Articles related to anime and manga need reliable sources like any other Wikipedia article—content must be verifiable. However, due to the nature of anime and manga journalism, editors writing articles within the scope of this project may encounter problems finding or citing sources. This guideline aims to discuss some of the most common problem areas. None of the following directions apply in all instances, so always use reason when citing sources. To help editors avoid FUTON bias, similar pages exist for books, magazines, and documentaries.
Because the fields of anime and manga journalism, research, criticism, and commentary are relatively new compared to similar coverage of traditional media, traditional sources can be somewhat rare. In addition, the simultaneous development and expansion of Internet-based sources alongside the modern anime and manga scene has led to a much higher degree of exclusive online coverage than is the case with other media. These factors make the determination of reliable anime and manga sources a complex issue.
To address this problem, this guideline provides a few general rules of thumb and presents the current consensus regarding the reliability and usability of specific anime and manga-related online sources. Any questions regarding specific sources not covered in this guideline may be directed to the talk page. Remember to search the talk page archives before starting a new topic. New sources should not be added to this page until the talk page discussion has been archived.
Finding reliable sources
Custom Google search engine. A custom search engine can be used to include results from reliable sources while filtering out unreliable ones. Instruction and information can be found at its documentation page.
Instructions
Instructions for contributors
If you have an additional source you think is reliable, please bring it up on the talk page so that consensus can be reached regarding its reliability and suitability for use. Presenting evidence for reliability, as detailed below, is helpful and more likely to receive a response.
If the source is determined to be reliable, it will be added to this page. If the discussion is contested, the source will typically not be added. Undiscussed additions will be reverted.
The more questions that can be answered "yes", the more likely that the source is reliable.
Is the website published by a reputable organization? Being published by a reputable organization typically indicates that articles have gone through some level of review, as doing otherwise would reflect poorly. Academic publishers (e.g. University of Minnesota Press and Mechademia) are preferred, but industry companies (e.g. Shogakukan and Mangapedia) are acceptable as well.
Is the website established? While age may be less relevant due to the relative newness of anime and manga journalism and commentary (especially in English), a website being long-established is still a favorable point. For example, Otaku USA is one of the longest-running English-language anime magazines, and its website is considered reliable.
Do the website's writers have experience or expertise in the industry? Particularly for newer websites, it is a favorable sign if its writers have written for other publications considered reliable. For example, many of Anime Herald's writers have industry experience.
Does the website have connections or influence in the industry? Favorable signs are securing advance review copies, being given press credentials at conventions, obtaining exclusive interviews with authors/directors/voice actors, etc. For example, see Anime News Network's interview section.
Does the website have a clear editorial policy and structure? This can include a corrections process, fact-checking standards, clearly marking sponsored content, etc., as well as disclosing ownership and who writes for the site. For example, see The Outerhaven's ethics policy and team overview.
Has the website been cited by other reliable sources? Citation for facts or contentious material is strong evidence, while citation for opinions or primary information (e.g. interviews) is weaker evidence. The more widespread and commonplace the citations, the better. For example, Anime Trending has been widely cited by Anime News Network.
Is the website appropriate in the typical context of its use? All sources must be evaluated in context. Even for an otherwise reliable source, different levels of scrutiny should be given to citing an interview, a review, a straightforward fact, or a contentious claim.
Examples
A few examples of discussions that took into account the above considerations:
Anime Herald, where editors considered its origin, editorial policies, writer experience, and secured interviews
Yuri Navi, where editors considered its manager's expertise, sposored content policy, use by other reliable sources, and secured interviews
Types of sources
Below are some general guidelines regarding specific types of sources.
Retailers as sources
Retailers are only considered reliable sources for anime, manga and related products that have already been released, and even then, only for information regarding release dates and the existence of a title. However, other secondary or primary sources—particularly publishers and academic sources—should be used if available. Retailers posting dates for an unannounced title raise a red flag as to the legitimacy of the statement, and should not be used unless confirmed by a more reliable source.
Internet polls
Polling on the Internet is inherently easy to manipulate. As such, unless the results are quoted by another independent reliable source, they should not be used, especially to show notability. However, even when commented upon by an independent reliable source, it may still be giving undue weight to an inherently unreliable medium and a particular website.
