Nanxiong Formation

Nanxiong Formation
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian
66.7 Ma
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesShanghu Formation
OverliesJurassic granite basement, Changba Formation (Nanxiong Group)
Thickness~300 m (980 ft)
Several kilometers (Nanxiong Group)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, siltstone, mudstone
OtherLimestone, conglomerate
Location
Coordinates23°30′N 114°54′E / 23.5°N 114.9°E / 23.5; 114.9
Approximate paleocoordinates23°48′N 110°30′E / 23.8°N 110.5°E / 23.8; 110.5
RegionJiangxi Province, Guangdong Province
CountryChina
ExtentNanxiong Basin
Nanxiong Formation is located in China
Nanxiong Formation
Nanxiong Formation (China)
Nanxiong Formation is located in Guangdong
Nanxiong Formation
Nanxiong Formation (Guangdong)

The Nanxiong Formation (also known as Yuanpu Formation) is a Late Cretaceous geologic formation in Jiangxi and Guangdong Provinces. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

Description

It consists of continental siliciclastic red beds, with fauna which similar to that of the Nemegt Formation. It has been dated to about 66.7 ± 0.3 million years ago. It is the lowest unit of the Nanxiong Basin, a small graben created during Mesozoic rifting. Buck et al. state that it overlies Jurassic granite basement, and is conformably overlain by the Shanghu Formation. Alternative stratigraphic schemes for the Nanxiong basin have been proposed, one of which refers to the Nanxiong succession as the Nanxiong Group, and dividing it into the Yuanpu, Zhutian and Zhenshui formations, and overlying the Albian to Turonian Changba Formation. The age of the Nanxiong basin as a whole has been constrained to 72 to 62.8 mya.

Saline lakes in the Nanxiong were temporary

The depositional environment is made up of alluvial fan facies consisting of sheetflood deposits and ephemeral braided rivers. Adjacent to these are ephemeral saline playa facies recording features such as root traces, desiccation cracks, and calcareous paleosols. In situ desert varnish and minor paleosol development on alluvial facies due to inactivity are indicative of arid conditions. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes from Dinosaur eggshells were used to estimate a mean annual temperature between 22–27.6 °C (71.6–81.7 °F), with positive isotope perturbations around the K/Pg boundary indicating periods where temperatures may have exceeded 27 °C (81 °F).

Subsequent research has reinterpreted many of the vertebrate fossils from the Nanxiong Formation as instead coming from the Hekou Formation, with the "Nanxiong Formation" instead equivalent to the Guifeng Group.

Fossil content

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text
crossed out taxa are discredited.

Dinosaurs

Ornithischians

Ornithischians of the Nanxiong Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Microhadrosaurus M. nanshiungensis Guangdong Province, China Maastrichtian Partial lower jaw from a juvenile that was about 2.6 m long. A dubious hadrosaurid hadrosaur
Nodosauridae Indet. Indeterminate Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces, China Maastrichtian Osteoderms. A nodosaurid ankylosaur

Sauropods

Sauropods of the Nanxiong Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Gannansaurus G. sinensis Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian A single, nearly complete dorsal vertebra and a mid-caudal vertebra. A euhelopodid somphospondylian; closely related to Euhelopus zdanskyi.
Jiangxititan J. ganzhouensis Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian The three posteriormost cervical vertebrae with two cervical ribs, articulated with the first four dorsal vertebrae with three dorsal ribs. A somphospondylian sauropod

