List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones

Leaders of states in the U.S. which have significant mineral deposits often create a state mineral, rock, stone or gemstone to promote interest in their natural resources, history, tourism, etc. Not every state has an official state mineral, rock, stone and/or gemstone, however.

In the chart below, a year which is listed within parentheses represents the year during which that mineral, rock, stone or gemstone was officially adopted as a state symbol or emblem.

Table of minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones

State, federal district, territory Mineral Rock or stone Gemstone
Alabama
A sparkling, metallic gray chunk of hematite on a blue background.
Hematite (1967)
A chunk of pure white marble lies on a dark background.
Marble (1969)
A bluish gray round cabochon of quartz showing a four rayed star effect under intense lighting.
Star blue quartz (1990)
Alaska
An irregularly shaped nugget of native gold.
Gold (1968)
  
An irregular chunk of celedon green jade.
Nephrite jade (1968)
Arizona
An irregular piece of native copper on a green background.
Wulfenite (2017)
An uncut nodule of brown matrix with a split face showing areas of turquoise.
Turquoise (1974)
Arkansas
A cluster of clear, colorless quartz crystals.
Quartz (1967)
A slab of bauxite displaying brown orbicular formations which are approximately the size of the one cent coin which lies on top of the slab.
Bauxite (1967)
Star of Murfreesboro blue diamond from Arkansas
Diamond (1967)
California[A]
An irregularly shaped nugget of native gold ore.
Gold (1965); California's nickname is the Golden State
A rough chunk of dark green serpentine with lighter veining.
Serpentinite (1965)
A rough rock showing several intense, dark blue benitoite crystals emerging from white natrolite matrix.
Benitoite (1985)
Colorado[B]
Intense, transparent, strawberry red crystals of rhodochrosite from Colorado's Sweet Home mine.
Rhodochrosite (2002)
Large blocks of partially worked white marble lie on the ground at Colorado's Marble Mill site with the National Historical marker in the background.
Yule marble (2004)
A light blue piece of aquamarine cutting rough.
Aquamarine (1971)
Connecticut
A cluster of orange to red almandine garnet crystals.
Almandine garnet (1977)
  
Delaware
A long crystal of light purple sillimanite on a white background.
Sillimanite (1977)
Florida[C]
A nodule of gray fossilized coral which has been sliced in half with the halves lying opposite each other and showing the hollow center.
Agatized Coral (1979)
A chunk of grayish yellow moonstone which shows fracture lines and a blue glow in some portions.
Moonstone (1970)
Georgia
Intersecting twinned crystals of brown staurolite forming an abstract sculptural mass.
Staurolite (1976)
An oval cabochon of pink quartz
Quartz (1976)
Hawaiʻi
Black branches of coral, along which are arranged bright yellow polyps.
Black coral (1987)
Idaho
A round cabochon of very dark red garnet which displays a six pointed star effect under intense lighting.
Star garnet (1967)
Illinois
A cluster of purple fluorite crystals with a few crystals of iron pyrite attached.
Fluorite (1965)
Dolomite rock, CaMg(CO3)2
Dolostone (2022)
Indiana
A chunk of limestone showing yellowish and white banding.
Salem limestone (1971)
Iowa
Keokuk geode showing the exterior shell and interior. cavity
Geode (1967)
Kansas
Galena
Galena (2018)
Greenhorn Limestone
Greenhorn Limestone, from which the Kansas Stone Posts were cut. (2018)
Jelenite (amber)
Jelenite, a form of amber (2018)
Kentucky Calcite (2024)
A smooth pebble of white agate with black and green dendrite formations.
Kentucky agate (2000)
A string of white pearls arranged in a twisted pile on a white background.
Freshwater pearl (1986)
Louisiana
A chunk of agate in grayish and golden colors with the split face showing internal fortification banding along with a black dendritic formation.
Agate (2011)
Louisiana state gemstone
Lapearlite (Eastern oyster shell) (2011)
Maine
Dark bluish and green or black, rod-like tourmaline crystals emerging from clear quartz holding matrix.
Tourmaline (1971)
 Granitic pegmatite (2023)
Maryland
A chunk of chromite showing brown coloring with green oxide.
Chromite (2025)
Peach reds and yellows with threadlike mossy and cell-like formations in semi-smooth tumbled agate pebbles.
Patuxent River stone agate (2004)
Massachusetts[D]
Shiny black crystals of babingtonite on whitish matrix.
Babingtonite (1971)
Photo of a gray cliffside in Roxbury showing the conglomerate material.
Roxbury puddingstone (1983)
A rough chunk of rhodonite showing white and intense pink crystals.
Rhodonite (1979)
Michigan
A polished brown pebble of petoskey stone showing the typically six-sided cellular structure from the fossilized coral.
Petoskey stone fossilized coral (1965)
A polished cabochon of green pumpellyite showing the desirable chatoyant, cell-like structure found in the Michigan material.
Chlorastrolite (aka Isle Royale greenstone) (1972)
Minnesota
An oval cabochon of Lake Superior agate which displays the typical tight fortification banding in shades of reds, yellows and white.
Lake Superior agate (1969)
Mississippi
A child sitting on a broken section of a petrified wood log.
Petrified wood (1976)
Mississippi Opal (2023)
Missouri
Gray crystals of galena clustered on a gray matrix.
Galena (1967); Missouri's nickname is the Lead State
A slice of mozarkite with the face showing a swirling pattern of cream, pinks and yellows.
Mozarkite (1967)
Montana
A custom shield cut sapphire from Rock Creek, Montana in deep blue with a slight green undertone or zoning.
Sapphire (1969)
and
A cloudy translucent white polished shield-shaped cabochon of Montana moss agate with puffy black dendrites arranged around a central area of golden fortifications.
Montana Agate (1969)
Nebraska
Tumble polished translucent agate pebbles showing gold, red and white colors.
Prairie agate (1967)
A chunk of seam agate with the split face showing fortification banding in gray, blue and white colors.
Blue chalcedony (1967)
Nevada
An irregularly shaped specimen of native silver ore.
Metal: Silver (1977); Nevada's nickname is the Silver State
A rough chunk of sandstone with the face showing layering in shades of brown, black and white.
Sandstone (1987)
A freeform cabochon of black Virgin Valley wood replacement opal with red, blue and green fire showing against the dark base opal.
Precious Gemstone: Virgin Valley black fire opal (1987)

