Timeline of Muscat

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Muscat, Oman.

Prior to 20th century

550 BCE – Achaemenids in power (approximate date).
100s CE – Migration of Arab tribes from Yemen.
633 CE – Regional Islamization.
696 CE – Umayyad army attempting to seize Muscat was defeated.
865 CE – Flood destroy a portion of the city.
1507 – City taken by Portuguese forces under command of Afonso de Albuquerque.
1522 – Uprising against Portuguese rule.
1546 – City bombarded by Ottoman ships without landing.
1552 – Capture of Muscat (1552) by Ottoman forces under Piri Reis for a brief period.
1581 – City pillaged by Ottomans under command of Piri Reis before withdrawing.
1586-1588 – Fort al-Jalali and Fort al-Mirani completed.
1624 – Construction begins of "earthen land wall" around city.
1640 – City attacked by forces of Nasir bin Murshid.
1648 – City besieged by Nasir ibn Murshid but Portuguese sued for peace.
1650 – City taken by forces of Sultan bin Saif; Portuguese ousted.
1670 – Dutch East India Company factory established.
1738 – Muscat occupied by forces of Muhammad Taqi Khan of Fars.
1740s – Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi in power.
1792 – Albusaidi monarch Hamad ibn Said relocates the capital of Oman from Rustaq to Muscat.
1800 – British representative of the British East India Company takes residence in Muscat.
1806 – Said bin Sultan in power.
1832 – Capital of the Omani empire relocated from Muscat to colonial Zanzibar by Said bin Sultan.
1845 – Bait al-Falaj Fort built.
1856 – Thuwaini bin Said becomes sultan of the newly formed Sultanate of Muscat and Oman and his capital is Muscat.
1879 – The United States consulate is established in Muscat.
1890 – Cyclonic storm flooding kills 700 people.
1893 – Hospital established.
1894 – French consulate established.
1899 – Bubonic plague strikes at Muscat.

20th century

1928 – Al-Sa'idiyah School established.
1929 – Vehicular road into city built "by the hacking out of a one-lane track through the mountains."
1932 – Said bin Taimur becomes sultan.
1939 – Municipal council established.
1943 – Bombing of ship in harbor by Japanese forces.
1948 – Imperial Bank of Iran branch in business.
1949 – Municipal Law for the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman issued.
1951 – Indian consulate established.
1952 – Population: 4,200 in town (approximate estimate).
1960 – Population: 5,080 in town; 6,208 urban agglomeration (approximate estimate).
1962 – Muttrah-Muscat road paved.
1963 – Slavery abolished.
1967 – Petroleum Development Oman headquartered in Muscat.
1968 – Electric power plant commissioned in Riyam.
1970 – Qaboos bin Said al Said in power.
1972
- June: Muttrah and Muscat merge to form the Muscat Municipality.
- Al Alam Palace built.
1973
- Seeb Airport opens.
- British School – Muscat established.
1974
- Port Sultan Qaboos built in Muttrah.
- Museum of Omani Heritage opens.
1977 First oil painting exhibition by Gulshen Sleem at Al Falaj Hotel
1975
- Office of municipality president established.
- Times of Oman newspaper begins publication.
1981
- Oman Daily Observer newspaper begins publication.
- Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor and Ministry of Petroleum built.
1984 – Muscat Governorate established.
1985
- Gulf Cooperation Council meets in Muscat.
- Al-Bustan Palace Hotel in business.
- Oman Natural History Museum opens.
1986 – Sultan Qaboos University opens.
1987 – Royal Hospital built.
1988
- Muscat Securities Market established.
- Alwatan newspaper in publication.
- French embassy built.
1990 – Oman Children's Museum established.
1992 – Omani French Museum established.
1993
- 40,856 in city.
- Dam and Oman International Bank built.
- Oman Society for Fine Arts established.
1995 – Oman Oil and Gas Exhibition Centre established.
1996 – National Hospitality Institute headquartered in city.^{[citation needed]}
1998 – Bait al Zubair museum opens.

21st century

2001
- Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque built.
- Muscat Gate Museum opens.
- Population: 685,676 in governorate.
2006 – Bait Al Baranda (house museum) opened.
2010 – Al-Musannah Sports City opened.
2011
- Royal Opera House Muscat opened in Shati Al-Qurm.
2012 – Muscat Expressway built.
2013 – Fish souk rebuilt.
2018
- Swedish EDM producer Avicii died by suicide in Muscat.
- Population: 315,443 (estimate).
2020
- in January 2020, Haitham bin Tariq Al Said became the ruler of Oman after Sultan Qaboos died.
- NOC (No Objection Certificate) abolished amidst COVID-19.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Turner 2008.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Peterson 2007.
1 2 3 4 5 "Muscat". Oman (3rd ed.). Bradt Travel Guides. 2013. p. 71+. ISBN 978-1-84162-471-6.
↑ "Oman Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 24 August 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
↑ Bosworth 2007.
↑ "Oman". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
↑ Willem Floor. "Sea of Oman". Encyclopædia Iranica. New York: Columbia University, Center for Iranian Studies. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
↑ Malcolm C. Peck (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Gulf Arab States. USA: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6416-0.
↑ Watson 1996.
1 2 3 "Mascate". Oman (in French). Petit Futé. 2007. p. 81+. ISBN 978-2-7469-1641-8.
1 2 3 4 5 "About the Municipality: Brief History". Muscat Municipality. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
↑ Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1268, OL 6112221M
↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
1 2 3 4 5 "Oman". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
1 2 3 4 5 (Muscat, Oman), ArchNet, retrieved 30 April 2015
↑ "GCC Most Prominent Decisions (timeline)" (PDF). Qatar News Agency. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
↑ "About Us". Alwatan.com. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
↑ Oman 2010. The Report. London: Oxford Business Group. 2010. ISBN 978-1-907065-13-2.
↑ Agerholm, Harriet (26 April 2018). "Avicii death: Family reveals he 'could not go on any longer' and 'wanted to find peace'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
↑ "Table 8 – Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

