155 Aug 1955 Charles F. Adams class DDG
SCB 156 AF conversion, canceled Nov 1955
SCB 157 Jul 1955 Iwo Jima class LPH
SCB 158 CN (nuclear cruiser) concept
SCB 159 Block Island LPH conversion, cancelled 1958
SCB 160 Enterprise CVAN
SCB 161 Grayback and Growler SSG final design (see SCB 2A and 124)
SCB 162 Apr 1956 LCM hydrofoil concept
SCB 163 CN concept
SCB 165 CN concept
SCB 166 Original SSGN design of Thresher / Permit class
SCB 166A Improved SSGN design of Thresher / Permit class, changed to SSN under SCB 188
SCB 167 CN concept
SCB 168 CN concept
SCB 169 Long Beach CGN
SCB 170 Guavina AOSS conversion
SCB 172 Leahy class DLG
SCB 172A Jun 1960 Belknap class DLG
SCB 173 Albany class CG conversions
SCB 173A Baltimore class Polaris missile conversion concept
SCB 174 Des Moines class CG conversion concept
SCB 176 Commencement Bay class AV P6M seaplane conversion concept, cancelled 21 Aug 1959
SCB 177 Tallahatchie County AVB conversion
SCB 178 Tullibee SSN
SCB 179 Victory ship conversion to survey ship concept
SCB 180 Ethan Allen class SSBN
SCB 180A George Washington class SSBN
SCB 182 1957 Albacore AGSS Phase III
SCB 182A 1959 Albacore AGSS Phase IV
SCB 183 1956 PCS concept
SCB 184 1956 SC concept
SCB 185 Conrad class AGOR
SCB 187 Jan 1957 Raleigh class LPD
SCB 187A Raleigh class LPD with flagship facilities: La Salle
SCB 187B Austin class LPD
SCB 188 Thresher / Permit class SSN
SCB 188A Sturgeon class SSN
SCB 188M Lengthened Permit class SSNs: Flasher, Greenling, and Gato
SCB 189 Bainbridge DLGN
SCB 190 Proteus AS modernization
SCB 191 Terror Middle East force flagship conversion concept
SCB 192 Oxford class AGTR conversion
SCB 194 Hunley class AS
SCB 196 Sacramento class AOE
SCB 198 Glover AGFF conversion
SCB 199 Bronstein class DE
SCB 199A Garcia class DE
SCB 199B Brooke class DE
SCB 199C Knox class DE
SCB 202 Apr 1958 High Point PCH
SCB 203 CVAN concept, became SCB 211
SCB 205 AGMs for range instrumentation
SCB 206 Nov 1958 Gearing class DD FRAM I
SCB 207 Dolphin AGSS
SCB 208 Mars class AFS
SCB 211 CVAN concept
SCB 211A CVAN concept, cancelled in favor of SCB 127C
SCB 212 Austere DDG (guided missile destroyer) concept, influenced SCB 172A
SCB 214 Serrano AGS conversion
SCB 215 Gilbert Islands AGMR conversion
SCB 216 Lafayette class SSBN
SCB 216A Benjamin Franklin class SSBN
SCB 216 Mod 3 James Madison class SSBN
SCB 218 Aug 1960 Albemarle ASGL satellite launch concept
SCB 219 1960 Plainview AGEH
SCB 220 Nasty class PTF
SCB 221 Aug 1960 52 foot UDT reconnaissance boat
SCB 222 Truxtun DLGN
SCB 223 GUPPY III SS FRAM
SCB 224 Cimarron class AO jumbo conversion: Mispillion sub-class
SCB 225 Kingsport AG conversion
SCB 226 Silas Bent class AGS
SCB 227 Mar 1961 Typhon DLGN concept
SCB 228 Wright CC conversion
SCB 229 Asheville class PGM
SCB 231 NECPA CC concept
SCB 232 Suribachi class AE modernization
SCB 233 Norton Sound AVM modification
SCB 234 Victory ship AS (submarine tender) conversion
SCB 236 Sea Lift LSV
SCB 238 Simon Lake class AS
SCB 239 Seahawk DD concept
SCB 240 Forrest Sherman class DDG Tartar missile conversion: 4 ships
SCB 241 Mitscher class DDG Tartar missile conversion: 2 ships
SCB 242 Sailfish SS FRAM II refit
SCB 244 Samuel Gompers class AD
SCB 245 Narwhal SSN
SCB 247 Jun 1962 Newport class LST
SCB 248 Nov 1962 Blue Ridge class LCC
SCB 250 CVAN concept, canceled in favor of SCB 127C
SCB 251 Forrest Sherman class (Barry sub-class) DD modernization with ASROC
SCB 252 Jan 1964 Flagstaff PGH and Tucumari PGH

