List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number: 321.312

This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.312 under that system. These instruments may be known as spike box lutes or spike guitars.

3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments).
32: Instruments in which the resonator and string bearer are physically united and can not be separated without destroying the instrument
321: Instruments in which the strings run in a plane parallel to the sound table (lutes)
321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (handle lutes)
321.31: Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through or over the resonator (spike lutes)
321.312: Instruments in which the resonator is in the form of a box (spike box lutes, spike guitars)

These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.

Instrument Tradition Hornbostel–Sachs classification Description
banjo (with resonator)
 African American 321.312-5 Four or five stringed instrument, plucked with a bare thumb and a forefinger covered by a metal thimble, traditionally with four or five strings,
gimbri
guinbri, guimbri, gimbri, ginibri		 Gnawa music 321.312 Rectangular box lute with leather tuning rings
gusle
 Serbia, Montenegro and elsewhere in the former Yugoslavia 321.312 Stringed instrument, round, typically with one string bound at the top of the neck with a tuning peg
Serbian gusleⓘ
morin khuur
horse-head fiddle, shoor, ikil		 Mongolia, Tuva 321.312 Two-stringed instrument, held between the legs, with a trapezoidal body and a horse's head typically carved on the upper edge of the pegbox
sanshin
 Ryukyus of Japan 321.312-6 Three stringed fretless plucked instrument, covered with snakeskin
sanxian
 China 321.312 Three-stringed fretless plucked instrument, with a box covered in snakeskin.
shanz
shudraga		 Mongolia 321.312 Three-stringed fretless plucked instrument, with a box covered in snakeskin.
shamisen
 Japan 321.312-6 Three-stringed fretless plucked instrument, covered with dog or cat skin.

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Hill, Errol; James Vernon Hatch (2003). A History of African American Theatre. Don B. Wilmeth. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-62443-6.
  2. ↑ Bailey, Jay (January–March 1972). "Historical Origin and Stylistic Developments of the Five-String Banjo". Journal of American Folklore. 85 (335). American Folklore Society: 58–65. doi:10.2307/539129. JSTOR 539129.
  3. ↑ "'Spinning Out of Control': Rhetoric and Violent Conflict" (pdf). June 1, 2006. p. 4. Retrieved December 21, 2007.[permanent dead link]
  4. ↑ "Montenegrin Music". Visit Montenegro. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
  5. ↑ Lord, Albert B. (1936). "Homer and Huso I: The Singer's Rests in Greek and Southslavic Heroic Song". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. 67. The Johns Hopkins University Press: 106–113. doi:10.2307/283230. JSTOR 283230.
  6. ↑ Tokita, Alison McQueen; David Hughes. "Context and Change in Japanese Music" (pdf). Retrieved December 17, 2007.