Zangskari language

Zangskari
Zanskari, Zaskari, Zangs-dkar, Z’angkar
ཟངས་དཀར
Native toIndia
RegionZanskar, Ladakh
Native speakers
(12,000 cited 2000)
Tibetan script
Language codes
ISO 639-3zau
Glottologzang1248
ELPZangskari

Zangskari (also spelled Zanskari, Zaskari) is an endangered Tibetic language. It is a dialect of the Ladakhi language. It is mostly spoken in the Zanskar region of the Kargil district of Ladakh, India and also by Buddhists in the upper reaches of Lahaul, Himachal Pradesh, and Paddar, Jammu and Kashmir. It is written using the Tibetan script.

Zangskari is divided into four homogeneous groups, namely Oot (Stod) or Upper Zanskari spoken along the Doda River, Zhung (Gžun) or Central Zanskari mostly spoken in Padum valley, Sham (Gšam) or Lower Zanskari spoken along the lower portions of Zanskar River and lastly Lungnak (Luŋnag) along the upper Zanskar River region. A seminar on the documentation and revitalization of the Zanskari language was once held at GMDC Zanskar.

Phonology

Zangskari shows compensatory lengthening and nasalization of vowels, unlike conservative Western Tibetic languages.

Consonants

Bilabial Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
laminalapical
Nasal mnɲŋ
Stop aspirated pʰtʰt͡sʰt͡ʃʰʈʰkʰ
voiceless p t t͡s t͡ʃ ʈ k (ʔ)
voiced b d d͡z d͡ʒ ɖ g
Fricative voiceless ɸθsʃʂçh
voiced β ð z ʒ ɹ̝ ʝ
Rhotic r
Approximant wljɰ

Vowels

Monophthongs
Front Central Back
oral nasal oral nasal oral nasal
Close i iː ĩː u uː ũː
Mid e eː o oː õː
Open a aː ãː

The diphthongs are /ai/, /ao/, /ui/, /oe/, /oa/, /ea/, /iu/, /ũã/, /õã/, /ũĩ/, and /ĩũ/.

References

  1. ↑ Zangskari at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ↑ van Beek, Martijn; Pirie, Fernanda (2008). Modern Ladakh : anthropological perspectives on continuity and change. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16713-1. OCLC 896146052.
  3. ↑ "Zangskari". Script Source. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  4. ↑ Mark Turin; Bettina Zeisler (2011). Himalayan Languages and Linguistics: Studies in Phonology, Semantics, Morphology and Syntax. BRILL. p. 243. ISBN 978-9004194489.
  5. ↑ "Seminar on 'Documentation of Zanskari Language and Revitalization' held at GMDC Zanskar. | The Administration of Union Territory of Ladakh | India". Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  6. ↑ Shaikh, Maaz (January 2024). An Acoustic Analysis of the Zangskari Vowels. ResearchGate. Retrieved 12 January 2026.

Further reading