Fansites
Many anime, manga, and other related products have sites devoted to them that are not affiliated with the developers or publishers. These fansites enable fans to read about and discuss the relevant work. These fansites usually do not qualify as reliable sources. They frequently have little or no editorial oversight, and may be self-published (i.e., the person hosting the website is also the one writing its content). Fact-checking is often of lesser importance than publishing the latest rumors. Quoting the rule of thumb from WP:RS, "...the greater the degree of scrutiny involved in checking facts, analyzing legal issues, and scrutinizing the evidence and arguments of a particular work, the more reliable it is."
Some fansites provide forum excerpts by creatives from the anime and manga's forums. Favor citing the forum post itself over the fansite's article and commentary about it. When citing a forum post on a fansite's own forum, special scrutiny is advised. Make it clear that it is the post that is cited, not the thread or forum in general. Consider forum posts like journal articles, except that in this case the "journal" is unreliable (see WP:SPS), but the "article" may be, because of its author. Use real names over forum nicknames where the real name is available.
Copyrighted media
Websites which host or link to scanlations, fansubs, or other illegal content will be immediately rejected as copyright violations.
A directory of anime convention-related information, including guest lists, attendance figures, dates, and press releases. Information can occasionally be incomplete due to reliability checks. Also hosts a video podcast about anime conventions.
While the content of the convention directory is user submittable, all submissions are checked and verified using the convention's website, press releases, or other reliable sources before being added to the directory.
A site dedicated to examining Japanese pop culture through a feminist lens. Features reviews, articles, and interviews, broaching topics like gender, sexuality, and representation in anime and manga.
A site that publishes analysis, interviews, and general news regarding anime and manga.
Several of the authors have experience writing for other publications such as Anime Feminist and Publishers Weekly. The site has been cited by Anime News Network several times. It has secured interviews with numerous people in the industry, and has established contributor guidelines.
ANN is a reliable source and considered a newspaper of record for anime and manga. It covers news, reviews, release information, and human interest stories in the industry. Do not cite the user-edited encyclopedia database or any articles marked as advertorial.
A site that publishes news, interviews, popularity rankings, and reviews for anime and manga.
It has been cited or referenced by Anime News Network 152 times as of April 2026. Various writers for it have written for other reputable publications. It has also secured interviews with various industry figures. It has an editorial policy.
A site that publishes news, interviews, and reviews for anime and manga. Its thousands of reviews cover most contemporary manga series published in English.
The website has been cited by ANN numerous times, as well as other reliable sources, such as UK Anime Network. The BBC relied on one of the site's critics for industry information and cited him as being a reviewer for the site. Several of its editors, such as Ian Wolf, have industry experience. The site has an content policy committed to offering fair and unbiased reviews.
An online database of voice actor credits in anime, cartoons, and video games.
The site has a fact-checking process and a vetted team of contributors. Content with a green checkmark is reliable. Content without a green checkmark is considered generally reliable, but should be replaced with a better source if possible. There is no consensus for the reliability of information other than role credits.
Sara Smith, the main contributor, has written reviews for School Library Journal and Booklist, the latter of which is published by the American Library Association. She has also given presentations and published a book about manga in education.
Up until 2012, Anime IGN provided staff reviews as well as articles on anime. While the info has since been redirected to IGN, the site still has information on recent anime. (It is best to google this info by typing in "IGN Anime").
IGN is a major American video game and entertainment media website that has an established review policy.
Manga Bookshelf is a website that focuses on the general manga industry. Several different offshoots are present, which provide additional manga reviews (these are discussed elsewhere here).
Many if not all of the contributors have vetted experience in the field. As with other sources, the writer should always be checked.
Manga reviews/articles, columns, resources, & Interviews
Online database used by the Media Arts Database as a source and can provide additional data. NDL-OPAC is also available in English by clicking on the top right box marked as such.
A library-focused site with thousands of manga and anime reviews.
The owner and editor-in-chief, Robin Brenner, judged the 2007 Eisner Awards, has reviewed for industry sources, and has taught as an instructor regarding anime and manga studies. The website has been recognized by several reliable publications, including JAASL and Publishers Weekly. Contributors are vetted and work professionally as librarians; many have experience contributing for other publications.
Otaku USA is the one of the longest-running (and only) English-language anime magazines still in print. It features contributions from vetted reviewers with industry experience.