Three rough chunks of raw turquoise in brown matrix are at the top of the picture, below which are a range of thirteen finished cabochons showing various colors ranging from green to light turquoise blue, and a range of spiderweb matrix ranging from none to light yellow to deep brown.
Semiprecious Gemstone: Nevada turquoise (1987)
New Hampshire
A yellowish white beryl crystal.
Beryl (1985)
The Old Man of the Mountain granite formation in New Hampshire's White Mountains.
Granite (1985); New Hampshire's nickname is the Granite State
A cluster of transparent and light brown quartz crystals.
Smoky quartz (1985)
New Jersey
Franklinite (2023)
New Mexico
A polished, freeform cabochon of turquoise blue with brown dots of matrix inclusions.
Turquoise (1967)
New York
A round, faceted garnet gemstone in deep red with orange undertones.
Garnet (1969)
North Carolina
An irregularly shaped nugget of native gold.
Gold (2011)
Translucent green emerald crystals in a cream-colored matrix.
Emerald (1973)
North Dakota
Knife River Flint (2025)
Ohio
A freeform cabochon of Ohio flint with a pattern of cream and ochre bands and a bluish black pattern at one end.
Ohio flint (1965)
Oklahoma
Columnar crystal habit.
Crystal: Hourglass selenite (2005)
A rough, oval desert rose formation made up of barite crystals.
Barite Rose (1968)
  
Oregon[E] State Twin Minerals:
A nugget of oregonite with "josephinite" (= awaruite).
Oregonite (2013)
and
Awaruite is a nickel-iron alloy-bearing rock occurring as detritus in streams. This pebble/nugget weighs 13 grams.
Josephinite (2013)
A sliced thunderegg with the polished face showing a water level pattern in clear, blue and white chalcedony bands.
Thunderegg (1965)
Four faceted gemstones in various cuts showing some of the Oregon labradorite colors, including dichroic red green, red and yellow bicolor, clear with copper shiller streaking, and teal blue-green.
Oregon sunstone labradorite (1987)
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
The face of a polished slab of bowenite serpentine with a wavy pattern in colors ranging from intense jade green to yellows.
Bowenite serpentine (1966)
Two rough chunks of cumberlandite showing reddish brown coloring with a few whitish streaks.
Cumberlandite (1966)
South Carolina
A closeup of the polished face of a slab of granite showing grains of white, bluish gray and black.
Blue granite (1969)
A cluster of light purple to violet amethyst crystals.
Amethyst (1969)
South Dakota
Rose quartz
Rose quartz (1966)
A group of tumble polished agates showing banding in red, orange and white with crystal interiors.
Fairburn agate (1966)
and
State Jewelry: Black Hills Gold
Tennessee
A round cabochon of Tennessee paint rock showing clear holding agate, white banding and a red mossy formation.
Agate (2009)
Closup view of an unpolished, gray limestone slab showing fossil shell and other inclusions.
Limestone (from 1979 to present)
and formerly
A round cabochon of Tennessee paint rock showing clear holding agate, white banding and a red mossy formation.
Tennessee agate (from 1969 until 2009)
A string of white pearls arranged in a twisted pile on a white background.
Tennessee River Pearl (1979)
Texas
An irregularly shaped specimen of native silver ore.
Precious Metal: Silver (2007)
An oval palmwood cabochon in a buff color with dark dots formed when sclerenchyma structures in the wood was replaced by chalcedony.
Oligocene petrified palmwood (1969)
A light blue chunk of topaz cutting rough.
Gemstone: Texas blue topaz (1969)

