Karl Schäfer Memorial

Karl Schäfer Memorial
Karl Schäfer Memorial
Status	Defunct
Genre	International competition
Frequency	Annual
Location	Vienna
Country	Austria
Years active	1974–2008

The Karl Schäfer Memorial (also known as the Asko Cup, Vienna Cup, and Vienna Trophy) was an annual figure skating competition held in Vienna, Austria. The competition was named in honor of Karl Schäfer, an Austrian skater who was a two-time Winter Olympic gold medalist (in 1932 and 1936), seven-time world champion (1930–1936), eight-time European champion (1929–1936), and seven-time Austrian national champion (1929–1934, 1936). Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance, although each discipline may not have necessarily been held every year.

The 1997 Karl Schäfer Memorial served as the final qualifying event for the 1998 Winter Olympics.

Medalists

Men's singles

Men's event medalists
Year	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1974–77	No men's competitions
1978	Brian Boitano	Mitsuru Matsumura	Helmut Kristofics-Binder
1979	Brian Orser	Christopher Howarth	Vladimir Rashchiotnov
1980	Falko Kirsten	Leonid Kaznakov	Neil Paterson
1981	Norbert Schramm	Kevin Parker	Ivan Králík
1982–84	No men's competitions
1985	Daniel Doran	Andrei Torosian	Thomas Wieser
1986	Michael Slipchuk	Nils Köpp	András Száraz
1987	Rudy Galindo	Matthew Hall	Yuriy Tsymbalyuk
1988	Vyacheslav Zahorodnyuk	Rico Krahnert	Mark Mitchell
1989	Vyacheslav Zahorodnyuk	Elvis Stojko	Ronny Winkler
1990	No competition held
1991	Dmytro Dmytrenko	Shepherd Clark	Henrik Walentin
1992	Dmytro Dmytrenko	Igor Pashkevich	Konstantin Kostin
1993	Michael Chack	Zsolt Kerekes	Besarion Tsintsadze
1994	Rudy Galindo	Zsolt Kerekes	Ilia Kulik
1995	Daniel Hollander	Patrick Meier	Roman Ekimov
1996	Szabolcs Vidrai	Ivan Dinev	Damon Allen
1997	Daniel Hollander	Anthony Liu	Ivan Dinev
1998	Anthony Liu	Trifun Živanović	Sven Meyer
1999	Vincent Restencourt	Andrejs Vlaščenko	Justin Dillon
2000	Vakhtang Murvanidze	Jeffrey Langdon	Derrick Delmore
2001	Sergei Davydov	Vakhtang Murvanidze	Jeffrey Buttle
2002	Stanislav Timchenko	Frédéric Dambier	Trifun Živanović
2003	Frédéric Dambier	Scott Smith	Nicholas Young
2004	Andrei Lezin	Stanick Jeannette	Nicholas Young
2005	Tomáš Verner	Gregor Urbas	Vakhtang Murvanidze
2006	Andrei Lutai	Tomáš Verner	Kristoffer Berntsson
2007	No competition held
2008	Nobunari Oda	Samuel Contesti	Tomáš Verner

Women's singles

Women's event medalists
Year	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1974	Susanna Driano	Sylvia Fontaine	Susan McDonald
1975	Heather Kemkaran	Isabel de Navarre	Sonja Balun
1976	Dagmar Lurz	Emi Watanabe	Susan Broman
1977	Claudia Kristofics-Binder	Cindy Perpich	Susan McDonald
1978	Claudia Kristofics-Binder	Emi Watanabe	Alicia Risberg
1979	Marina Ignatova	Sonja Stanek	Tracey Wainman
1980	Katarina Witt	Andrea Rohm	Cornelia Tesch
1981	Maria Causey	Diane Ogibowski	Myriam Oberwiler
1982	Rosanna Tovi	Melissa Thomas	Natalia Lebedeva
1983	Leslie Sikes	Maradith Feinberg	Natalia Ovchinnikova
1984	Nathalie Sasseville	Marina Tveretinova	Ingrid Karl
1985	Marina Tveretinova	Sara MacInnes	Simone Lang
1986	Tamara Téglássy	Stéfanie Schmid	Iveta Voralová
1987	Natalia Gorbenko	Holly Cook	Katrien Pauwels
1988	Nancy Kerrigan	Evelyn Großmann	Tamara Téglássy
1989	Josée Chouinard	Tanja Krienke	Holly Cook
1990	No competition held
1991	Nicole Bobek	Tanya Bingert	Kateřina Beránková
1992	Tatiana Rachkova	Nancy Lemieux	Yvonne Pokorny
1993	Krisztina Czakó	Tanja Szewczenko	Olga Markova
1994	Zuzanna Szwed	Krisztina Czakó	Maria Butyrskaya
1995	Krisztina Czakó	Julia Lautowa	Júlia Sebestyén
1996	Julia Lautowa	Anna Rechnio	Amber Corwin
1997	Chen Lu	Tonia Kwiatkowski	Julia Vorobieva
1998	Laëtitia Hubert	Amber Corwin	Zuzana Paurová
1999	Sarah Hughes	Krisztina Czakó	Júlia Sebestyén
2000	Julia Soldatova	Deanna Stellato	Sabina Wojtala
2001	Vanessa Gusméroli	Júlia Sebestyén	Iryna Lukianenko
2002	Galina Maniachenko	Miriam Manzano	Sabina Wojtala
2003	Julia Lautowa	Diána Póth	Lucie Krausová
2004	Viktoria Volchkova	Diána Póth	Joanne Carter
2005	Liu Yan	Kim Yong-suk	Fleur Maxwell
2006	Elene Gedevanishvili	Danielle Kahle	Radka Bártová
2007	No competition held
2008	Carolina Kostner	Jelena Glebova	Annette Dytrt