Theropods

Theropods of the Nanxiong Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Asiatyrannus A. xui Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian A skull, partial legs, and fragmentary caudal vertebrae. A small-bodied tyrannosaurine tyrannosaurid; suggested by some researchers to be a possible juvenile Tarbosaurus bataar.
Banji B. long Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian Nearly complete skull and lower jaw. A oviraptorid oviraptorisaur
Corythoraptor C. jacobsi Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian Nearly complete skeleton including the skull and lower jaw. A oviraptorine oviraptorid; with a distinct cassowary-like crest.
Ganzhousaurus G. nankangensis Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian Lower jaw, leg bone, hip bone and caudal vertebrae. A heyuanniine oviraptorid
Huanansaurus H. ganzhouensis Jiangxi Province, China Campanian to Maastrichtian Nearly complete skull, lower jaws, neck vertebrae, a humerus, arm fragments, lower part of the right thighbone, the upper part of the right shinbone, and parts of the right foot. A oviraptorine oviraptorid
Jiangxisaurus J. ganzhouensis Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian Incomplete skull, lower jaw, vertebrae, nearly complete pectoral girdle, the left forelimb, ribs, and a partially preserved pelvic girdle. A heyuanniine oviraptorid
Nankangia N. jiangxiensis Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian A partial lower jaw, vertebrae, both scapulocoracoids, a nearly complete right humerus, pubic bones, and some dorsal ribs. A caenagnathoid oviraptorosaur
Nanshiungosaurus N. brevispinus Guangdong Province, China Maastrichtian Eleven cervical vertebrae, ten dorsal vertebrae, six sacral vertebrae and the pelvis. A therizinosaurid therizinosauroid
Oviraptoridae Indet. Indeterminate Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian A female individual preserving a partial pelvic girdle, hindlimbs and some caudals with two eggs associated near the pelvic region. A oviraptorid oviraptoosaur
Indeterminate Guangdong Province, China Maastrichtian A nesting adult over a nest of eggs, preserving cervical vertebrae, arms and the pelvic region. A oviraptorid oviraptorosaur; that represents the fifth nesting taxon.
Indeterminate Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian A female individual preserving a partial pelvic girdle, hindlimbs and some caudals with two eggs associated near the pelvic region. A oviraptorid oviraptorosaur
Qianzhousaurus Q. sinensis Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian A skull, lower jaw, vertebrae, both scapulocoracoids, a left femur and a left tibia. A alioramin tyrannosaurine; closely relate to Alioramus altai.
Shixinggia S. oblita Guangdong Province, China Maastrichtian Sparse postcranial remains lacking the skull. A oviraptorid oviraptorosaur; the pose indicates that it may have died trying to free itself from mud.
Theropoda Indet. Indeterminate Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian A maxillary tooth that differs from tyrannosaurid and carcharodontosaurid dentition. A notably large theropod
Indeterminate Guangdong Province, China Maastrichtian Isolated dorsal vertebra. An indeterminate theropod.
Tongtianlong T. limosus Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian Almost complete skeleton, portions of the arms, right leg, and tail were destroyed by TNT blasts. A oviraptorid oviraptorosaur
Tyrannosauridae indet. Indeterminate Guangdong Province, China Maastrichtian Two isolated teeth. A tyrannosaurid tyrannosauroid
Indeterminate Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian Large and well-preserved tooth. A tyrannosaurid tyrannosauroid

Crocodilians

Crocodilians of the Nanxiong Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Jiangxisuchus J. nankangensis Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian Nearly complete skull and mandible. A orientalosuchine alligatoroid

Squamates

Squamates of the Nanxiong Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Chianghsia C. nankangensis Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian A partial skull and lower jaws. A monstersaurian lizard
Tianyusaurus T. zhengi Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian A skull, mandible, first eight cervical vertebrae and nearly complete pectoral girdles. A polyglyphanodontian lizard; also known from the Qiupa Formation.

Turtles

Turtles of the Nanxiong Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Jiangxichelys J. ganzhouensis Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian A complete shell. A nanhsiungchelyid turtle
Nanhsiungchelys N. wuchingensis Guangdong Province, China Maastrichtian A partial skeleton. A nanhsiungchelyid turtle

Ichnofossils

Ichnofossils of the Nanxiong Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Hadrosauropodus isp. Indeterminate Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces, China Maastrichtian Three-toed footprints. A hadrosaur

Oofossils

Oofossils of the Nanxiong Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Elongatoolithidae indet. Indeterminate Jiangxi and Guangdong Provinces Maastrichtian Three eggs with embryonic remains. Oviraptorid eggs
Macroolithus Indeterminate Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian Five egg clutches containing over 60 eggs. Oviraptorid eggs
Indeterminate Guangdong Province, China Maastrichtian Three eggs with embryonic remains. Oviraptorid eggs
M. yaotunensis Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian Two eggs with embryonic remains. Oviraptorid eggs. Skeletal proportions resemble Heyuannia huangi.
M. yaotunensis Guangdong Province, China Maastrichtian A nest of 24 eggs associated with an adult oviraptorid. Oviraptorid eggs
Oolithes O. elongatus Jiangxi Province, China Maastrichtian Egg and egg clutches. Some of these were probably laid by Nanhsiungchelys wuchingensis. Turtle and/or theropod eggs.
O. nanhsiungensis
O. rugustus
O. spheroides