A line drawing showing the five-pointed star feature in the pavilion of the Lone Star gemstone cut.
Gem Cut: "Lone Star Cut" (1977)
Utah
An irregular piece of native copper on a green background.
Copper (1994)
A chunk of black coal.
Coal (1991)
A terminated raw, golden topaz crystal.
Topaz (1969)
Vermont
A chunk of translucent white talc.
Talc (1991)
A buff-colored boulder of granite.
Granite (1992)
and
The white marble state capitol building in Montpelier.
Marble (1992)
and
An unpolished, irregular slab of gray slate.
Slate (1992)
A cluster of orange garnet crystals in a light gray matrix.
Grossular garnet (1991)
Virginia
A speckled rock specimen
Nelsonite (2016)
Washington
A sliced section of a petrified wood log showing exterior fossilized bark and black, white, red and yellow agate in the interior.
Petrified wood (1975)
West Virginia[F]
A chunk of black coal.
Bituminous coal (2009)
A polished slab showing the cellular structure from the fossilized coral.
Mississippian Lithostrotionella fossil coral (1990)
Wisconsin
Gray crystal of galena.
Galena (1971)
A rough chunk of granite showing grains of red, pink, white, gray and black.
Red granite (1971)
Wyoming
A freeform triangular cabochon of olive-green Wyoming nephrite jade.
Wyoming nephrite jade (1967)

See also

Endnotes

  1. ^ In 1965, California became the first state to name an official state rock. A 2010 effort led by State Senator Gloria J. Romero, a Democrat from Los Angeles, sought to remove serpentine from its perch as the state's official stone. Organizations such as the Asbestos Disease Awareness Organization have supported the move as the olive green rock is a source of chrysotile, a form of asbestos that can cause mesothelioma and other forms of cancer. Geologists have rallied to oppose the bill, arguing that there is no way to be harmed from casual exposure to serpentine. The bill did not reach a final vote and died in committee at the end of August 2010. In 1986, California named benitoite as its state gemstone, a form of the mineral barium titanium silicate that is unique to the Golden State and only found in gem quality in San Benito County.
  2. ^ Colorado is the only state whose geological symbols reflect the national flag's colors: red (rhodochrosite), white (yule marble), and blue (aquamarine).
  3. ^ Florida's state gem, moonstone, was adopted to highlight Florida's role in the United States' Lunar program, which landed the first astronauts on the Moon.
  4. ^ Since 1983, Massachusetts has had three other official state rocks: State Historical Rock (Plymouth Rock), State Explorer Rock (Dighton Rock), and State Building and Monument Stone (Granite). In 2008, a State Glacial Rock (Rolling Rock) was designated as well.
  5. ^ A measure passed the Oregon Senate in March 1965 naming the thunderegg as Oregon's state rock, in a move that was supported as a way to stimulate tourism in the state. The thunderegg, a nodule-like geological structure, similar to a geode, that is formed within a rhyolitic lava flow, were said by the Native Americans of Warm Springs to have been created by thunder spirits that lived in the craters of Mount Hood and Mount Jefferson.
  6. ^ In 2009, West Virginia named bituminous coal as its official state rock, in a resolution that noted that the coal industry plays an "integral part of the economic and social fabric of the state". West Virginia joined Kentucky and Utah, which also recognize coal as a state mineral or rock. The drive to name coal as an official state symbol was initiated by a high school student from Wharncliffe, West Virginia, who initiated her project at a school fair and collected 2,500 signatures on a petition that was submitted to legislators.