Pairs

Pairs' event medalists
Year	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1974–95	No pairs competitions
1996	Kyoko Ina Jason Dungjen	Olga Semkina Andrei Chuvilaev	Samantha Marchant Chad Hawse
1997	Olena Bilousivska Stanislav Morozov	Danielle Hartsell Steve Hartsell	Kateřina Beránková Otto Dlabola
1998	Danielle Hartsell Steve Hartsell	Kateřina Beránková Otto Dlabola	Oľga Beständigová Jozef Beständig
1999	No pairs competition
2000	Laura Handy Jonathon Hunt	Tiffany Scott Philip Dulebohn	Sabrina Lefrançois Jérôme Blanchard
2001–04	No pairs competitions
2005	Tatiana Volosozhar Stanislav Morozov	Anabelle Langlois Cody Hay	Tiffany Vise Derek Trent
2006	No pairs competition
2007	No competition held
2008	No pairs competition

Ice dance

Ice dance event medalists
Year	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1974	No ice dance competition
1975	Ewa Kołodziej Tadeusz Góra	Pauline Gee Richard Morris	Susi Handschmann Peter Handschmann
1976	Susi Handschmann Peter Handschmann	Denise Best David Dagnell	Claudia Koch Roland Schranz
1977–86	No ice dance competitions
1987	Natalia Annenko Genrikh Sretenski	Kathrin Beck Christoff Beck	Corinne Paliard Didier Courtois
1988	Larisa Fedorinova Evgeni Platov	Krisztina Kerekes Csaba Szentpétery	Jodi Balogh Jerod Swallow
1989	Ludmila Berezova Vladimir Fedorov	Monika Mandiková Oliver Pekar	Penny Mann Richard Perkins
1990	No competition held
1991	Amy Webster Leif Erickson	Pascale Vrot David Quinsac	Isabelle Labossière Mitchell Gould
1992	Dara Bailey Rock Lemay	Olga Pershankova Peter Tchernyshev	Elena Grushina Ruslan Honcharov
1993	Agnieszka Domańska Marcin Głowacki	Nathalie Gillet Oliver Lores	Marie James Philip Askew
1994	Michelle Fitzgerald Vincent Kyle	Agnès Jacquemard Alexis Gayet	Barbara Fusar-Poli Maurizio Margaglio
1995	Iwona Filipowicz Michał Szumski	Barbara Piton Alexandre Piton	Allison MacLean Konrad Schaub
1996	Olga Sharutenko Dmitri Naumkin	Dominique Deniaud Martial Jaffredo	Anne Chaigneau Olivier Chapuis
1997	Tatiana Navka Nikolai Morozov	Ekaterina Davydova Roman Kostomarov	Galit Chait Sergei Sakhnovski
1998	Albena Denkova Maxim Staviski	Alia Ouabdelsselam Benjamin Delmas	Angelika Führing Bruno Ellinger
1999	Julie Keeble Łukasz Zalewski	Aleksandra Kauc Filip Bernadowski	Kateřina Kovalová David Szurman
2000	No ice dance competition
2001	Sylwia Nowak Sebastian Kolasiński	Federica Faiella Massimo Scali	Alla Beknazarova Yuriy Kocherzhenko
2002	Marika Humphreys Vitaliy Baranov	Emilie Nussear Mathew Gates	Natalia Gudina Alexei Beletski
2003	Anastasia Grebenkina Vazgen Azrojan	Sinead Kerr John Kerr	Hilary Gibbons Justin Pekarek
2004	No ice dance competition
2005	Margarita Drobiazko Povilas Vanagas	Kristin Fraser Igor Lukanin	Christina Beier William Beier
2006	Oksana Domnina Maxim Shabalin	Anastasia Platonova Andrei Maximishin	Kimberly Navarro Brent Bommentre
2007	No competition held
2008	Pernelle Carron Matthieu Jost	Lynn Kriengkrairut Logan Giulietti-Schmitt	Charlotte Maxwell Nick Traxler

