Tavola vibrante

La tavola vibrante (o anche tavola sismica) è un'apparecchiatura in grado di testare la resistenza sismica di una struttura.

La tavola vibrante, infatti, è in grado di sottoporre a vibrazione elementi strutturali, o interi modelli di strutture, con una vasta gamma di input che simulano il movimento del terreno, anche riproducendo il moto registrato da sismografi in occasione di terremoti realmente avvenuti.

Esse, perciò, sono impiegate estesamente nel campo dell'ingegneria sismica in quanto costituiscono l'unico strumento in grado di sollecitare dei modelli di strutture in condizioni molto simili a un terremoto vero, fornendo, quindi, indicazioni estremamente rappresentative per la ricerca su nuovi materiali, dispositivi e tecniche costruttive, verificandone l'efficacia antisismica.

Le prime apparecchiature di questo genere, inventate presso l'Università di Tokyo nel 1893 per la caratterizzazione delle tecniche costruttive, scorrevano su semplici rulli meccanici. Le moderne tavole vibranti, invece, sono tipicamente dotate di una piattaforma rettangolare capace di movimenti fino a 6 gradi di libertà tramite la spinta di attuatori servo-idraulici.

Il provino (struttura o elemento strutturale da testare) è fissato alla piattaforma e sottoposto a scuotimento, spesso fino a raggiungere il danneggiamento strutturale, e in alcuni casi anche il collasso. Con l'analisi dei dati acquisiti dai sensori posizionati sul provino e dei filmati delle prove è possibile interpretarne il comportamento dinamico.

Inoltre, tali apparecchiature sono spesso capaci di riprodurre vibrazioni anche di altro tipo, come quelle a cui sono tipicamente soggetti i vari mezzi di trasporto. Pertanto, vengono impiegate anche nei processi di studio e di qualificazione dei prodotti e dei componenti dell'industria meccanica, aeronautica, ferroviaria e navale, specialmente qualora tali prodotti siano destinati a impieghi che necessitano requisiti a vibrazione particolarmente stringenti (ad es. in ambito militare, aerospaziale ecc.).

Lista delle principali tavole vibranti nel mondo

Questa lista era originariamente basata sulle informazioni reperibili dai seguenti documenti: Experimental Facilities for Earthquake Engineering Simulation Worldwide, Directory of International Earthquake Engineering Research Facilities e pubblicazioni di Chowdhury, Duarte, Kamimura e Nakashima e EERI.

