Visnuraja

Visnuraja
วิษณุราชา
King of Phitsanulok
King of Xiān
Reign957–987
PredecessorSudhammaraja
SuccessorVijayaraja
Born937
Phraek Si Racha?
Died987
Phitsanulok
ConsortIndravatidevi
DynastyPadumasuriyavaṃśa
ReligionTheravada Buddhism

Viṣṇurāja (Thai: วิษณุราชา, RTGS: Witsanuracha) was a 10th-century Siamese monarch mentioned in the Ayutthaya Testimonies as the ruler of Phitsanulok. He was described as a descendant of the Padumasūriyavaṃśa dynasty and ascended the throne of Phitsanulok at the age of 20. Viṣṇurāja was married to Queen Indravatidevi (Thai: ศิริกัญญาราชเทวี), but has no record regarding their offspring. He ruled the kingdom for 30 years and died at the age of 50. His younger brother, Vijayaraja, succeeded him.

The source further records that Viṣṇurāja was enthroned as king of Phitsanulok following the departure of Sudhammaraja, whom Thai scholars have identified with Dhammikaraja, the son of Sai Nam Peung, ruler of Ayodhya. Nevertheless, this assertion appears to be chronologically incongruent, as modern Thai scholars situate both father and son in the 12th century, several centuries after the era traditionally ascribed to Viṣṇurāja.: 43–6 

Notes

  1. ↑ As Chen Li Fu was likewise centered in the Phraek Si Racha region,: 18 : 15  Chinese historical sources record that the dynasty’s first monarch ascended the throne in 1180 CE.: 6–7  This chronological datum serves as a basis for retrospective calculation in determining the approximate period of reigns of the Siamese rulers belonging to this lineage. However, the Dong Mè Nang Mưo’ng Inscription (K. 766), dated to 1167 CE, suggests that Sri Dharmasokaraja II may have extended his authority northward as far as present-day Nakhon Sawan Province, which would imply that the Phraek Si Racha region likewise fell under his control;: 36–39  if this interpretation is accepted, the reigns of the Xian rulers in question must have ended no later than 1167 CE, rather than in 1180 CE.

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Walailak Songsiri (2025). "ในดินแดนแห่งเจนลีฟู นครรัฐที่ไม่ได้อยู่ในอำนาจทางการเมืองของพระเจ้าชัยวรมันที่ ๗ สู่ปัญหาทางประวัตศาสตร์ที่หาทางออกไม่เจอของสังคมไทย" [In the land of Chen Li Fu, a city-state that was not under the political power of King Jayavarman VII, to the historical problems that cannot be solved for Thai society.]. Lek-Prapai Viriyahpant Foundation (in Thai). Retrieved 14 July 2025.
  2. ↑ Walailak Songsiri (2025). ในดินแดนแห่งเจนลีฟูและตามหารากเง้าพระอาจารย์ธรรมโชติ [In the land of Cenlifu and searching for the roots of Master Thammachot] (in Thai). Lek-Prapai Viriyaphan Foundation.
  3. ↑ O. W. Wolters (1960). "Chên Li Fu: A State On The Gulf Of Siam at the Beginning of the 14th Century". The Journal of the Siam Society. XLVIII.
  4. ↑ "จารึกดงแม่นางเมือง" [Dong Mè Nang Mưo’ng Inscription]. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre (in Thai). 8 September 2025. Retrieved 18 December 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  5. ↑ Chatchai Sukrakarn (October 2005). "พระเจ้าศรีธรรมาโศกราช" [Sri Thammasokaraj] (PDF) (in Thai). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 August 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
  6. ↑ Fine Arts Department 1968, p. 37–8.
  7. 1 2 Fine Arts Department 1968, p. 38.
  8. ↑ Fine Arts Department 1968, p. 37.
  9. ↑ Sujit Wongthes (21 April 2023). "พงศาวดารอโยธยาศรีรามเทพนคร ฉบับ มานิต วัลลิโภดม : อโยธยา เก่าแก่กว่าสุโขทัย ต้นกำเนิดอยุธยา ต้นแบบรัตนโกสินทร์" [The Chronicles of Ayutthaya Sri Ramathep Nakhon, Manit Vallipodom Edition: Ayutthaya is older than Sukhothai, the origin of Ayutthaya, the prototype of Rattanakosin.]. www.silpa-mag.com (in Thai). Retrieved 25 December 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  10. ↑ Phra Wichianpreecha (Noi) (1934). Northern Chronicle (in Thai). Royal Society of Thailand. Retrieved 2 October 2025.

Sources