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Buck, B. J.; Hanson, A. D.; Hengst, R. A.; Shu-sheng, H. (2004). ""Tertiary Dinosaurs" in the Nanxiong Basin, Southern China, Are Reworked from the Cretaceous". The Journal of Geology. 112 (1): 111–118. Bibcode:2004JG....112..111B. doi:10.1086/379695. S2CID 12866840.
  2. ↑ Lucas, Spencer G.; Kirkland, James I.; Estep, John W. (1998). "Vertebrate biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Cretaceous of China". Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems: Bulletin 14. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. p. 14.
  3. ↑ Yan, Yi; Xia, Bin; Lin, Ge; Cui, Xuejun; Hu, Xiaoqiong; Yan, Pin; Zhang, Faqiang (April 2007). "Geochemistry of the sedimentary rocks from the Nanxiong Basin, South China and implications for provenance, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate at the K/T boundary". Sedimentary Geology. 197 (1–2): 127–140. Bibcode:2007SedG..197..127Y. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.09.004. ISSN 0037-0738.
  4. 1 2 Xing, L.; Lockley, M. G.; Li, D.; Klein, H.; Ye, Y.; Scott Persons IV, W.; Ran, H. (2017). "Late Cretaceous ornithopod-dominated, theropod, and pterosaur track assemblages from the Nanxiong Basin, China: New discoveries, ichnotaxonomy, and paleoecology" (PDF). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 466: 303−313. Bibcode:2017PPP...466..303X. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.035.
  5. ↑ Mingming, Ma; Xiuming Liu; Wenyan, Wang (2018). "Palaeoclimate evolution across the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary in the Nanxiong Basin (SE China) recorded by red strata and its correlation with marine records". Climate of the Past. 14 (3): 287–302. doi:10.5194/cp-14-287-2018.
  6. ↑ Zhao, Zikui; Yan, Zheng (2000-02-01). "Stable isotopic studies of dinosaur eggshells from the Nanxiong Basin, South China". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 43 (1): 84–92. Bibcode:2000ScChD..43...84Z. doi:10.1007/BF02877833. ISSN 1862-2801.
  7. ↑ Liu, Yun; Wang, Zongzhe (1990). "Uppermost Cretaceous and Lowest Tertiary Strata in the Nanxiong Basin of Guangdong with Reference to Their Petrographic Characters and Sedimentary Environment". In Lu, Yanhao (ed.). Palaeontologia Cathayana. Vol. 5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 295–309. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-12662-2_13. ISBN 978-3-662-12662-2.
  8. ↑ Jin, Xingsheng; Mao, Fangyuan; Du, Tianming; Yang, Yihan; Meng, Jin (March 2023). "A new multituberculate from the latest Cretaceous of central China and its implications for multituberculate tooth homologies and occlusion". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 30 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1007/s10914-022-09636-2. ISSN 1064-7554.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 Dong, Z. (1979). "Cretaceous dinosaur fossils in southern China" [Cretaceous dinosaurs of the Huanan (south China)]. In Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology; Nanjing Institute of Paleontology (eds.). Mesozoic and Cenozoic Redbeds in Southern China (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Press. pp. 342–350. Translated paper (Archived from original)
  10. ↑ Xing, Lida; Lockley, Martin G.; Li, Daliang; Klein, Hendrik; Ye, Yong; Scott Persons, W.; Ran, Hao (2017). "Late Cretaceous ornithopod-dominated, theropod, and pterosaur track assemblages from the Nanxiong Basin, China: New discoveries, ichnotaxonomy, and paleoecology". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 466: 303–313. Bibcode:2017PPP...466..303X. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.035.
  11. ↑ Junchang Lü; Laiping Yi; Hui Zhong; Xuefang Wei (2013). "A New Somphospondylan Sauropod (Dinosauria, Titanosauriformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province of Southern China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 87 (3): 678–685. Bibcode:2013AcGlS..87..678L. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12079. S2CID 140623061.