Tavole vibranti nel mondo
ContinentePaeseStatoUbicazione impiantoDimensioni (m)Carico massimo (t)Gradi di libertàSpost X (mm)Spost Y (mm)Spost Z (mm)Vel X (mm/s)Vel Y (mm/s)Vel Z (mm/s)Accel X (m/s2)Accel Y (m/s2)Accel Z (m/s2)Max Freq (Hz)Dettagli controllati il
AfricaAlgeria-CGS Laboratory, Algeri6.1 x 6.1606±150±250±100±1100±1100±1000±10±10±810013/6/2015
AfricaSud Africa-University of Witwatersrand4 x 4101±750n/an/a±1000n/an/a±10n/an/a4017/7/2009
AsiaCina-China Academy of Building Research, Pechino6.1 x 6.1606±150±250±100±1000±1200±800±15±10±850?
AsiaCina-Guangzhou University3 x 3206±100±100±50±1000±1000±1000±26±26±505010/7/2008
AsiaCina-Nanjing University of Technology3 x 5153±120±120±120±500±500±500±10±10±1050?
AsiaCina-Tongji University, Shanghai4 x 4256±100±50±50±1000±600±600±40±20±4050?
AsiaCina-Xi'a University of Architecture & Technology2 x 2?????????????
AsiaSingapore-Nanyang Technological University3 x 3101±120n/an/a±650n/an/a±20n/an/a5023/7/2008
AsiaHong Kong-City University of Hong Kong??????????????
AsiaHong Kong-Hong Kong Polytechnic University3 x 310???????10????
AsiaIndia-Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi5 x 5201±500n/an/a???±20n/an/a100?
AsiaIndia-IIT Guwahati2.5 x 2.551±500n/an/a???±20n/an/a100?
AsiaIndia-CPRI Bangalore, Karnataka3 x 3106???????????
AsiaIndia-IISc, Bangalore1 x 10.56±220±220±100±570±570±570±30±30±205023/7/2008
AsiaIndia-SERC, Chennai (1 di 3), Tamil Nadu4 x 4303???????????
AsiaIndia-SERC, Chennai (2 di 3), Tamil Nadu2 x 253???????????
AsiaIndia-SERC, Chennai (3 di 3), Tamil Nadu3 x 3106???????????
AsiaIndia-Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Chennai, Tamil Nadu3 x 3106±100±100±100300300?±14.715±14.7159.81100?
AsiaIndia-IIT Roorkee Uttarakhand3.5 x 3.5202?n/a??n/a??n/a???
AsiaIndia-IIT Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh1.2 x 1.841±75n/an/a±1500n/an/a±50n/an/a5025/6/2009
AsiaIndia-Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, West Bengal1.5 x 1.5?1?n/an/a?n/an/a?n/an/a?19/11/2009
AsiaIran-International Institute of Earthquake Engineering ans Seismology (IIEES)1.4 x 1.221±35n/an/a?n/an/a±40n/an/a??
AsiaIran-Iran University of Science & Technology (IUST)2 x 0.551±60n/an/a?n/an/a±6.5n/an/a??
AsiaIran-Sharif University of Technology (SUT))4 x 4303±125±200?±500±800?±50±40?507/19/2011
AsiaGiappone-Aichi Institute of Technology11 x 61361±150??±1000??±10??50?
AsiaGiappone-Building Research Institute3 x 4203???????????
AsiaGiappone-Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry5 x 5601±500n/an/a±1500n/an/a±10n/an/a3012/3/2008
AsiaGiappone-NIED ‘E-Defence’ Laboratory, Miki City20 x 1512006±1000±1000±500±2000±2000±700±9±9±15503/3/2008
AsiaGiappone-Fujita Corporation4 x 4251±500n/an/a±1500n/an/a±10n/an/a50?
AsiaGiappone-Hazama Corp Ltd.6 x 4803±300±150±100±1150??±20±3±250?
AsiaGiappone-Hitachi Engineering Corp4 x 4201±150??±750??±20??30?
AsiaGiappone-Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Corp.4.5 x 4.5356±100±100±67±750±750±500±15±15±1050?
AsiaGiappone-JDC Corp.?206±300??±1000??±10??50?
AsiaGiappone-Kawasaki Heavy Industries Corp.?303±75??±400??±10??50?