References

  1. ↑ "Alabama Emblems". Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors. Alabama Department of Archives & History. July 12, 2001. Archived from the original on December 24, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2007.
  2. ↑ "State of Alaska". Alaska Symbols. State of Alaska. Archived from the original on February 8, 2009. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  3. ↑ "Alaska Statutes 2019". Alaska State Legislature. Alaska Legislature. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  4. ↑ "State of Arizona Secretary of State". Arizona Symbols. State of Arizona. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  5. ↑ Arizona Facts, Office of the Governor, January 2015, retrieved December 19, 2019
  6. ↑ "View Document". www.azleg.gov. Retrieved January 29, 2020.
  7. ↑ "Featured Mineral: Wulfenite". Arizona Mining, Mineral and Natural Resources Education Museum. August 20, 2019. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  8. ↑ "Arkansas Quartz Crystals" (PDF). geology.arkansas.gov. Retrieved October 5, 2025.
  9. ↑ "State of Arkansas Secretary of State". Arkansas Symbols. State of Arkansas. Retrieved November 12, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  10. ↑ "Gemstone".
  11. ↑ "State of California Symbols". California Symbols. State of California. Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  12. ↑ California Government Code, §§ 420-429.8
  13. ↑ "State of Colorado Symbols". Colorado Symbols. State of Colorado. Archived from the original on August 14, 2003. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  14. ↑ "State of Connecticut – Sites, Seals and Symbols". State of Connecticut. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  15. ↑ "Delaware Facts and Symbols". State of Delaware. Archived from the original on April 25, 2007. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  16. ↑ "Chapter 21". Delaware Code Online. State of Delaware. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  17. ↑ "State of Florida Symbols". Florida Symbols. State of Florida. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  18. ↑ "Georgia State Symbols". Georgia Secretary of State Archives. State of Georgia. Archived from the original on November 18, 2009. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  19. ↑ Grigg, Richard W. (1993). "Precious Coral Fisheries of Hawaii and the U.S. Pacific Islands" (PDF). Marine Fisheries Review. 55 (2). Seattle, Washington: National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA: 54. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 12, 2019. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
  20. ↑ "Emblems and Symbols". Hawaii Revised Statutes. Hawaii State Legislature. §5-15. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  21. ↑ "Idaho Symbols". State of Idaho. Archived from the original on June 30, 2010. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  22. ↑ "Illinois Facts – Symbols". State of Illinois. Archived from the original on April 15, 2006. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  23. ↑ "Illinois General Assembly - Full Text of Public Act 102-1044". www.ilga.gov. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  24. ↑ "IHB: Emblems and Symbols". State of Indiana. Archived from the original on March 17, 2009. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  25. ↑ "Iowa General Assembly – Iowa State Symbols". State of Iowa. Archived from the original on April 30, 2010. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  26. ↑ "State Symbols and Song". Iowa Publications Online. State Library of Iowa. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  27. ↑ "2018 Statute Chapter 73 Article 37", Official state rock, Kansas Legislature, retrieved December 5, 2019
  28. ↑ "2018 Statute Chapter 73 Article 38", Official state mineral, Kansas Legislature, retrieved December 5, 2019
  29. ↑ "2018 Statute Chapter 73 Article 39", Official state gemstone, Kansas Legislature, retrieved December 5, 2019
  30. ↑ Jackson & Mariner Svaty (March 15, 2018), Testimony in Support of H.B. 2650 (before the Kansas Senate) (PDF), Mr. Chairman, we would recommend that rather than naming the state rock "limestone", which is prevalent in different forms around the country, we should declare a limestone specific to Kansas as the state rock. Our recommendation would be Greenhorn limestone, the famous "post rock" limestone that has the largest distribution statewide,[sic - Cottonwood and other limestones have larger distributions in the state] running from Ford County all the way to Washington County [i.e., Smoky Hills], and can be seen as fenceposts everywhere in between."
  31. ↑ "Kentucky State Symbols". State of Kentucky. Archived from the original on December 13, 2006. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  32. ↑ "RS 49:163.1 State Mineral". State of Louisiana. Archived from the original on April 29, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  33. ↑ "RS 49:163 State Gem". State of Louisiana. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  34. ↑ "Maine Symbols". State of Maine. Archived from the original on August 2, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  35. ↑ "Title 1, §213: Official mineral".
  36. ↑ "LD 269, SP 128, Text and Status, 131st Legislature, First Regular Session".
  37. ↑ "Maryland Symbols". State of Maryland. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  38. ↑ Gaskill, Hannah (May 13, 2025). "Gov. Wes Moore signs new bills: What it means for IDs, abortion, driving and the orange crush". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved May 13, 2025.
