After completing his undergraduate degree at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he became a graduate student at Stanford University. There he received his Ph.D. in 1964 with a thesis supervised by Samuel Karlin. Samuels joined in 1964 the faculty of Purdue University and retired there in 2003 as professor emeritus of statistics and mathematics. He did research on various topics in probability theory and its applications, dynamic optimization, and disclosure risk assessment for statistical microdata.
Samuels, S. M. (1974). "A Characterization of the Poisson Process". Journal of Applied Probability. 11 (1): 72–85. doi:10.2307/3212584. JSTOR3212584. 1974
Samuels, Stephen M.; Chotlos, Bay (1986). "A Multiple Criteria Optimal Selection Problem". Lecture Notes-Monograph Series. Institute of Mathematical Statistics Lecture Notes - Monograph Series. Vol.8. pp.62–78. doi:10.1214/lnms/1215540289. ISBN0-940600-09-9. JSTOR4355521. 1986
Samuels, Stephen M.; Studden, William J. (1989). "Bonferroni-Type Probability Bounds as an Application of the Theory of Tchebycheff Systems". Probability, Statistics, and Mathematics. pp.271–289. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-058470-3.50026-4. ISBN9780120584703. 1989
Samuels, Stephen M. (1990). "Applications of statistics to Antarctic, non-Antarctic differences". Differences Between Antarctic and Non-Antarctic Meteorites. pp.74–80. Bibcode:1989LPICo.712..216S.
Samuels, Stephen M. (1992). "Secretary Problems as a Source of Benchmark Bounds". Lecture Notes-Monograph Series. Institute of Mathematical Statistics Lecture Notes - Monograph Series. Vol.22. Institute of Mathematical Statistics. pp.371–387. doi:10.1214/lnms/1215461963. ISBN0-940600-29-3. JSTOR4355753. 1992