Sakugablog is focused on animation production, and regularly reviews the animation found in anime. The website also translates a variety of interviews and production materials.
Kevin Cirugeda has written for ANN (1,2) and Thrillist (1), and the blog features pieces written by anime industry creators such as Ken Yamamoto (1).
Production information, anime reviews, & interviews
A paper magazine focused on the critical writing of American comics which went exclusively online by 2009. Also hosted on the site were the "Hooded Utilitarian" until January 2018, and "Journalista" until 2011.
Anime review site for newer and older titles (going back to 1968!), which has been active since 2003.
Its reviews have been quoted by other reliable sources, including manga/anime academic writers Brian Ruh and Frenchy Lunning.
It has some industry backing/acknowledgment/requirements of having specific guidelines for accepting submissions with editorial oversight and published credentials/info on its writers and staff.
The former editor and chief Carlos Ross was featured on G4's Attack of the Show!, including discussing several of his reviews.
A generalist pop culture site with various anime and manga reviews.
The site has strong review and ethics policies, along with a clear editorial structure. It has been cited by other reliable sources, including IGN, Kotaku, and Destructoid. It has also secured numerous interviews with creators.
Non-profit website where anime fans write reviews, these editors include at least two whom also have industry experience.
Caution should be given here as the "write for us" page states: "The UK Anime Network is not run for profit, nor is it a professional publication. It is a website run by fans with contributions by other passionate fans of the genre." Only reviews done by Ross Locksley (formerly Ross Liversidge) and Andy Hanley are considered to be reliable as they have experience in the field.
The site has policies regarding verifying information, corrections to articles, and accepting sponsored content (which is marked by "PR" in the byline and should be treated as a primary source). Its manager has been interviewed for their yuri expertise by Comic Natalie and S-F Magazine, while the site has been referenced by Anime News Network and Erica Friedman. It has secured interviews with prominent authors in the genre and its polls and awards have been covered by numerous industry sources.
Gomanga.com - The official website for Seven Seas Entertainment, an English-language manga publishing company. The website can be used to cite licensed and properties manga, as well as upcoming release dates and news. As always, the forum-based content is unusable. Keep in mind that this is considered to be a primary source.
Kodansha - Japanese publisher, including magazines. Use citeweb for their site as their pages may be lost.
Yen Press - Yen Press is an English-language manga publisher. The website can be used for its news information and manga release dates. Keep in mind that this is considered to be a primary source.
Individuals
Often, individuals whose work automatically qualifies as reliable (because they are published industry experts, qualify as reliable self-published sources, or for other reasons) will write pieces for more than one website, and the RS status of some of the websites they've written for will be up in the air. In these cases, as long as there's no reason to doubt the author is who they say they are, their established RS status will override the website's indeterminate RS status for that piece.
Deb Aoki, the reviewer for Manga.About.com. Twice a guest of ANNCast (1, 2).
Christopher Butcher, manager of The Beguiling, director of the Toronto Comic Arts Festival, and freelance writer; has written for About.com and Xtra! (project discussions: 1, 2, 3; added 12 June 2016)
Ed Chavez, a well-published manga critic, translator, and publisher. (Project discussion; added 13 October 2009)
Erica Friedman - Reviews yuri titles and interviews, writing credits include Anime News Network, Animerica, Anime Feminist, and The Mary Sue. Consensus is that she is generally reliable for anime and manga-related topics, but not to be used for anything controversial or BLP related. "Guest reviews" published to Yuricon by other writers do not have consensus for reliability. Guest of ANNCast. (added 23 February 2009; RS/N discussion, Project discussion)
Clarissa Graffeo, a contributor to Otaku USA since the first issue
This section is for websites that either have been archived or stopped posting recent updates for two years or more. This information can be useful for older series where reception is always welcomed.
Active Anime was "a site dedicated to anime and manga". It took over Animefringe's tradition of annually asking fans to vote their Top 25 websites. The website stopped updating in October 2015.
The websites Blu-ray.com and ICv2 both cited them with and without attribution. Other evidence includes an About.com guide by Deb Aoki that links to one of their articles, and a link by Scott Green of Ain't It Cool News.
Podcast by Right Stuf Inc. This podcast generally included store updates, but every episode also featured an interview with a personality in the industry or fandom. Usable content only goes up to September 2017 before the website was closed.