Block numbering of SCB projects

By 1965 the numeric sequence was abandoned and SCB projects were organized by block numbers which arranged projects by ship types (valid until the 1975 ship reclassification), and a two digit suffix denoting the fiscal year of the construction phase of the project. This suffix is not the start date of the project as a concept: SCB 400.65 actually began in November 1962, not in 1965, and SCB 409.68 actually began in February 1965, not in 1968. The existence of successive suffixes also does not necessarily mean that the design of ships of a class in any way changed, such suffixes are listed here for historical note only.

In effect, this new numbering scheme changed the focus of the SCB from design and development to procurement and budget compliance. As a result, concept-only designs would largely disappear from the historical record.

1965-1975 SCB block # Ship type
001-099 Cruisers
100-199 Carriers
200-299 Destroyers/Frigates
_ 200-219 Destroyer Escorts
_ 220-239 Destroyers
_ 240-259 Frigates (past Destroyer Leaders)
_ 260-280 Patrol Frigates
300-399 Submarines
400-499 Amphibious
500-599 Mine Warfare
600-699 Patrol
700-799 Auxiliaries
800-899 Service Craft
900-999 Special Purpose
SCB # Start date Description Notes
SCB 002 Albany class CG AAW modernization (Chicago partially only, Columbus cancelled)
SCB 003.68 Boston class CAG AAW modernization, cancelled
SCB 100.68 CVS ASW concept, became SCB 100.71
SCB 100.71 CVS ASW concept
SCB 101.66 Midway CVA modernization
SCB 101.68 Franklin D. Roosevelt CVA modernization, cancelled
SCB 102.67 Nimitz class CVN
SCB 103.68 Franklin D. Roosevelt CVA austere refit
SCB 200.65 Knox class DE (former SCB 199C)
SCB 222.66 Forrest Sherman class DD ASW modernization (former SCB 251)
SCB 223.67 DDG
SCB 224 Spruance class DD
SCB 226 Ticonderoga class DDG
SCB 240.65 Mar 1961 Typhon DLGN concept (former SCB 227)
SCB 241.66 California class DLGN
SCB 243.66 Farragut class DLG upgrade
SCB 244.66 Leahy class DLG upgrade
SCB 246 Virginia class DLGN
SCB 261 Oliver Hazard Perry class FFG
SCB 300 Sturgeon-class SSN
SCB 301 NR-1
SCB 302 Glenard P. Lipscomb SSN
SCB 303 Los Angeles class SSN
SCB 304 Ohio class SSBN
SCB 350 Grayback LPSS conversion
SCB 351 Halibut SSN conversion
SCB 353 James Madison and Benjamin Franklin classes SSBN Poseidon C-3 missile conversion
SCB 355 Lafayette and Benjamin Franklin classes SSBN Poseidon C-3 conversion
SCB 400.65 Nov 1962 Blue Ridge class LCC (former SCB 248)
SCB 401.65 Jul 1955 New Orleans LPH (former SCB 157) ,
SCB 402.65 Austin class LPD (former SCB 187B)
SCB 403.65 Charleston class AKA
SCB 404.65 Anchorage class LSD, lead ship only
SCB 404.66 Anchorage class LSD, follow on ships
SCB 405.65 Jun 1962 Newport class LST, lead ship only (former SCB 247) ,
SCB 405.66 Jun 1962 Newport class LST: follow on ships (former SCB 247) ,
SCB 406.65 LCU 1627
SCB 409.68 Feb 1965 Tarawa class LHA
SCB 500.66 Liberty ship MSS conversion concept
SCB 501.66 MSO (ocean minesweeper) concept
SCB 502 MSO modernization
SCB 600 Asheville class PGM (former SCB 229)
SCB 602 Pegasus class PHM
SCB 700.66 Samuel Gompers class follow on: AD-39, cancelled (former SCB 244)
SCB 701 AVB (aviation logistics support ship)
SCB 702.65 L Y Spear class AS
SCB 703.65 Kilauea class AE
SCB 704 AGB (icebreaker)
SCB 705 Mars class AFS (former SCB 208)
SCB 706 Cimarron class AO jumbo conversion: Ashtabula sub-class
SCB 707 Wichita class AOR
SCB 708.65 Chauvenet class AGS
SCB 709 Serrano AGS conversion (former SCB 214)
SCB 710 Melville class AGOR
SCB 711.65 Sacramento class AOE (former SCB 196) ,
SCB 713 Mission Buenaventura class AO jumbo conversion
SCB 714 AS (submarine tender)
SCB 719 Edenton class ATS
SCB 720 Fast Deployment Logistic Ship FDL
SCB 721 Pigeon class ASR
SCB 723 Chauvenet AGS
SCB 726 Hayes class AGOR (former SCB 226)
SCB 728 Wyman AGS
SCB 734 Gyre class AGOR
SCB 737 Emory S Land class AS
SCB 739 Cimarron class AO
SCB 744 Powhatan class ATF
SCB 800.65 YP-654 class
SCB 900.65 Iowa class BB ASGL satellite launch concept