Bibliography

Published in 18th-19th centuries

Carsten Niebuhr (1792). "Of the Province of Oman". Travels through Arabia. Translated by Robert Heron. Edinburgh: R. Morison and Son. hdl:2027/mdp.39015004297621. Maskat
William Milburn (1813), "Muscat", Oriental Commerce: containing a geographical description of the principal places in the East Indies, China, and Japan, London: Black, Parry & Co., hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t1hh6sn82, OCLC 6856418
Abraham Rees (1819), "Mascat", The Cyclopædia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/mdp.39015057241120
James Horsburgh (1852). "Arabia, N.E. Coast: Muscat". India Directory: Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America (6th ed.). London: William H. Allen & Co.
Grattan Geary (1878), "Muscat", Through Asiatic Turkey, London: S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, OCLC 4918876
Edward Balfour (1885), "Muscat", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch, hdl:2027/mdp.39015068611014

Published in 20th century

"Muscat", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t3bz6g65j
John Gordon Lorimer (1908). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Calcutta. pp. 1364–1425. hdl:2027/uc1.l0061307658.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Muscat", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776
Fred Scholz [in German] (1990). Muscat, Sultanat Oman: geographische Skizze einer einmaligen arabischen Stadt [Muscat, Sultanate of Oman: geographical sketch of a unique Arabian city] (in German). Berlin: Das arabische Buch. ISBN 978-3-923446-58-2.
Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Muscat". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. p. 529. ISBN 1884964036.
Abdelhamid Mahmoud Hussein Nasr (1997). Musqat asimat Oman (in Arabic). Irbid.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Published in 21st century

Clifford Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Muscat". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 417–419. ISBN 978-9004153882.
J.E. Peterson (2007). "Chronology". Historical Muscat. Brill. p. 117+. ISBN 978-90-04-15266-3.
Angie Turner (2008), "Muscat", in Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (eds.), Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, USA: ABC-CLIO, pp. 262–264, ISBN 9781576079195
J.E. Peterson (2014). "Muscat as a Port City". In Lawrence G. Potter (ed.). The Persian Gulf in Modern Times: People, Ports, and History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 153+. ISBN 978-1-137-48577-9.

External links

Map of Muscat, 1985
"(Muscat)". Qatar Digital Library. Qatar National Library.
Europeana. Items related to Muscat, various dates.

[FOOTNOTETurner2008-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Turner 2008.

[FOOTNOTEPeterson2007-2] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Peterson 2007.

[bradt2013-3] 1 2 3 4 5 "Muscat". Oman (3rd ed.). Bradt Travel Guides. 2013. p. 71+. ISBN 978-1-84162-471-6.

[bbc-chron-4] "Oman Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 24 August 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2015.

[FOOTNOTEBosworth2007-5] Bosworth 2007.

[statesman1921-6] "Oman". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.

[iranica-7] Willem Floor. "Sea of Oman". Encyclopædia Iranica. New York: Columbia University, Center for Iranian Studies. Retrieved 30 April 2015.

[Peck2007-8] Malcolm C. Peck (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Gulf Arab States. USA: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6416-0.

[FOOTNOTEWatson1996-9] Watson 1996.

[fute2007-10] 1 2 3 "Mascate". Oman (in French). Petit Futé. 2007. p. 81+. ISBN 978-2-7469-1641-8.

[municipality-11] 1 2 3 4 5 "About the Municipality: Brief History". Muscat Municipality. Retrieved 30 April 2015.

[seltzer1952-12] Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1268, OL 6112221M

[13] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[europa2004-14] 1 2 3 4 5 "Oman". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.

[archnet-15] 1 2 3 4 5 (Muscat, Oman), ArchNet, retrieved 30 April 2015

[16] "GCC Most Prominent Decisions (timeline)" (PDF). Qatar News Agency. Retrieved 30 April 2015.

[17] "About Us". Alwatan.com. Retrieved 30 April 2015.

[Group2010-18] Oman 2010. The Report. London: Oxford Business Group. 2010. ISBN 978-1-907065-13-2.

[:4-19] Agerholm, Harriet (26 April 2018). "Avicii death: Family reveals he 'could not go on any longer' and 'wanted to find peace'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2 February 2021.

[20] "Table 8 – Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

Timeline of Muscat

Prior to 20th century

20th century

21st century

See also

References

Bibliography

External links