Morholt

Morholt
Tristan and Iseult character
Attributed arms of Morholt d'Irlande
In-universe information
SpeciesGiant or human
TitleSir
OccupationKnight
FamilyIseult (niece)
NationalityIrish

Morholt is an Irish giant or knight in the legend of Tristan and Iseult.

Name

He is sometimes known as Morholt of Ireland. Other variants of his name include Marhaus, Moraunt, Morhault, Morhout, Morold, Morolt, Amoroldo. In many versions, Morholt's name is prefaced with a definite article (i.e. The Morholt) as if it were a rank or a title, but scholars have found no reason for this.

Legend

The Fight between Tristram and Sir Marhaus, a stained glass panel by Dante Gabriel Rossetti (c. 1863)

He appears in almost all versions of the legend of Tristan and Iseult, beginning with the verse works of Thomas of Britain and Béroul. In the early material, Morholt is the brother of the Queen of Ireland and the uncle of Tristan's future love (both mother and daughter are named Iseult). He comes to Cornwall to collect tribute owed by King Mark to his country, but Mark's nephew Tristan challenges him to battle on the remote Saint Samson's Isle in order to release his people from the debt. Tristan mortally wounds Morholt, leaving a piece of his sword in his skull, but Morholt stabs him with a poisoned spear and escapes to Ireland to die. The injured Tristan eventually travels to Ireland incognito to receive healing from Princess Iseult, but is found out when the queen discovers the piece of metal found in her brother's head fits perfectly into a chink in Tristan's blade.

The authors of later romances expanded Morholt's role. In works like the Prose Tristan, the Post-Vulgate Cycle, and Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, he is a Knight of the Round Table before his fateful encounter with Tristan, who then takes his seat. The prose romances add many further details to Morholt's career; the Post-Vulgate and Malory record his adventures with the young Gawain, Gaheris and Yvain early in King Arthur's reign. Tristan later takes Morholt's place at the Round Table. In the Tavola Ritonda, appearing under his Italian name Amoroldo, Morholt is ruler of a large kingdom including parts of Logres, Aquitaine and Gaul.

Family

In the Tristan and Palamedes, Morholt has a son called Golistant the Strong, who becomes a squire of Segurant the Brown and dies at the hands of Guiron the Courteous at the Castle of Maidens. In the Tavola, his son, Gulistante, later known as Amoroldo (Amoroldino) after he is knighted by Tristan, becomes the king of Ireland; his wife there is a sister of Gawain (Calvano), Queen Vermiglia.

Morholt's father is called Marhalt in Malory and Dilianfer in the Tavola. Morholt's ancestor named Norhot appears in Perceforest.

Modern culture

Morholt features in many modern renditions and adaptations of the Tristanian and/or Arthurian legends, appearing under different variants of his name. As such, modern authors may call him the likes of 'Marhault', as did Roger Lancelyn Green (King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table) and Gerald Morris (The Squire's Tales series), or 'Marhaus', as with Michael G. Coney (Fang, the Gnome) and Rosalind Miles (Isolde, Queen of the Western Isle).

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bruce, Christopher W. (1999). The Arthurian Name Dictionary. Taylor & Francis. p. 369. ISBN 978-0-8153-2865-0.
  2. ↑ Rhys, Ernest (1886). Malory's History of King Arthur and the Quest of the Holy Grail. Walter Scott.
  3. ↑ The Rhymer, Thomas (1886). Sir Tristrem.
  4. ↑ Rajna, Pio (1900). Le fonti dell'Orlando furioso: ricerche e studii (in Italian). G. C. Sansoni.
  5. ↑ Gli Egregi Fatti Del Gran Re Meliadus: Con altre rare prodezze del Re Artu, di Palamides, Amorault d'Irlanda ... Historia bellissima, non piu ueduta (in Italian). Aldvs. 1560.
  6. ↑ Løseth, Eilert (1891). Le roman en prose de Tristan: le roman de Palamède, et la compilation de Rusticien de Pise; analyse critique d'après les manuscrits de Paris. 1890 (in French). É. Bouillon.
  7. ↑ Stevens, Adrian; Wisbey, Roy Albert; Studies, University of London Institute of Germanic (1990). Gottfried Von Strassburg and the Medieval Tristan Legend: Papers from an Anglo-North American Symposium. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. ISBN 978-0-85991-294-5.
  8. ↑ Von Strassburg, Gottfried; Weston, Jessie Laidlay (1899). The Story of Tristan & Iseult. D. Nutt.
  9. ↑ Curtis, Renée L. (translator) (1994). The Romance of Tristan, Oxford. ISBN 0-19-282792-8.
  10. 1 2 Bruce, Christopher W. (1999). The Arthurian Name Dictionary. Taylor & Francis. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-8153-2865-0.
  11. ↑ Bruce, Christopher W. (1999). The Arthurian Name Dictionary. Taylor & Francis. p. 227. ISBN 978-0-8153-2865-0.
  12. ↑ La Tavola ritonda, o L'istoria di Tristano testo di lingua citato dagli accademici della Crusca ed ora per la prima volta pubblicato secondo il codice della Mediceo-Laurenziana: Illustrazioni (in Italian). presso Gaetano Romagnoli. 1865.
  13. ↑ Tether, Leah; Busby, Keith (2021-07-05). Rewriting Medieval French Literature: Studies in Honour of Jane H. M. Taylor. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-063903-2.
  14. ↑ Green, Roger Lancelyn (2008-08-07). King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table: Rediscover the children's classic. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0-14-191870-9.
  15. ↑ Morris, Gerald (2003). The Ballad of Sir Dinadan. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-618-54894-1.
  16. ↑ Morris, Gerald (2006). Squire Terence and the Maiden's Knight. Kingfisher. ISBN 978-0-7534-1350-0.
  17. ↑ Coney, Michael G. (2013-04-29). Fang, the Gnome. Orion. ISBN 978-0-575-12944-3.
  18. ↑ Miles, Rosalind (2007-12-18). Isolde, Queen of the Western Isle: The First of the Tristan and Isolde Novels. Crown. ISBN 978-0-307-42112-8.
  19. ↑ Steinbeck, John (2008-12-30). The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights (Penguin Classics Deluxe ed.). Penguin. ISBN 978-1-4406-5552-4.