AsiaGiappone-Kajima Corp. Ltd. (1 di 2)5 x 5506±200±200±100±1000±1000±500±20±20±20603/3/2008
AsiaGiappone-Kajima Corp. Ltd. (2 di 2)4 x 4202±150n/a±75±1140n/a±4450±20n/a±1050?
AsiaGiappone-Kumagai-Gumi Corp Ltd5 x 5646±80±260±50±600±1500±500±30±10±1070?
AsiaGiappone-Kyoto University5 x 3146±300??±1500??±10??50?
AsiaGiappone-Kyoto University Disaster Prevention Research Centre3.5 diametro?6???????????
AsiaGiappone-Ministry of Construction6 x 81002±75n/a?±600n/a?±7n/a?30?
AsiaGiappone-Mitsubishi Electric Corp.?402±100??±700??±25??30?
AsiaGiappone-Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Corp.?1003±50??±1500??±20??50?
AsiaGiappone-National Research Institute of Agriculture Engineering6 x 4453±150??±750??±10??40?
AsiaGiappone-NIED (Nat. Inst. for Disaster Prevention) (1 di 2)6 x 611003±1000??±2000??±10??15?
AsiaGiappone-NIED (Nat. Inst. for Disaster Prevention) (2 di 2)12 x 125001±220??±900??±10??50?
AsiaGiappone-Nishimatsu Construction Corp5.5 x 5.5656±500??±1500??±20??50?
AsiaGiappone-Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation15 x 159082±200n/a±100±750n/a±375±18n/a±930?
AsiaGiappone-NYK Corporation2.6 x 2.6206±200??±600??±20??80?
AsiaGiappone-Obayashi-Gumi Corporation5 x 5463±600??±2000??±30??50?
AsiaGiappone-Okumura Corp.?606±125??±1000??±30??70?
AsiaGiappone-Penta-Ocean Construction Co. Ltd. (1 di 2)?606±300??±1000??±5??70?
AsiaGiappone-Penta-Ocean Construction Co. Ltd. (2 di 2)?606±200??±750??±10??70?
AsiaGiappone-Port and Airport Research Institute3.4 x 3.4552±200n/a±100±750±500n/a±8±15n/a50?
AsiaGiappone-Public Works Research Institute (PWRI)8 x 83006±600±600±300±2000±2000±1000±20±20±105010/5/2008
AsiaGiappone-Sanryo Heavy Industries Corporation6 x 690.73???????????
AsiaGiappone-Shimizu Corporation4 x 4203±200??±1000??±10??50?
AsiaGiappone-Taisei Corp Ltd4 x 4202±200??±450??±10??50?
AsiaGiappone-Tobishima Corp Ltd4 x 4202±75?????±15??30?
AsiaGiappone-Tobishima Corp Ltd?206±200??±800??±10??30?
AsiaGiappone-Tokyu Const. Corp.4 x 4306±500±200±100±1500±1000?±10??30?
AsiaGiappone-Toshiba Electric Co.5 x 5202±750n/a±380±400n/a±250±10n/a±730?
AsiaSud Corea-Hyundai Institute of Construction Technology Development (1 di 2)2 x 252±75±75n/a±500±500n/a±10±10n/a?5/2/2009
AsiaSud Corea-Hyundai Institute of Construction Technology Development (2 of 2)5 x 3301±100n/an/a±500n/an/a±10n/an/a?5/2/2009
AsiaSud Corea-Korea Institute of Machinery and Metals, Changwon4 x 4306±200±200±134±750±750±500±15±15±1050?
AsiaSud Corea-Pusan National University (1 di 3)5 x 53002±300±200n/a±1000±1000n/a±20±20n/a6024/7/2008
AsiaSud Corea-Pusan National University (2 di 3)5 x 56002±300±200n/a±1000±1000n/a±30±30n/a6024/7/2008
AsiaSud Corea-Pusan National University (3 di 3)4 x 43006±300±200±150±1500±1500±1000±20±20±406024/7/2008
AsiaMalesia-Sabah University1.5 x 1.5?????????????
AsiaPakistan-Earthquake Engineering Center, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar6.0 x 6.0606±300±300±300±1100±1100±1100±14.7±14.7±14.750
AsiaTaiwan-National Center for Research in Earthquake Engineering5 x 5506±250±100±100±1000±600±500±10±30±105012/3/2008
EuropaFrancia-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), AZALEE (1 di 3)6 x 61006±125±125±100±700±700±700±10±10±255027/01/2011
