UBE2Z

UBE2Z
Identifiers
Aliases	UBE2Z, USE1, HOYS7, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 Z
External IDs	OMIM: 611362; MGI: 1343160; GeneCards: UBE2Z
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	5A4P
Enzyme activity
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (human)
End	48,929,056 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)
End	95,956,214 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	islet of Langerhans; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; cartilage tissue; ; corpus epididymis; ; mucosa of ileum; ; smooth muscle tissue; ; beta cell; ; granulocyte; ; nipple; ; lymph node;
	Top expressed in
	choroid plexus of fourth ventricle; ; corneal stroma; ; saccule; ; ectoderm; ; otic placode; ; otic vesicle; ; Gonadal ridge; ; somite; ; endocardial cushion; ; lactiferous gland;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	transferase activity; nucleotide binding; protein binding; ATP binding; ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity; ubiquitin protein ligase binding; ubiquitin protein ligase activity; cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity;
Cellular component	nucleoplasm; cytoplasm; cytosol; nucleus;
Biological process	apoptotic process; protein ubiquitination; positive regulation of apoptotic process; ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; negative regulation of endopeptidase activity; negative regulation of apoptotic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Databases	NCBI: entry; OMA: entry
	65264
	268470
	ENSG00000159202
	ENSMUSG00000014349
	Q9H832
	Q3UE37
	NM_023079
	NM_172300
	NP_075567
	NP_758504
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 Z (UBE2Z), also known as UBA6-specific E2 enzyme 1 (USE1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UBE2Z gene on chromosome 17. It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types. UBE2Z is an E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme and participates in the second step of protein ubiquitination during proteolysis. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed the UBE2Z gene to be associated with chronic kidney disease. The UBE2Z gene also contains one of 27 SNPs associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease.

Structure

Gene

The UBE2Z gene resides on chromosome 17 at the band 17q21.32 and contains 7 exons. This gene produces 2 isoforms through alternative splicing. The UBE2Z cDNA spans a length of 3,054 base pairs.

Protein

This protein belongs to the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme family and is one of the E2 enzymes. UBE2Z spans 246 amino acids, 150 of which encode a conserved 16–18 kDa ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 domain (UBC domain) that is located at the enzyme's N-terminal and responsible for the enzyme's catalytic function. This UBC domain has a relatively inflexible β-sheet structure with flanking helices and contains a highly conserved cysteine residue, Cys80, which functions as an active site for the thiol ester formation with ubiquitin. UBE2Z also contains a C-terminal extension, suggested to participate in substrate binding, which is characteristic of a class II E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme.

Function

The UBE2Z gene is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, and its expression is relatively high in placenta, pancreas, spleen and testis. Notably, its expression in cancer tissues is much higher than in relevant normal tissues, especially in kidney, lymph node, colon and ovary cancer. As an E2 member of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family, UBE2Z mainly participates in the second step of protein ubiquitination, which is a major component of protein degradation machinery. Specifically, UBE2Z receives ubiquitin (Ub) from ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), mediates the transfer of Ub from E2 to substrate, directly or indirectly with the help of ligase enzyme (E3), which interacts with the substrate and E2-Ub complex. UBE2Z could only be charged by Ub or FAT10 from UBA6 instead of UBA1, distinguishing it from other E2s.

Clinical significance

A study in genetic variants that regulate lipid metabolism and determine the susceptibility to dyslipidemia in Japanese individuals revealed that UBE2Z, together with ZPR1 and Interleukin-6R, may be important loci for hypertriglyceridemia. Moreover, in a GWAS among 2247 Japanese individuals, 29 polymorphisms that were previously identified as susceptible loci for coronary artery disease were investigated to identify a correlation of these loci to chronic kidney disease. This GWAS meta-analysis revealed through a chi-square test that rs46522 on the UBE2Z gene was significantly related to chronic kidney disease.

Clinical marker

A multi-locus genetic risk score study based on a combination of 27 loci, including the UBE2Z gene, identified individuals at increased risk for both incident and recurrent coronary artery disease events, as well as an enhanced clinical benefit from statin therapy. The study was based on a community cohort study (the Malmo Diet and Cancer study) and four additional randomized controlled trials of primary prevention cohorts (JUPITER and ASCOT) and secondary prevention cohorts (CARE and PROVE IT-TIMI 22).