References

↑ Stolberg-Wernigerode, Otto (2005). Neue deutsche Biographie [New German Biography] (in German). Vol. 22: Rohmer–Schinkel. Berlin: Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. pp. 508–509. ISBN 3-428-11203-2. Seinen 1929 errungenen Titel als Europameister konnte S. bis 1936 verteidigen. In diesem Zeitraum war er auch österr. Meister. 1930–36 errang er sieben Weltmeistertitel, bei den Olympischen Spielen 1932 in Lake Placid und 1936 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen gewann er die Goldmedaille. [Schäfer was able to defend the European Championship title he won in 1929 until 1936. During this period, he was also the Austrian Champion. Between 1930 and 1936, he won seven World Championship titles; he won gold medals at the Olympic Games at Lake Placid in 1932 and at Garmisch-Partenkirchen in 1936.]
↑ "Bécs" [Vienna]. Új Néplap (in Hungarian). 20 October 1997. p. 9. Retrieved 3 June 2026 – via Arcanum Newspapers. A nőknél is hirdettek végeredményt a Karl Schäferműkorcsolya-emlékversenyen, amely egyben kvalifikáló viadal is a naganói téliolimpiára. [The women's final results were also announced at the Karl Schäfer Memorial figure skating competition, which is also a qualifying competition for the Nagano Winter Olympics.]
↑ "Karl Schaefer Memorial". Ice Skating International. Archived from the original on 31 May 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Historical Results From The Karl Schäfer Memorial (Vienna Cup)". Skate Guard Blog. 12 December 2025. Retrieved 15 July 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
1 2 "Asko, Cup of Vienna" (PDF). Skating. Vol. 58, no. 10. December 1981. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2025. Retrieved 1 June 2026.
1 2 "Asko Cup" (PDF). Skating. Vol. 62, no. 9. November 1985. p. 30. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2026. Retrieved 1 June 2026.
1 2 "Téglássy megnyerte" [Téglássy won]. Népsport (in Hungarian). Vol. XLII, no. 227. 20 September 1986. p. 4. Retrieved 3 June 2026 – via Arcanum Newspapers.
1 2 3 "Karl Schäfer Gedächtnislaufen" (PDF). Skating. Vol. 64, no. 9. November 1987. p. 30. Retrieved 1 June 2026.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
1 2 3 "Két érem bécsben" [Two medals in Vienna]. Népsport (in Hungarian). Vol. XLIV, no. 245. 14 October 1988. p. 5. Retrieved 3 June 2026 – via Arcanum Newspapers.
1 2 3 "Karl Schäfer Memorial" (PDF). Skating. Vol. 66, no. 9. November 1989. p. 39. Retrieved 1 June 2026.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
1 2 3 "Ice Abroad: The Vienna Cup" (PDF). Skating. Vol. 68, no. 10. December 1991. p. 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2025. Retrieved 4 June 2026.
1 2 3 "Ice Abroad" (PDF). Skating. Vol. 69, no. 10. December 1992. p. 31. Retrieved 3 June 2026.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
1 2 3 "Vienna Cup" (PDF). Skating. November 1993. p. 15. Retrieved 3 June 2026.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
1 2 3 "Vienna Cup" (PDF). Skating. November 1994. p. 13. Retrieved 3 June 2026.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
1 2 3 "Vienna Cup" (PDF). Skating. November 1995. p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2025. Retrieved 3 June 2026.
1 2 3 4 "Competition: Vienna Cup" (PDF). Skating. December 1996. p. 31. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 May 2026. Retrieved 4 June 2026.
1 2 3 4 "1997 Karl Schäfer Memorial (Vienna Cup)". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
1 2 3 "1998 Karl Schäfer Memorial (Vienna Cup)". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
1 2 3 4 "1999 Karl Schafer Memorial (Vienna Cup)". U.S. Figure Skating. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
1 2 3 4 "2000 Karl Schäfer Memorial". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
1 2 3 "2001 Karl Schäfer Memorial". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 25 June 2007. Retrieved 25 June 2007.
1 2 3 "2002 Karl-Schäfer-Memorial". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
1 2 3 "Karl Schäfer Memorial 2003". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
1 2 3 "2004 Karl Schaefer Memorial". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 29 September 2007.
1 2 3 4 "Karl Schaefer Memorial 2005". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 25 June 2007. Retrieved 25 June 2007.
1 2 3 4 "2006 Karl Schäfer Memorial". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 25 December 2007. Retrieved 25 December 2007.
1 2 3 4 "2008 Karl Schäfer Memorial". Tracings. Archived from the original on 11 April 2026. Retrieved 3 June 2026.
↑ "Vancouver skater dazzling". The Vancouver Sun. Vol. 88, no. 277. 30 September 1974. p. 28. Retrieved 1 June 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ "Kurz berichtet" [In brief]. Neues Deutschland (in German). 19 September 1977. p. 7. Retrieved 3 June 2026 – via Arcanum Newspapers.
↑ "Asko, Cup of Vienna" (PDF). Skating. November 1982. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 May 2025. Retrieved 1 June 2026.
↑ "Asko, Cup of Vienna" (PDF). Skating. Vol. 60, no. 9. November 1983. p. 27. Retrieved 1 June 2026.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
↑ "Asko, Cup of Vienna" (PDF). Skating. Vol. 61, no. 10. December 1984. p. 61. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 April 2025. Retrieved 1 June 2026.
↑ "Karl Schafer Memorial 1998 (Vienna Cup)". U.S. Figure Skating. Archived from the original on 16 March 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
↑ "Canadian places 14th". The Province. 28 September 1974. p. 16. Retrieved 1 June 2026 – via Newspapers.com. A total of 20 skaters are entered in the competition, for woman [sic] only.
↑ "Sukces polskiej pary" [Success for the Polish pair]. Trybuna Ludu (in Polish). No. 227. 1 October 1975. p. 10. Retrieved 3 June 2026 – via Arcanum Newspapers.