Right Stuf Inc. was a major distributor of anime and manga in North America.
Promoted "diverse" and "sophisticated" graphic novels. There are about three dozen reviews here that can be used up the website's closure in February 2019.
Contributors are established comics writers, columnists and editors in the graphic novel industry. This website has also been cited as a reference resource by librarians and graphic novel authors.[citation needed]
ComicsVerse was a comics journalism website covering comics news, reviews, analysis, and interviews with artists and writers. In addition to original written content, the site produced podcasts, videos, original webcomics, and covered news related to politics, gaming, movies, television, and music. It was last updated in 2020.
This was an online magazine that was published until April 2013 by volunteer staff.
Produced by the Society for the Promotion of Japanese Animation, the same organization that organizes Anime Expo. Interviews with known industry individuals such as Jan Scott-Frazier.
Graphic Novel Reporter was a website that did reviews on printed media. There are over 340 manga reviews to go through here that could be beneficial to pre July 2019 series (site close date).
This website is associated with the same company that owns KidsReads. The reviewers appear to be vetted in the field with an editorial staff at hand.
MangaBlog is associated with Manga Bookshelf (see next entry), and provides reviews as well as interviews. It should be noted that MangaBlog has not received an update since 2016.
Brigid Alverson has written for Publishers Weekly, Katherine Dacey was the Senior Manga Editor at PopCultureShock, and Melinda Beasi is a guest writer at Comics Worth Reading.
Manga Life is good for reviews up until May 2011. This website was an offshoot of Comics Bulletin.
On the "About Us" page, the contributors all appear to work in the comics/manga industry. Manga Life has also been quoted by sources such as Publishers Weekly.
Read About Comics is a source that provided updates on American comics, but also provided manga reviews by McElhatton. This website is useful for older reviews as it has not been updated since 2015.
Greg McElhatton was a founding contributing writer for the first 58 issues of Wizard. He also served on the Small Press Expo Steering Committee since 1997, and served as a judge for the Eisner Awards.
An offshoot of Manga Bookshelf with hundreds of manga reviews. The last review posted to this website was in 2019, but Smith is still active at the main Manga Bookshelf site. Note that accessing certain reviews from the "Review Index" pages may require the Wayback Machine, since the URLs redirect to Manga Bookshelf rather than the actual reviews.
Michelle Smith was a senior editor at PopCultureShock, and has written for CBR.
The website Teen Reads was by the same company that ran Graphic Novel Reporter. Many of the reviews are duplicates (found on both sites) with some exceptions (ex: +Anima Volume 1). Reviews go up to July 2019 before the website was closed.
This website was associated with the same company that owns KidsReads. The reviewers appear to be vetted in the field with an editorial staff at hand.
Spurgeon's review site which includes reviews for American comics, but also for some manga. Spurgeon died in November 2019 and the website has not been updated since.
Spurgeon is a long time comic industry professional and a reviewer for Publishers Weekly.
Animage (website) - A magazine established in 1978. Contains news and interviews about various anime, manga, and games. (project discussion)
Animate Times - Lists new releases, broadcast dates, and interviews from the anime industry and is owned by Animate. Frequently cited by Anime News Network. (project discussion)
Natalie (website) - General information about the anime and manga industry, including announcements and interviews. Has various sub-sites (Comic Natalie, Music Natalie, etc.) Frequently cited by Anime News Network. (project discussion)
Oricon (website) - Japanese news site focusing on Japanese pop culture, including anime and manga.
Mangapedia (website) - Encyclopedia of manga series with release dates, synopses, and other basic information. Contributors are limited to a vetted list of authors, often with industry expertise, and it is managed by reputable companies. (project discussion)
Tohan - Sales rankings for books in Japan. Listings are often, but not always, easily searchable at Anime News Network.
TV Drama database - Largest Japanese database for TV dramas, which includes a lot of anime. The source has been published and is considered an academic resource. (RS/N discussion)
Video Research - TV audience ratings for the Kanto region. Put the Japanese title into the search box on the top right. ANN publishes their weekly data but top viewed by year is available, as is an all-time top 10 going back to '77.
Archived
Natsukashi (archived, last snapshot is from 2010) - List of when magazines began to be published (1950-1989).