EuropaFrancia-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), VESUVE (2 di 3)4 x 3201±125n/an/a±1000n/an/a±10n/an/a5027/01/2011
EuropaFrancia-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), TOURNESOL (3 di 3)2 x 2103±125n/a±100±2000n/a±1300±10n/a105027/01/2011
EuropaFrancia-FCBA Institut technologique, Bordeaux6 x 6101±125n/an/a±800n/an/a±20n/an/a5002/2011
EuropaGrecia-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki1.2 x 1.2152±50n/a±50?n/a??n/a?30?
EuropaGrecia-National Technical University of Athens4 x 4106±100±100±100±1000±1000±1000±20±20±4010012/3/2008
EuropaItalia-Ansaldo Nucleare, Genova3.5 x 3.563±70??±860?????60?
EuropaItalia-Dipartimento di Strutture per l'Ingegneria e l'Architettura, Università di Napoli "Federico II"4 x 4202±250±250n/a±1000±1000n/a1010n/a50-
EuropaItalia-ENEA (Casaccia R. C.) - System 1 (1 di 2)4 x 4306±125±125±125±500±500±500±30±30±305013/6/2015
EuropaItalia-ENEA (Casaccia R. C.) - System 2 (2 di 2)2 x 256±150±150±150±1000±1000±1000±50±50±5010013/6/2015
EuropaItalia-CESI S.p.A., Static & Dynamic Testing Laboratories, Seriate (BG)4 x 4306±100±100±100±440±440±440±50±50?12013/6/2015
EuropaItalia-European Centre for Training & Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE) - Shake LAB5.6 x 71401±500--±2200--59--8420/10/2020
Europa Italia - European Centre for Training & Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE) - 6DLAB 4.8 x 4.8 30 6 ±500 ±500 ±140 ±2000 ±2000 ±500 - - - 60 20/10/2020
EuropaItalia-European Centre for Training & Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE) - Bearing Testing System1.6 x 4.45000 (vertical load)5±500±265140±2200±600±25018--20-
EuropaItalia-European Centre for Training & Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE) - Damper Testing System1.5 x 2501±250--±1180--10--20-
Europe Italy Laboratory of Earthquake engineering and Dynamic Analysis (LEDA) - "Kore" University of Enna (2 identical shaking tables) 4 x 4 60 6 ±400 ±400 ±250 ±2200 ±2200 ±1500 ±15 ±15 ±10 60 21/7/2017
Europe Italy Laboratory of Earthquake engineering and Dynamic Analysis (LEDA) - "Kore" University of Enna (connected table) 10 x 4 100 6 ±400 ±400 ±250 ±1100 ±1100 ±750 ±10.5 ±10.5 ±7 60 21/7/2017
EuropeMacedonia-Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS), University of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje (1 di 2)5 x 5405n/a±125±60n/a±1000±500n/a±30±158020/9/2011
EuropeMacedonia-Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS), University of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje (2 di 2)1.4 x 2.581±100n/an/a?n/an/a±20n/an/a807/7/2008
EuropaOlanda-European Space Agency (ESA) ESTEC Test Centre, Noordwijk5.5 x 5.522.56±70±70±70±800±800±800±50±50±502-10023/7/2008
EuropaPortogallo-Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC), Lisbona5.6 x 5.6403±175±175±175±200±200±200±18±11±620?
EuropaRussia-Hydroproject Research Institute5 x 5503±70±70±40±600??±20±20?40?
EuropaSpagna-CEDEX, Madrid3 x 3106±100±100±50???±10±10±206013/6/2015
EuropaTurchia-Bogazici University, Istanbul (1 di 2)3 x 3101±120n/an/a±650n/an/a±20n/an/a503/3/2008