[1] Stolberg-Wernigerode, Otto (2005). Neue deutsche Biographie [New German Biography] (in German). Vol. 22: Rohmer–Schinkel. Berlin: Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. pp. 508–509. ISBN 3-428-11203-2. Seinen 1929 errungenen Titel als Europameister konnte S. bis 1936 verteidigen. In diesem Zeitraum war er auch österr. Meister. 1930–36 errang er sieben Weltmeistertitel, bei den Olympischen Spielen 1932 in Lake Placid und 1936 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen gewann er die Goldmedaille. [Schäfer was able to defend the European Championship title he won in 1929 until 1936. During this period, he was also the Austrian Champion. Between 1930 and 1936, he won seven World Championship titles; he won gold medals at the Olympic Games at Lake Placid in 1932 and at Garmisch-Partenkirchen in 1936.]

[UN10201997-2] "Bécs" [Vienna]. Új Néplap (in Hungarian). 20 October 1997. p. 9. Retrieved 3 June 2026 – via Arcanum Newspapers. A nőknél is hirdettek végeredményt a Karl Schäferműkorcsolya-emlékversenyen, amely egyben kvalifikáló viadal is a naganói téliolimpiára. [The women's final results were also announced at the Karl Schäfer Memorial figure skating competition, which is also a qualifying competition for the Nagano Winter Olympics.]

[3] "Karl Schaefer Memorial". Ice Skating International. Archived from the original on 31 May 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.

[SkateGuard-4] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Historical Results From The Karl Schäfer Memorial (Vienna Cup)". Skate Guard Blog. 12 December 2025. Retrieved 15 July 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[COV1981-5] 1 2 "Asko, Cup of Vienna" (PDF). Skating. Vol. 58, no. 10. December 1981. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2025. Retrieved 1 June 2026.

[AC1985-6] 1 2 "Asko Cup" (PDF). Skating. Vol. 62, no. 9. November 1985. p. 30. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2026. Retrieved 1 June 2026.

[Nepsport09201986-7] 1 2 "Téglássy megnyerte" [Téglássy won]. Népsport (in Hungarian). Vol. XLII, no. 227. 20 September 1986. p. 4. Retrieved 3 June 2026 – via Arcanum Newspapers.