  12. ↑ Mo, Jin-You; Fu, Qiong-Yao; Yu, Yi-Lun; Xu, Xing (2023-09-21). "A New Titanosaurian Sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous of Jiangxi Province, Southern China". Historical Biology. 36 (11): 2443–2457. doi:10.1080/08912963.2023.2259413. ISSN 0891-2963.
  13. ↑ Zheng, Wenjie; Jin, Xingsheng; Xie, Junfang; Du, Tianming (2024-07-25). "The first deep-snouted tyrannosaur from Upper Cretaceous Ganzhou City of southeastern China". Scientific Reports. 14 (1): 16276. Bibcode:2024NatSR..1416276Z. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-66278-5. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 11272791. PMID 39054316.
  14. ↑ Raun, Gorm Skouboe; Coppock, Colton Chase; Badamgarav, Demchig; Tsogtbaatar, Khishigjav; Currie, Philip John (April 2026). "Taxonomic reassessment of juvenile tyrannosaurine specimens from Asia reveal large biogeographic ranges in tyrannosaurids". Cretaceous Research. 186 106412. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2026.106412.
  15. ↑ Xu, X.; Han, F.-L. (2010). "A new oviraptorid dinosaur (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 48 (1): 11–18.
  16. ↑ Lü, J.; Li, G; Kundrát, M.; Lee, Y.; Zhenyuan, S.; Yoshitsugu, K.; Caizhi, S.; Fangfang, T.; Hanfeng, L (2017). "High diversity of the Ganzhou Oviraptorid Fauna increased by a new "cassowary-like" crested species". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 6393. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.6393L. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05016-6. PMC 5532250. PMID 28751667.
  17. ↑ Wang, S.; Sun, C.; Sullivan, C.; Xu, X. (2013). "A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of southern China". Zootaxa. 3640 (2): 242–57. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3640.2.7. PMID 26000415. S2CID 28527553.
  18. ↑ Lü, Junchang; Pu, Hanyong; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Xu, Li; Chang, Huali; Shang, Yuhua; Liu, Di; Lee, Yuong-Nam; Kundrát, Martin; Shen, Caizhi (2015). "A New Oviraptorid Dinosaur (Dinosauria: Oviraptorosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Southern China and Its Paleobiogeographical Implications". Scientific Reports. 5 (11490) 11490. Bibcode:2015NatSR...511490L. doi:10.1038/srep11490. PMC 4489096. PMID 26133245.
  19. ↑ Wei Xuefang; Pu Hanyong; Xu Li; Liu Di; Lü Junchang (2013). "A New Oviraptorid Dinosaur (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Jiangxi Province, Southern China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 87 (4): 899–904. Bibcode:2013AcGlS..87..899W. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12098. S2CID 129797420.
  20. ↑ Lü, J.; Yi, L.; Zhong, H.; Wei, X. (2013). Dodson, Peter (ed.). "A New Oviraptorosaur (Dinosauria: Oviraptorosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Southern China and Its Paleoecological Implications". PLOS ONE. 8 (11) e80557. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...880557L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080557. PMC 3842309. PMID 24312233.
  21. ↑ Zanno, L. E. (2010). "A taxonomic and phylogenetic re-evaluation of Therizinosauria (Dinosauria: Maniraptora)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (4): 503–543. Bibcode:2010JSPal...8..503Z. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.488045. S2CID 53405097.
  22. ↑ Sato, T.; Cheng, Y.-N.; Wu, X.-C.; Zelenitsky, D. K.; Hsiao, Y.-F. (2005). "A Pair of Shelled Eggs Inside A Female Dinosaur" (PDF). Science. 308 (5720): 375. doi:10.1126/science.1110578. PMID 15831749. S2CID 19470371.
  23. 1 2 Bi, S.; Amiot, R.; Peyre de Fabrègues, C.; Pittman, M.; Lamanna, M. C.; Yu, Y.; Yu, C.; Yang, T.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, Q.; Xu, X. (2020). "An oviraptorid preserved atop an embryo-bearing egg clutch sheds light on the reproductive biology of non-avialan theropod dinosaurs". Science Bulletin. 66 (9): 947–954. doi:10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.018. PMID 36654242.
  24. ↑ Jin, X.; Varricchio, D. J.; Poust, A. W.; He, T. (2020). "An oviraptorosaur adult-egg association from the Cretaceous of Jiangxi Province, China". Science. 39 (6) e1739060. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1739060. S2CID 219447073.