EuropaTurchia-Bogazici University, Istanbul (2 di 2)0.7 x 0.70.13±120±120±120±1200±1200±1200±100±100±100403/3/2008
EuropaTurchia-Middle East Technical University, Ankara2 x 1?????????????
EuropaUK-University of Bristol (EERC)3 x 3176±150±150±150±1100±1100±1100±60±60±6010029/2/2008
Nord AmericaCanadaOntarioRoyal Military College of Canada, Kingston2.7 x 2.751???????????
Nord AmericaCanadaBritish ColumbiaUniversity of British Columbia (EERF Lab), Vancouver4 x 4306???????????
Nord AmericaCanadaQuébecUniversity of Sherbrooke? x ??????????????
Nord AmericaMessicoMexico D.F.Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Città del Messico4 x 4205±150±150±75±1100±1100±450±10±10±106010/9/2008
Nord AmericaUSAColoradoANCO Engineers, Inc Boulder, Colorado3 x 3103±200±200±200±2000±2000±2000±30±30±304016/10/2012
Nord AmericaUSAAlabamaNASA3 x 4.516±2440??±100???????
North AmericaUSAOhioNASA Mechanical Vibration Facility (MVF), Glenn's Space Power Facility, Sandusky6.7 diametro346±15±15?±338±338????15023/6/2015
Nord AmericaUSAAlabamaWyle Laboratories (1 di 3)6.1 x 5.5272±152??±890??±60??10016/10/2012
Nord AmericaUSAAlabamaWyle Laboratories (2 of 3)2.7 x 2.74.53±250±250±250±1120±1120±1120±45±45±4510016/10/2012
Nord AmericaUSAAlabamaWyle Laboratories (3 of 3)2.4 x 2.44.52±305n/a±228±1168n/a±838±70n/a±807016/10/2012
Nord AmericaUSANorth CarolinaDuke University1.2 x 1.251±75n/an/a±500n/an/a±50n/an/a6015/4/2008
Nord AmericaUSACaliforniaUniversity of California at Berkeley6.1 x 6.1456±127±127±51±762±762±254±15±15±202030/4/2008
Nord AmericaUSACaliforniaCalifornia State University, Fresno2.4 x 2.0?1±125n/an/a?n/an/a?n/an/a?19/11/2009
Nord AmericaUSACaliforniaUniversity of California at San Diego12.2 x 7.620001±750n/an/a±1800n/an/a±10n/an/a207/7/2008
Nord AmericaUSAConnecticutUniversity of Connecticut1.5 x 1.511±150n/an/a?n/an/a±20n/an/a508/5/2008
Nord AmericaUSAIllinoisUniversity of Illinois at Urbana / Champaign3.7 x 3.751±50??±381??±30??50?
Nord AmericaUSANew YorkUniversity at Buffalo (State University of New York) (2 tavole identiche di 3)3.6 x 3.6506±150±150±75±1250±1250±500±12±12±1210012/3/2008
Nord AmericaUSANew YorkUniversity at Buffalo (State University of New York) (3 di 3)3.7 x 3.7505±150n/a±75±762n/a±500±12n/a±235012/3/2008
Nord AmericaUSANew YorkRensselaer Polytechnic Institute1.7 x 2.651±130n/an/a±270n/an/a±20n/an/a508/5/2008
Nord AmericaUSANevadaUniversity of Nevada at Reno (3 tavole identiche)4.3 x 4.5452±300±300n/a±1270±1270n/a±20±20n/a508/2/2010
Nord AmericaUSANevadaUniversity of Nevada at Reno2.75 x 2.75506±75±300±100???±20±40±105013/3/2008
Nord AmericaUSANevadaDynamic Certification Laboratories2.0 diametro4.56±140±120±150±1000±1000±1200±98±98±10810017/7/2012
Nord AmericaUSATexasRice University0.465m²71±75n/an/a±1400n/an/a±20n/an/a508/5/2008
Nord AmericaUSAIllinoisCivil Engineering Research Lab U.S. Army, Champaign3.6 x 3.6453±300??±1300?????250?
Nord AmericaUSAVirginiaThe George Washington University - Virginia Campus3 x 3?6???????????
OceaniaAustraliaVictoriaUniversity of Melbourne2 x 23????????????
OceaniaAustraliaNew South WalesUniversity of Technology, Sydney3 x 3101?????????5015/12/2009