CIP

The SCB also had a list of projects called Class Improvement Projects. These were usually changes of a lesser scope or risk than SCB projects; many were contingency plans to refurbish reserve ships had it been necessary to reactivate them. No list of CIP numbers is available.

See also

References

Footnotes

  1. ↑ SCB-27A modifications were Essex, Yorktown, Hornet, Randolph, Wasp, Bennington, Kearsarge, and Lake Champlain
  2. ↑ SCB-27C modifications were Intrepid, Ticonderoga, Lexington, Hancock, Bon Homme Richard, and Shangri-La
  3. ↑ SCB-125 modifications were Essex, Yorktown, Intrepid, Hornet, Ticonderoga, Randolph, Lexington, Wasp, Hancock, Bennington, Bon Homme Richard, Kearsarge, and Shangri-La

Citations

  1. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 7.
  2. ↑ Friedman 1985, p. 311-313.
  3. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 2-3.
  4. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 3.
  5. 1 2 Friedman 2002, p. 13.
  6. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 5.
  7. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 132-133.
  8. 1 2 Friedman 1994, p. 28.
  9. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 369.
  10. ↑ Friedman, Submarines, p. 28
  11. 1 2 Friedman 1994, p. 31.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 Roberts, U.S. Navy Ship Design Project Numbers, 1946-1979 (SCB Numbers)
  13. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 298.
  14. ↑ Friedman 1983, p. 237.
  15. ↑ Friedman 1983, p. 230.
  16. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 265.
  17. 1 2 3 Friedman 1982, p. 269.
  18. ↑ Friedman 1983, p. 340.
  19. 1 2 Friedman 2002, p. 303.
  20. 1 2 Friedman 1994, p. 90.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Crierie, US Navy Ship Characteristic Board (SCB) Numbers
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 Friedman 2002, p. 311.
  23. 1 2 Friedman 1985, p. 390.
  24. 1 2 Wildenberg 1996, p. 207.
  25. ↑ "YAG".
  26. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 267.
  27. ↑ Friedman 2002, p. 383.
  28. 1 2 Friedman 2002, p. 390.
  29. 1 2 3 Friedman 1983, p. 288.
  30. ↑ Friedman 1983, p. 24-25.
  31. 1 2 Friedman 1994, p. 178.
  32. ↑ Friedman 2002, p. 254.
  33. ↑ Friedman 2002, p. 254,256.
  34. ↑ Friedman 1985, p. 402-403.
  35. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 89.
  36. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 252-263.
  37. ↑ Friedman 1983, p. 340-342.
  38. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 229-231.
  39. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 231.
  40. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 231-232.
  41. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 41.
  42. ↑ Friedman 1984, p. 377.
  43. ↑ Roberts 2008e.
  44. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 271-273.
  45. 1 2 Friedman 1982, p. 246.
  46. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 80.
  47. 1 2 Friedman 2002, p. 300.
  48. 1 2 3 Friedman 1982, p. 161.
  49. 1 2 Friedman 1994, p. 182.
  50. 1 2 Hewlett & Duncan 1974, p. 162.
  51. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 186.
  52. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 220.
  53. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 99.
  54. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 47.
  55. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 48.
  56. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 222.
  57. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 273-274.
  58. ↑ Friedman 2014, p. 1043.
  59. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 118.
  60. ↑ Friedman 2002, p. 329-330.
  61. ↑ Friedman 2002, p. 318.
  62. ↑ Friedman 2002, p. 319-322.
  63. ↑ Friedman 1983, p. 256.