[KS1987-8] 1 2 3 "Karl Schäfer Gedächtnislaufen" (PDF). Skating. Vol. 64, no. 9. November 1987. p. 30. Retrieved 1 June 2026.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[Nepsport10141988-9] 1 2 3 "Két érem bécsben" [Two medals in Vienna]. Népsport (in Hungarian). Vol. XLIV, no. 245. 14 October 1988. p. 5. Retrieved 3 June 2026 – via Arcanum Newspapers.

[KS1989-10] 1 2 3 "Karl Schäfer Memorial" (PDF). Skating. Vol. 66, no. 9. November 1989. p. 39. Retrieved 1 June 2026.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[VC1991-11] 1 2 3 "Ice Abroad: The Vienna Cup" (PDF). Skating. Vol. 68, no. 10. December 1991. p. 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2025. Retrieved 4 June 2026.

[KS1992-12] 1 2 3 "Ice Abroad" (PDF). Skating. Vol. 69, no. 10. December 1992. p. 31. Retrieved 3 June 2026.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[KS1993-13] 1 2 3 "Vienna Cup" (PDF). Skating. November 1993. p. 15. Retrieved 3 June 2026.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[KS1994-14] 1 2 3 "Vienna Cup" (PDF). Skating. November 1994. p. 13. Retrieved 3 June 2026.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[KS1995-15] 1 2 3 "Vienna Cup" (PDF). Skating. November 1995. p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2025. Retrieved 3 June 2026.

[KS1996-16] 1 2 3 4 "Competition: Vienna Cup" (PDF). Skating. December 1996. p. 31. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 May 2026. Retrieved 4 June 2026.

[KSM1997-17] 1 2 3 4 "1997 Karl Schäfer Memorial (Vienna Cup)". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2008.

[KSM1998-18] 1 2 3 "1998 Karl Schäfer Memorial (Vienna Cup)". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2008.

[KSM1999-19] 1 2 3 4 "1999 Karl Schafer Memorial (Vienna Cup)". U.S. Figure Skating. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 24 January 2010.

[KSM2000-20] 1 2 3 4 "2000 Karl Schäfer Memorial". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2012.

[KMC2001-21] 1 2 3 "2001 Karl Schäfer Memorial". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 25 June 2007. Retrieved 25 June 2007.

[KSM2002-22] 1 2 3 "2002 Karl-Schäfer-Memorial". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2012.

[KSM2003-23] 1 2 3 "Karl Schäfer Memorial 2003". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2012.

[KSM2004-24] 1 2 3 "2004 Karl Schaefer Memorial". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 29 September 2007.

[KSM2005-25] 1 2 3 4 "Karl Schaefer Memorial 2005". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 25 June 2007. Retrieved 25 June 2007.

[KSM2006-26] 1 2 3 4 "2006 Karl Schäfer Memorial". The Figure Skating Corner. Archived from the original on 25 December 2007. Retrieved 25 December 2007.

[KSM2008-27] 1 2 3 4 "2008 Karl Schäfer Memorial". Tracings. Archived from the original on 11 April 2026. Retrieved 3 June 2026.

[28] "Vancouver skater dazzling". The Vancouver Sun. Vol. 88, no. 277. 30 September 1974. p. 28. Retrieved 1 June 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[ND09191977-29] "Kurz berichtet" [In brief]. Neues Deutschland (in German). 19 September 1977. p. 7. Retrieved 3 June 2026 – via Arcanum Newspapers.

[COV1982-30] "Asko, Cup of Vienna" (PDF). Skating. November 1982. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 May 2025. Retrieved 1 June 2026.

[COV1983-31] "Asko, Cup of Vienna" (PDF). Skating. Vol. 60, no. 9. November 1983. p. 27. Retrieved 1 June 2026.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[COV1984-32] "Asko, Cup of Vienna" (PDF). Skating. Vol. 61, no. 10. December 1984. p. 61. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 April 2025. Retrieved 1 June 2026.

[33] "Karl Schafer Memorial 1998 (Vienna Cup)". U.S. Figure Skating. Archived from the original on 16 March 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.

[Province09281974-34] "Canadian places 14th". The Province. 28 September 1974. p. 16. Retrieved 1 June 2026 – via Newspapers.com. A total of 20 skaters are entered in the competition, for woman [sic] only.

[35] "Sukces polskiej pary" [Success for the Polish pair]. Trybuna Ludu (in Polish). No. 227. 1 October 1975. p. 10. Retrieved 3 June 2026 – via Arcanum Newspapers.