  39. ↑ "Massachusetts Symbols". State of Massachusetts. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  40. ↑ "Michigan's State Symbols" (PDF). State of Michigan. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  41. ↑ "Minnesota Symbols". State of Minnesota. Archived from the original on December 7, 2009. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  42. ↑ "State of Mississippi Symbols". State of Mississippi. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved November 1, 2010.
  43. ↑ "Senate Bill 2138". State of Mississippi. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  44. ↑ "Office of the Secretary of State, Missouri – State Symbols". State of Missouri. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  45. ↑ "State Gem, Montana Code Annotated section 1-1-501". Montana Legislature. Archived from the original on October 7, 2012. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
  46. ↑ "Nebraska Symbols". State of Nebraska. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  47. ↑ "Nevada Symbols". State of Nevada. Archived from the original on March 9, 2009. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  48. ↑ "NRS: Chapter 235 - State Seal, Motto and Symbols; Gifts and Endowments".
  49. ↑ "Fast New Hampshire Facts". State of New Hampshire. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  50. ↑ "New Jersey Symbols". State of New Jersey. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  51. ↑ "Office of the Governor | Governor Murphy Signs Legislation Designating Franklinite as State Mineral". www.nj.gov. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  52. ↑ "New Mexico Symbols". State of New Mexico. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  53. ↑ "New York State Information". State of New York. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  54. ↑ "The State Symbols". State of North Carolina. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
  55. ↑ "HB 1186 - Overview | North Dakota Legislative Branch". ndlegis.gov. Retrieved March 29, 2025.
  56. ↑ "State Symbols". State of North Dakota. Archived from the original on January 27, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  57. ↑ "Ohio Symbols". State of Ohio. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  58. ↑ "Oklahoma State Icons". State of Oklahoma. Archived from the original on January 15, 2014. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  59. ↑ Quicklinks. "Rose Rocks". www.ou.edu. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  60. ↑ "Rose Rocks". Oklahoma Geological Survey. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  61. ↑ "SCR0014 - 2013SCR0014" (PDF). Oregon State Legislature. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  62. ↑ "Oregon Symbols". State of Oregon. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  63. ↑ "Rocks and Minerals". Pennsylvania Geological Survey. Archived from the original on December 10, 2003. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  64. ↑ "Facts and History". State of Rhode Island. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  65. ↑ "South Carolina Symbols". State of South Carolina. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  66. ↑ "South Dakota Mineral Law". sdlegislature.gov. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  67. ↑ "South Dakota Symbols". State of South Dakota. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  68. ↑ "Tennessee Symbols". State of Tennessee. Archived from the original on June 25, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2014.
  69. ↑ "Texas Symbols". State of Texas. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  70. ↑ "Utah Symbols". State of Utah. Archived from the original on April 29, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  71. ↑ "Vermont Laws". Vermont General Assembly. State of Vermont. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  72. ↑ "Vermont Emblems". State of Vermont. Archived from the original on October 29, 2009. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  73. ↑ "Vermont Laws".
  74. ↑ "SB 352 Nelsonite; designating as state rock, etc". State of Virginia. Retrieved May 11, 2016.
  75. ↑ "Student project leads to the development of new law and the Commonwealth's first state rock". Piedmont Virginia Community College. Archived from the original on January 9, 2019. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
  76. ↑ "Washington Symbols". State of Washington. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  77. ↑ "State Facts". State of West Virginia. Archived from the original on July 23, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  78. ↑ "West Virginia House Concurrent Resolution No. 37, signed into law June 2009". State of West Virginia. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  79. ↑ "Wisconsin State Symbols". State of Wisconsin. Archived from the original on January 12, 2010. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  80. ↑ "Wyoming Emblems". State of Wyoming. Archived from the original on September 6, 2011. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  81. ↑ Steinhauer, Jennifer. "California May Drop Rock, and Geologists Feel the Pain", The New York Times, July 13, 2010. Accessed July 13, 2010.
  82. ↑ Hartigan, Elizabeth. "CALIFORNIA FINDS ITSELF A REAL GEM", Chicago Tribune, March 12, 1986. Accessed July 13, 2010.
  83. ↑ "State Symbols". Florida Department of State, Division of Historical Resources. 2010. Archived from the original on December 15, 2010. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
  84. ↑ "CIS: State Symbols". William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  85. ↑ via United Press International. "Senate Votes Thunderegg State Rock", Eugene Register-Guard, March 6, 1965. Accessed July 13, 2010.
  86. ↑ via Associated Press. "House Approves State Rock", Eugene Register-Guard, March 26, 1965. Accessed July 13, 2010.
  87. ↑ O'Caroll, Eoin. "West Virginia names coal as its official state rock", The Christian Science Monitor, June 12, 2009. Accessed July 13, 2010.