  64. ↑ Friedman 1984, p. 430.
  65. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 94.
  66. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 246-249.
  67. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 249.
  68. ↑ Friedman 1987, p. 201.
  69. 1 2 Friedman 1987, p. 207-208.
  70. 1 2 3 Friedman 2002, p. 292.
  71. 1 2 Friedman 1983, p. 300.
  72. ↑ Friedman 2002, p. 306-307.
  73. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 128.
  74. ↑ Friedman 2002, p. 350.
  75. ↑ Roberts 2008c.
  76. 1 2 Friedman 1983, p. 296.
  77. ↑ Friedman 1983, p. 274.
  78. ↑ Friedman 1983, p. 279.
  79. 1 2 3 Friedman 1983, p. 280.
  80. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 295-297.
  81. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 266.
  82. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 275-279.
  83. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 95.
  84. 1 2 Roberts 2008a.
  85. 1 2 3 Friedman 1987, p. 209.
  86. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 179.
  87. ↑ Friedman 1984, p. 386-387.
  88. 1 2 Friedman 1984, p. 393.
  89. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 297.
  90. ↑ Friedman 1984, p. 386-388.
  91. ↑ Friedman 2002, p. 384,386.
  92. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 33.
  93. ↑ Roberts 2008b.
  94. ↑ Friedman 2002, p. 337.
  95. ↑ Friedman 1983, p. 277.
  96. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 258.
  97. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 299,307-309.
  98. 1 2 Friedman 2002, p. 353.
  99. 1 2 Friedman 1984, p. 405.
  100. ↑ Friedman 2002, p. 356.
  101. ↑ Friedman 1983, p. 278,312.
  102. ↑ Friedman 2002, p. 393.
  103. 1 2 3 Friedman 1984, p. 406.
  104. ↑ Friedman 1984, p. 402.
  105. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 299-303.
  106. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 304-306.
  107. ↑ Friedman 1984, p. 394-398.
  108. 1 2 Friedman 1984, p. 400.
  109. ↑ Friedman 1983, p. 346.
  110. 1 2 3 4 Friedman 1994, p. 199.
  111. ↑ Friedman 2002, p. 364.
  112. 1 2 3 Friedman 2002, p. 365.
  113. 1 2 Friedman 1994, p. 143.
  114. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 146.
  115. ↑ Roberts 2008d.
  116. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 349-351.
  117. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 355.
  118. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 357.
  119. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 359-361.
  120. ↑ Friedman 1987, p. 212.
  121. ↑ Friedman 1983, p. 317.
  122. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 285.
  123. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 122.
  124. ↑ Friedman 1983, p. 282.
  125. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 306.
  126. ↑ Friedman 1987, p. 217.
  127. ↑ Friedman 2002, p. 398.
  128. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 316.
  129. 1 2 3 4 5 Fahey 1965, p. 63.
  130. 1 2 Friedman 1982, p. 338.
  131. ↑ Friedman 1982, p. 364-370.
  132. 1 2 3 Fahey 1965, p. 13.
  133. 1 2 3 Fahey 1965, p. 12.
  134. 1 2 Fahey 1965, p. 49,63.
  135. ↑ Friedman 1994, p. 149.
  136. 1 2 3 Friedman 2002, p. 339-344.
  137. 1 2 Friedman 2002, p. 426-430.
  138. ↑ Friedman 1983, p. 318.
  139. ↑ Friedman 1987, p. 257.
  140. ↑ Friedman 2002, p. 429.
  141. ↑ Friedman 1984, p. 398.
  142. ↑ Friedman 1984, p. 380.
  143. ↑ Friedman 1983, p. 219.
  144. ↑ Friedman 1983, p. 306.
  145. ↑ Friedman 1983, p. 301.
  146. ↑ Fahey 1965, p. 24.
  147. ↑ Fahey 1965, p. 44.
  148. 1 2 Friedman 2002, p. 331-334.
  149. ↑ Fahey 1965, p. 42,45,63.
  150. 1 2 3 Fahey 1965, p. 45.
  151. ↑ Friedman 2002, p. 374-381.
  152. ↑ Fahey 1965, p. 49.
  153. ↑ Friedman 1985, p. 400.

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