Aga-Search (archived, last updated in 2013) - Database of mystery and detective information (added 4 May 2009; project discussion)
Anime Newtype Channel (archived, last updated in 2015) - Lists episode broadcasts dates, summaries, directors, and writers of currently airing series. Be advised that information is updated monthly and is not permanent. Therefore references should be archived using WebCite or similar archival website.
Anime Recorder (archived, last updated in 2024) - an affiliated media of gamebiz.jp that posts general news and interviews.
Additional languages
French
Animeland - Web counterpart of an anime/manga monthly (10 issues per year) paper publication. The #1 French anime paper magazine. (added 2 May 2009; project discussion)
Bd Gest' - Mostly Franco-Belgian and American comics reviews but also some manga reviews. (added 2 May 2009; project discussion)
Manga News - Anime/manga website. Staff reviews can be hot linked by adding 'critique/' after 'serie/' in the URL. (added 2 May 2009; project discussion)
Ramen Para Dos - Anime/manga news site. It has an editorial team and has conducted its own interviews. Its editor was interviewed by Crunchyroll. (added 10 June 2026; project discussion)
Situational
Amazon - This website is usually used for past or upcoming release dates as certain media (such as printed works) may have an "official website" that only links to Amazon as the distributor. User submitted reviews on Amazon are not considered reliable, so they cannot be used. (See also: Wikipedia:External links/Perennial websites#Amazon.com)
Anime Vice - Reviews and commentaries by Gia Manry are considered reliable as she has reviews published by other reliable sources, namely Anime News Network. Other staff members (Matt Kessler, Matt Lopez, Tom Pinchuk, and Chris Schmitt) have not been vetted. Care should be taken when using Anime Vice as much of the website's content is user submitted/generated and would not be considered a reliable source. (added 28 August 2011; discussion)
ComicBook.com – ComicBook.com is fine for news and columns. However, caution should be used as it often references unofficial social media accounts, so make sure it cites an official source. This website should also not be used for controversial statements, especially those relating to living persons. (RSN discussion, project discussions: 1, 2)
Prior to 2016, Comic Book Resources is considered to be generally reliable. See WP:CBR. (project discussion 3)
From 2016 to mid-2023, Comic Book Resources is generally considered to be fine for attributed opinions and columns, though some consider it a biased source, so it may constitute undue weight. Additionally, it should not be used for controversial statements related to living persons or news based on references to unreliable sources. Editors have also noted that many list articles which Comic Book Resources published during this time do not constitute significant coverage needed for notability. (RSN discussion, project discussions: 1, 2, 3)
From mid-2023 to present, Comic Book Resources is considered generally unreliable due to its repeated use of AI-generated content and occasional factual errors. (project discussion 3)
Comixology - A retailer site, it hosts columns by Jason Thompson, Shaenon K. Garrity (both reliable per above), and The Comics Journal editors Kristy Valenti, Joe McCulloch, and Tucker Stone. Their manga/anime analysis are reliable. However, the site also hosts reviews that are user-generated so they should not be used. (Project discussion: 1)
Japanese Animation Filmography Project - This is a wiki which contains information about the filmographies of Japanese animators, past and present. Catherine Munroe Hotes manages the website, and has a PhD in film and visual culture. The only usable information is content that is fact-checked by the authors. (Project discussion: 1)
Mania.com (via the Wayback Machine) - Formerly AnimeOnDVD.com, contains anime news with thousands of anime and manga reviews. Editors must be particularly careful the reviews are from AnimeOnDVD/Mania staffers and not from the user-submitted "Maniacs" section. When searching for reviews, those that have a URL format of https://www.mania.com/*title*_*somenumbers*.html and that follow the original AoD review format are written by staff reviewers and are considered reliable and usable for articles. "Maniac" reviews written by users which are not RS can be detected by the lack of structured format and a URL in the form of https://www.mania.com/*username*/review/*title*_*somenumbers*.html
Nausicaa.net - The "frozen", old site is RS, but the wiki version may not be since it currently allows anyone to register and contribute (at the very least, sourcing to the wiki should probably be done as a last resort for the present time). (added 4 May 2009; RSN discussion, project discussion, also this FLRC discussion)
Screen Rant – Screen Rant is generally reliable for attributed opinions and columns. However, it should not be used for controversial statements related to living persons or for news made based on leaks or references to unreliable sources. (RSN, RfC at RSN, project discussion)
YouTube - YouTube content such as upcoming releases, reviews, and interviews may only be used if the channel is official, and the subject passes Wikipedia's notability guidelines. On some channels, a small gray checkmark will appear next to the channel name. Hovering your mouse over it will make the word "Verified" appear. Some official channels include: Crunchyroll, Sentai Filmworks, and Kadokawa. (See also: Wikipedia:External links/Perennial websites#Youtube).