  25. ↑ Lü, Junchang; Yi, Laiping; Brusatte, Stephen L.; Yang, Ling; Li, Hua; Chen, Liu (2014). "A new clade of Asian Late Cretaceous long-snouted tyrannosaurids". Nature Communications. 5 3788. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.3788L. doi:10.1038/ncomms4788. PMID 24807588.
  26. ↑ Carr, Thomas D.; Varricchio, David J.; Sedlmayr, Jayc C.; Roberts, Eric M.; Moore, Jason R. (2017). "A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system". Scientific Reports. 7 44942. Bibcode:2017NatSR...744942C. doi:10.1038/srep44942. PMC 5372470. PMID 28358353.
  27. ↑ Lü, J. C.; Zhang, B. K. (2005). "A new oviraptorid (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong Province of southern China". Acta Palaeontologica Sinica. 44: 412−422.
  28. 1 2 Mo, J.-Y.; Xu, X. (2015). "Large theropod teeth from the Upper Cretaceous of Jiangxi, southern China" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 53 (1): 63−72.
  29. ↑ Lü, J.; Chen, R.; Brusatte, S.L.; Zhu, Y.; Shen, C. (2016). "A Late Cretaceous diversification of Asian oviraptorid dinosaurs: evidence from a new species preserved in an unusual posture". Scientific Reports. 6 35780. Bibcode:2016NatSR...635780L. doi:10.1038/srep35780. PMC 5103654. PMID 27831542.
  30. ↑ Chun Li; Xiao-chun Wu; Scott Rufolo (2019). "A new crocodyloid (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from the Upper Cretaceous of China". Cretaceous Research. 94: 25–39. Bibcode:2019CrRes..94...25L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.09.015. S2CID 133661294.
  31. ↑ Mo, J. Y.; Xu, X.; Evans, S. E. (2012). "A large predatory lizard (Platynota, Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of South China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10 (2): 333. Bibcode:2012JSPal..10..333M. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.588254. S2CID 85682211.
  32. ↑ Jun-chang Lü; Shu-an Ji; Zhi-ming Dong; Xiao-chun Wu (2008). "An Upper Cretaceous lizard with a lower temporal arcade". Naturwissenschaften. 95 (7): 663–669. Bibcode:2008NW.....95..663L. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0364-1. PMID 18338150. S2CID 22544904.
  33. ↑ Haiyan Tong; Jinyou Mo (2010). "Jiangxichelys, a new nanhsiungchelyid turtle from the Late Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China". Geological Magazine. 147 (6): 981–986. Bibcode:2010GeoM..147..981T. doi:10.1017/S0016756810000671. S2CID 131484464. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
  34. ↑ Yeh, H.-k. (1966). "A new Cretaceous turtle of Nanhsiung, northern Kwangtung". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 10 (2): 191–200.
  35. 1 2 Tong, H.; Li, L. (2019). "A revision of the holotype of Nanhsiungchelys wuchingensis, Ye, 1966 (Testudines: Cryptodira: Trionychoidae: Nanhsiungchelyidae)". Cretaceous Research. 95: 151−163. Bibcode:2019CrRes..95..151T. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.11.003. hdl:311034/9424. S2CID 133937906.
  36. ↑ Wang, S.; Zhang, S.; Sullivan, C.; Xu, X. (2016). "Elongatoolithid eggs containing oviraptorid (Theropoda, Oviraptorosauria) embryos from the Upper Cretaceous of Southern China". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 16 (67): 67. Bibcode:2016BMCEE..16...67W. doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0633-0. PMC 4807547. PMID 27012653.
  37. ↑ Yang, T.-R.; Wiemann, J.; Xu, L.; Cheng, Y.-N.; Wu, X.-C.; Sander, P. M. (2019). "Reconstruction of oviraptorid clutches illuminates their unique nesting biology". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 466: 581−596. doi:10.4202/app.00497.2018.
  38. ↑ Yang, T.-R.; Engler, T.; Lallensack, J. N.; Samathi, A.; Makowska, M.; Schillinger, B. (2019). "Hatching Asynchrony in Oviraptorid Dinosaurs Sheds Light on Their Unique Nesting Biology". Integrative Organismal Biology. 1 (1) obz030. doi:10.1093/iob/obz030. PMC 7671163. PMID 33791544.
  39. ↑ Cheng, Y.-N.; Ji, Q.; Wu, X.-C.; Shan, H.-Y. (2008). "Oviraptorosaurian Eggs (Dinosauria) with Embryonic Skeletons Discovered for the First Time in China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 82 (6): 1089–1094. Bibcode:2008AcGlS..82.1089Y. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2008.tb00708.x. S2CID 140202077.