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000159202 – Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000014349 – Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1 2 "UBE2Z ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 Z [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
↑ Bialas J, Groettrup M, Aichem A (1 January 2015). "Conjugation of the ubiquitin activating enzyme UBE1 with the ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 targets it for proteasomal degradation". PLOS ONE. 10 (3) e0120329. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1020329B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120329. PMC 4359146. PMID 25768649.
↑ "BioGPS - your Gene Portal System". biogps.org. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
1 2 Baarends WM, Roest HP, Grootegoed JA (May 1999). "The ubiquitin system in gametogenesis". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 151 (1–2): 5–16. doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(99)00060-x. PMID 10411315. S2CID 8632308.
1 2 3 Horibe H, Fujimaki T, Oguri M, Kato K, Matsuoka R, Abe S, Tokoro F, Arai M, Noda T, Watanabe S, Yamada Y (April 2015). "Association of a polymorphism of the interleukin 6 receptor gene with chronic kidney disease in Japanese individuals". Nephrology. 20 (4): 273–8. doi:10.1111/nep.12381. PMID 25524550. S2CID 11292241.
1 2 Mega JL, Stitziel NO, Smith JG, Chasman DI, Caulfield MJ, Devlin JJ, Nordio F, Hyde CL, Cannon CP, Sacks FM, Poulter NR, Sever PS, Ridker PM, Braunwald E, Melander O, Kathiresan S, Sabatine MS (June 2015). "Genetic risk, coronary heart disease events, and the clinical benefit of statin therapy: an analysis of primary and secondary prevention trials". Lancet. 385 (9984): 2264–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61730-X. PMC 4608367. PMID 25748612.
1 2 "UBE2Z - Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 Z - Homo sapiens (Human) - UBE2Z gene & protein". UniProt. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
1 2 3 Gu X, Zhao F, Zheng M, Fei X, Chen X, Huang S, Xie Y, Mao Y (September 2007). "Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding the human putative ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2Z (UBE2Z)". Molecular Biology Reports. 34 (3): 183–8. doi:10.1007/s11033-006-9033-7. PMID 17160626. S2CID 27210618.
↑ Jin J, Li X, Gygi SP, Harper JW (June 2007). "Dual E1 activation systems for ubiquitin differentially regulate E2 enzyme charging". Nature. 447 (7148): 1135–8. Bibcode:2007Natur.447.1135J. doi:10.1038/nature05902. PMID 17597759. S2CID 4337767.
↑ Aichem A, Pelzer C, Lukasiak S, Kalveram B, Sheppard PW, Rani N, Schmidtke G, Groettrup M (4 May 2010). "USE1 is a bispecific conjugating enzyme for ubiquitin and FAT10, which FAT10ylates itself in cis". Nature Communications. 1 (2) 13. Bibcode:2010NatCo...1...13A. doi:10.1038/ncomms1012. PMID 20975683.
↑ Abe S, Tokoro F, Matsuoka R, Arai M, Noda T, Watanabe S, Horibe H, Fujimaki T, Oguri M, Kato K, Minatoguchi S, Yamada Y (October 2015). "Association of genetic variants with dyslipidemia". Molecular Medicine Reports. 12 (4): 5429–36. doi:10.3892/mmr.2015.4081. PMID 26238946.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000159202 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000014349 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[:0-5] 1 2 "UBE2Z ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 Z [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 10 October 2016.

[6] Bialas J, Groettrup M, Aichem A (1 January 2015). "Conjugation of the ubiquitin activating enzyme UBE1 with the ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 targets it for proteasomal degradation". PLOS ONE. 10 (3) e0120329. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1020329B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120329. PMC 4359146. PMID 25768649.

[7] "BioGPS - your Gene Portal System". biogps.org. Retrieved 10 October 2016.

[pmid10411315-8] 1 2 Baarends WM, Roest HP, Grootegoed JA (May 1999). "The ubiquitin system in gametogenesis". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 151 (1–2): 5–16. doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(99)00060-x. PMID 10411315. S2CID 8632308.

[Horibe_2015-9] 1 2 3 Horibe H, Fujimaki T, Oguri M, Kato K, Matsuoka R, Abe S, Tokoro F, Arai M, Noda T, Watanabe S, Yamada Y (April 2015). "Association of a polymorphism of the interleukin 6 receptor gene with chronic kidney disease in Japanese individuals". Nephrology. 20 (4): 273–8. doi:10.1111/nep.12381. PMID 25524550. S2CID 11292241.

[ReferenceA-10] 1 2 Mega JL, Stitziel NO, Smith JG, Chasman DI, Caulfield MJ, Devlin JJ, Nordio F, Hyde CL, Cannon CP, Sacks FM, Poulter NR, Sever PS, Ridker PM, Braunwald E, Melander O, Kathiresan S, Sabatine MS (June 2015). "Genetic risk, coronary heart disease events, and the clinical benefit of statin therapy: an analysis of primary and secondary prevention trials". Lancet. 385 (9984): 2264–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61730-X. PMC 4608367. PMID 25748612.

[UniProt-11] 1 2 "UBE2Z - Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 Z - Homo sapiens (Human) - UBE2Z gene & protein". UniProt. Retrieved 10 October 2016.

[Gu_2007-12] 1 2 3 Gu X, Zhao F, Zheng M, Fei X, Chen X, Huang S, Xie Y, Mao Y (September 2007). "Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding the human putative ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2Z (UBE2Z)". Molecular Biology Reports. 34 (3): 183–8. doi:10.1007/s11033-006-9033-7. PMID 17160626. S2CID 27210618.

[pmid17597759-13] Jin J, Li X, Gygi SP, Harper JW (June 2007). "Dual E1 activation systems for ubiquitin differentially regulate E2 enzyme charging". Nature. 447 (7148): 1135–8. Bibcode:2007Natur.447.1135J. doi:10.1038/nature05902. PMID 17597759. S2CID 4337767.

[pmid20975683-14] Aichem A, Pelzer C, Lukasiak S, Kalveram B, Sheppard PW, Rani N, Schmidtke G, Groettrup M (4 May 2010). "USE1 is a bispecific conjugating enzyme for ubiquitin and FAT10, which FAT10ylates itself in cis". Nature Communications. 1 (2) 13. Bibcode:2010NatCo...1...13A. doi:10.1038/ncomms1012. PMID 20975683.

[15] Abe S, Tokoro F, Matsuoka R, Arai M, Noda T, Watanabe S, Horibe H, Fujimaki T, Oguri M, Kato K, Minatoguchi S, Yamada Y (October 2015). "Association of genetic variants with dyslipidemia". Molecular Medicine Reports. 12 (4): 5429–36. doi:10.3892/mmr.2015.4081. PMID 26238946.