Utian languages

Utian
Miwok–Costanoan, Miwok–Ohlone, Mutsun
Geographic
distribution		California
Linguistic classificationYok-Utian ?
  • Utian
Subdivisions
Language codes
Glottologmiwo1274
Pre-contact distribution of Utian languages
Pre-contact distribution of Utian languages

Utian (also Miwok–Costanoan, Miwok–Ohlone or formerly Mutsun) is a family of Indigenous languages spoken in Northern California, United States. The Miwok and Ohlone peoples both spoke languages of the Utian language family. It has been argued that the Utian languages and Yokuts languages are sub-families of the Yok-Utian language family. Utian and Yokutsan have traditionally been considered part of the Penutian language phylum.

All Utian languages are severely endangered, extinct or revitalizing.

Languages

The Miwok classification below is based on Mithun (1999), while the Ohlone classification below is based primarily on Callaghan (2001). Other classifications of Ohlone list Northern Costanoan, Southern Costanoan, and Karkin as single languages, with the following subgroups of each considered as dialects:

See also

References

Bibliography

  • Callaghan, Catherine (1997). "Evidence for Yok-Utian". International Journal of American Linguistics. 63 (1): 18–64. JSTOR 1265864.
  • Callaghan, Catherine (2001). "More Evidence for Yok-Utian: A Reanalysis of the Dixon and Kroeber Sets". International Journal of American Linguistics. 67 (3): 313–345. JSTOR 1265989.
  • Callaghan, Catherine (2014). Proto-Utian Grammar and Dictionary: with notes on Yokuts. Trends in Linguistics Documentation. Vol. 31. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. doi:10.1515/9783110276770.
  • Goddard, Ives (1996). Goddard, Ives (ed.). "The Classification of the Native Languages of North America". Languages. Handbook of North American Indians. 17. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution: 290–324. ISBN 0-16-048774-9.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
  • Golla, Victor (2007). Jones, Terry L.; Klar, Kathryn A. (eds.). "Linguistic Prehistory". California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity. New York: Altamira Press: 71–82. ISBN 978-0-7591-0872-1.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
  • Mithun, Marianne (1999). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7.
  • Shipley, William F. (1978). "Native Languages of California". Handbook of North American Indians. 8.
(California). William C. Sturtevant, and Robert F. Heizer, eds. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-004578-9 / 0160045754, pages 80–90.