Myspace, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter - all of these social media sites may be used as self-published, primary sources, but only if they are verified as belonging to the notable subject. Keep in mind that Wikipedia is not a directory of the subject's web presence. The usage of Facebook is also discouraged as many of the pages require you to register to view the content. As such, treat this like a temporary source until a better one can be found. Social media sites in general are mainly useful for upcoming releases, and possibly interviews. (See also: Wikipedia:External links/Perennial websites#Social networking websites).
Animetric (www.animetric.com) - Self-published website by a person who is not a vetted industry expert (project discussion)
AniList (anilist.co) - Similarly to MyAnimeList, AniList's database is primarily composed of user-generated material. In contrast to MyAnimeList, however, user submissions to AniList are not published instantly, and require moderator approval before they are visible. Moderators require reliable sources from users to approve submissions, so information from AniList may be marginally more reliable than what is often found on MyAnimeList. Nonetheless, AniList is still a tertiary source, and cannot be cited directly. As such, editors must seek out and evaluate the original source(s) of any information found there.
Anime-Planet (www.anime-planet.com) - User-generated content as explained here: "Anime-Planet is a site created by fans, for fans. Though millions of users a month use the site, we're staffed by only a small team of volunteers including the founder, developers, and content moderators. If you're interested in contributing, check out how to support the site." .
Baka-Updates Manga; (www.mangaupdates.com) - Information is primarily user submitted and website also promotes illegal distribution of copyrighted materials.
Fandom (www.fandom.com) ; formerly Wikia (www.wikia.com) - User edited content.
Firefox News (Firefox.org) - No editorial control, open account creation with no vetting of reporters or reviewers, allows user-submitted content, very similar to an open blog service. (project discussion)
GameFAQs (gamefaqs.gamespot.com) - User generated content as explained here: "Gamers themselves publish almost all of the content on GameFAQs" . (RSN discussion: 1, 2)
Goodreads (www.goodreads.com) - No editorial control, very easy for anyone to review a book, occasionally copies unattributed text from Wikipedia. (RSN discussion, ANI discussion)
Nihon Review (www.nihonreview.com) - Self-published website with no reviews on reliable third-party publications. (Project discussion: 1, 2)
Otaku Fridge (www.otakufridge.com) ; formerly Hentai Neko (www.hentaineko.com) - Self-published website with user-submitted reviews. (project discussion)
Otaku News (www.otakunews.com) - Uncredited authors on a website that allows people to join. (project discussion)
Sankaku Complex (www.sankakucomplex.com) - Unverified authors, has published exaggerated and false information, and frequently refers to Twitter/Reddit posts from unverified accounts. (project discussion)
TV.com (www.tv.com) - Database information is user-submitted and reviewed by an editor or a staff member, but is not fact checked for accuracy. News articles and reviews written by staff (paid CBS Interactive / CNET) can be considered reliable, though most do not cover anime/manga. (RSN discussion: 1, 2)
Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org) - All language versions of Wikipedia and sites that mirror it, are not considered reliable sources for the content taken from the articles themselves. Wikipedia articles are not considered reliable unless they are backed up by reliable sources. If there are sources present on foreign Wikipedia articles, they can potentially be useful and should generally be brought over here to use in the English language articles. If you are in doubt over a foreign source then bring it over to WP:RSN for discussion. (See also: WP:CIRCULAR, WP:COPYWITHIN)
Yahoo Voices (voices.yahoo.com) - Also known as "Contributor Network", this website of featured freelance articles and user-generated reviews has no editorial oversight. (RSN discussion: 1, 2)
↑『恋する女の子達を少しでも多く描きたい』-「ささやくように恋を唄う」竹嶋えく先生インタビュー["I want to draw as many girls in love as possible." - Interview with Eku Takeshima, creator of Whisper Me a Love Song]. Yuri Navi (in Japanese). 17 August 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
