Isotopes of vanadium

Isotopes of vanadium (23V)
Main isotopes Decay
Isotope abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
48V synth 15.97 d β+ 48Ti
49V synth 330 d ε 49Ti
50V 0.25% 2.71×1017 y β+ 50Ti
51V 99.8% stable
Standard atomic weight Ar°(V)
  • 50.9415±0.0001
  • 50.942±0.001 (abridged)

Naturally occurring vanadium (23V) is composed of one stable isotope, 51V, and one radioactive isotope, 50V, with a half-life of 2.71×1017 years. Twenty-five artificial radioisotopes have been characterized, ranging from 43V to 68V. The most stable of these are 49V with a half-life of 330 days and 48V with a half-life of 15.9735 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives shorter than an hour, with the majority of them below 10 seconds. Seven metastable excited states have also been observed, two of which are for 60V.

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope 51V is electron capture or positron emission resulting in titanium isotopes; that after the beta decay to chromium isotopes.

List of isotopes


Nuclide
 Z N Isotopic mass (Da)
 Discovery
year		 Half-life
 Decay
mode
 Daughter
isotope
 Spin and
parity
 Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Excitation energy Normal proportion Range of variation
43V 23 20 42.980766(46) 1987 79.3(24) ms β+ (>97.5%) 43Ti 7/2−#
β+, p (<2.5%) 42Sc
44V 23 21 43.9744410(78) 1971 111(7) ms β+ 44Ti (2)+
β+, α (?%) 40Ca
44mV 271(9) keV 1994 150(3) ms β+ 44Ti (6)+
45V 23 22 44.96576850(93) 1974 547(6) ms β+ 45Ti 7/2−
45mV 56.8(6) keV 1980 512(13) ns IT 45V (3/2−)
46V 23 23 45.96019739(14) 1952 422.62(5) ms β+ 46Ti 0+
46mV 801.46(10) keV 1962 1.02(7) ms IT 46V 3+
47V 23 24 46.95490356(12) 1942 32.6(3) min β+ 47Ti 3/2−
48V 23 25 47.9522509(10) 1937 15.9735(25) d β+ 48Ti 4+
49V 23 26 48.94851051(88) 1940 330(15) d EC 49Ti 7/2−
50V 23 27 49.947156681(99) 1949 2.71(13)×1017 y β+ 50Ti 6+ 0.00250(10)
51V 23 28 50.94395766(10) 1923 Stable 7/2− 0.99750(10)
52V 23 29 51.94477364(17) 1934 3.743(5) min β− 52Cr 3+
53V 23 30 52.9443349(33) 1960 1.543(14) min β− 53Cr 7/2−
54V 23 31 53.946432(12) 1970 49.8(5) s β− 54Cr 3+
54mV 108.0(10) keV 1998 900(500) ns IT 54V (5)+
55V 23 32 54.947262(29) 1977 6.54(15) s β− 55Cr 7/2−#
56V 23 33 55.95042(19) 1980 216(4) ms β− 56Cr (1+)
57V 23 34 56.952297(91) 1980 350(10) ms β− 57Cr (7/2−)
58V 23 35 57.95660(10) 1980 191(10) ms β− 58Cr (1+)
59V 23 36 58.95962(15) 1985 95(6) ms β− (<97%) 59Cr (5/2−)
β−, n (>3%) 58Cr
60V 23 37 59.96448(20) 1985 122(18) ms β− (>99.9%) 60Cr 3+#
60m1V 0(150)# keV 2003 40(15) ms β− 60Cr 1+#
60m2V 203.7(7) keV 2010 230(24) ns IT 60V (4+)
61V 23 38 60.96760(25) 1992 48.2(6) ms β− (85.5%) 61Cr (3/2−)
β−, n (14.5%) 60Cr
62V 23 39 61.97293(28) 1997 33.6(23) ms β− 62Cr 3+#
63V 23 40 62.97666(37) 1997 19.6(9) ms β− (<65%) 63Cr (3/2−,5/2−)
β−, n (>35%) 62Cr
64V 23 41 63.98248(43)# 1997 15(2) ms β− 64Cr (1,2)
64mV 81.0(7) keV 2014 <1 μs IT 64V
65V 23 42 64.98700(54)# 2009 14# ms
[>620 ns]		 5/2−#
66V 23 43 65.99324(54)# 2009 10# ms
[>620 ns]
67V 23 44 66.99813(64)# 2013 8# ms
[>620 ns]		 5/2−#
68V 23 45 2025
This table header & footer:
  1. ↑ mV – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. ↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. ↑ Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.
  5. 1 2 3 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  6. ↑ Modes of decay:
    EC:Electron capture
    IT:Isomeric transition
    p:Proton emission
  7. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  8. ↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  9. ↑ Primordial radionuclide
  10. ↑ Theoretically capable of β− decay to 50Cr; the most recent measurement suggests a branching ratio of 0.7%.
  11. ↑ See also Vanadium-51 nuclear magnetic resonance
  12. ↑ Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.

See also

Daughter products other than vanadium

References

  1. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Vanadium". CIAAW. 1977.
  2. ↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. ↑ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
  4. ↑ FRIB Nuclear Data Group. "Discovery of Nuclides Project, Isotope Database". doi:10.11578/frib/2279152.
  5. ↑ FRIB Nuclear Data Group. "Discovery of Nuclides Project, Isomer Database". doi:10.11578/frib/2572219.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  7. ↑ Laubenstein, M.; Lehnert, B.; Nagorny, S. S.; Nisi, S.; Zuber, K. (5 April 2019). "New investigation of half-lives for the decay modes of 50V". Physical Review C. 99 (4) 045501. arXiv:1812.04745. Bibcode:2019PhRvC..99d5501L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.99.045501.
  8. ↑ Tarasov, O. B.; Sherrill, B. M.; Dombos, A. C.; Fukushima, K.; Gade, A.; Haak, K.; Hausmann, M.; Kahl, D.; Kaloyanov, D.; Kwan, E.; Matthews, H. K.; Ostroumov, P. N.; Portillo, M.; Richardson, I.; Smith, M. K.; Watters, S. (4 September 2025). "Discovery of new isotopes in the fragmentation of Se 82 and insights into their production". Physical Review C. 112 (3) 034604. doi:10.1103/573p-7fjp.