The Standard J is a two-seat basic trainer two-bay biplane produced in the United States from 1916 to 1918, powered by a four-cylinder inline Hall-Scott A-7a engine. It was constructed from wood with wire bracing and fabric covering. The J-1 was built as a stopgap to supplement the Curtiss JN-4 in production.
Development
Charles Healy Day had designed the preceding Sloan H series of aircraft, and continued the line under the Standard Aero Corporation (later Standard Aircraft Corporation). Four companies, Standard, Dayton-Wright, Fisher Body, and Wright-Martin, delivered 1,601 J-1s between June 1917 and June 1918. The Standard J-1 can be differentiated from the Curtiss JN series by its slightly swept-back wing planform, triangular king posts above the upper wings, and the front legs of the landing gear which were mounted behind the lower wing's leading edge, just about where the forward wing spar of the lower wing panel attaches to the fuselage.
Operational history
Standard J-1 providing joyrides.
Although produced in large numbers, its four-cylinder Hall-Scott A-7a engine was unreliable and vibrated badly. While JN-4 production outnumbered J-1s by about two to one in June 1918, fatalities in JN-4s versus J-1s numbered about seven to one due to the limited use of the J-1s. Few later production J-1s left their delivery crates.
In June 1918, all Standard J-1s were grounded, although training remained intensive. Sufficient JN-4s were available to meet training needs, and at $2,000 per aircraft it was not cost-effective to convert them to use Curtiss OX-5 engines. Contracts for 2,600+ JS-1s were canceled, and those not used for ground instruction by the US Army were sold as surplus or scrapped. Curtiss, which produced its competitor (the Curtiss JN) bought surplus J-1s which they modified with different powerplants, for resale.
In January. 1919 on the 1920 fiscal year Army Appropriation Bill hearings, it was described as:
We have no machine that is obsolete with the exception of the Standard J-1, which was discussed this morning. That plane would have never been built in this country for training purposes had it not been for the fact that we could not get enough Curtiss machines, that is the JN machine. The fact is that we knew the machinewas not a good machine, but it served its purpose, and we did a lot of training with that machine, but it became dangerous; it was over-surfaced. Then the four cylinder Hall-Scott motor vibrated so badly that the machine never worked satisfactorily. It was underpowered... we built it knowing that it was not satisfactory, but it was the only way we could get machines in use. It was put in storage, finally, because we had plenty of the Curtiss machines at that time.
Many J-1s were flown by civilian flying schools, and for joy-riding and barnstorming operations, until they were worn out, or were forced into retirement by new air transport legislation in 1927 which banned passenger aircraft with wood structures due to a number of high-profile accidents.
Super Rhone Standard: Conversion of the original aircraft to take a 120hp (89kW)Super Rhone air-cooled radial engine. The first of these converted aircraft was used as a crop duster in Texas during 1925.
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