Note: Questa lista e limitata alle tavole vibranti di dimensioni maggiori di 2m x 2m o con capacità superiore a 4 t (tavole adatte per test sismici).

Note

  1. ↑ Robert Reitherman, Earthquakes and Engineers: An International History, Reston, VA, ASCE Press, 2012, pp. 126-127, ISBN 978-0-7844-1071-4 (archiviato dall'url originale il 26 luglio 2012).
  2. ↑ MIL-STD-810G, Department of Defense Test Method Standard for Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests (PDF), su everyspec.com, United States Department of Defense, 31 ottobre 2008.
  3. ↑ NASA - NPP Runs the Gauntlet of Environmental Testing, su nasa.gov. URL consultato il 4 maggio 2019 (archiviato dall'url originale il 1º maggio 2017).
  4. ↑ Retrieved 17/6/2015
  5. ↑ http://www.nea.fr/html/nsd/docs/2004/csni-r2004-10.pdf (PDF), su nea.fr. URL consultato il 17 giugno 2015.
  6. ↑ Directory of International Earthquake Engineering Research Facilities | Center for Science, Technology & Economic Development, su csted.sri.com. URL consultato il 17 giugno 2015 (archiviato dall'url originale il 21 dicembre 2013).
  7. ↑ Chowdhury AH (1983). Shaking table testing facilities around the world. Proceedings of the 4th Engineering Mechanics Division Specialty Conference: Recent Advances in Engineering Mechanics and their Impact on Civil Engineering Practice., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. Vol. 1, pp. 617-620.
  8. ↑ Duarte RT (1994). Report of the EAEE Working Group 11: Development of shaking table testing techniques. Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vienna, Austria. Vol. 4, pp. 3135-3144.
  9. ↑ Kamimura K, Nakashima M (1983). Seismic test facilities for building structures in Japan. Proceedings of the 4th Engineering Mechanics Division Specialty Conference: Recent Advances in Engineering Mechanics and their Impact on Civil Engineering Practice., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. Vol. 1, pp. 638-641.
  10. ↑ EERI (1995). Assessment of earthquake engineering research and testing capabilities in the United States. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Committee on Experimental Research, Oakland, CA. Publication No. WP-01, pp. 1-23.
  11. ↑ Presentation on Current activities in Algeria Archiviato l'8 marzo 2012 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 30/6/2010
  12. ↑ Press release about Hydraform Donating Earthquake Shake Table to Wits University Archiviato il 24 agosto 2009 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 22/10/2009
  13. ↑ China Academy of Building Research - Major Laboratories Archiviato il 14 marzo 2008 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 10/7/2008
  14. 1 2 3 Shaking table blog Retrieved 10/7/2008
  15. ↑ Earthquake Engineering Research Test Center[collegamento interrotto] Retrieved 10/7/2008
  16. ↑ Centre for urban hazards mitigation Retrieved 24/7/2008
  17. ↑ jmi.ac.in, http://jmi.ac.in/upload/advertisement/quotation_ci_2012december10.pdf.
  18. ↑ IIT Guwahati, Department of Civil Engineering,Assam[collegamento interrotto]
  19. 1 2 3 4 Earthquake Resistant design practice and research in India, The Structural Engineer, 18 March 2008
  20. ↑ Development of a digitally-controlled three-axis earthquake shake table, Karnataka Retrieved on 10/7/2008
  21. ↑ SERC Chennai Advanced Seismic Testing and Research Laboratory Archiviato il 23 febbraio 2012 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 22/10/09
  22. ↑ IIT Roorkee, Department of Earthquake Engineering, su iitr.ernet.in. URL consultato il 17 giugno 2015 (archiviato dall'url originale il 17 giugno 2015).
  23. ↑ IIT Kanpur, Department of Civil Engineering (PDF), su ias.ac.in.
  24. ↑ School of Disaster Mitigation Engineering (SDME), su becs.ac.in (archiviato dall'url originale il 22 agosto 2009).
  25. ↑ CRIEPI Hybrid Seismic Testing System Shaking table Archiviato il 22 maggio 2007 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 12/3/2008
  26. ↑ The NIED ‘E-Defence’ Laboratory in Miki City Retrieved on 3/3/2008
  27. ↑ Kajima’s English Website Archiviato il 15 gennaio 2008 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 3/3/2008
  28. ↑ MTS website Archiviato il 13 novembre 2006 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 3/3/2008
  29. ↑ Public Works Research Institute large 3D shaking table[collegamento interrotto] Retrieved on 10/5/2008
  30. ↑ See p 14 of document - Hyundai Institute of Construction Technology Development[collegamento interrotto] Retrieved on 10/1/2009
  31. 1 2 3 KOCED Multi platform seismic simulation facility Archiviato il 23 luglio 2011 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 1/12/2010
  32. ↑ NWFP UET Earthquake Research and Education Centre, su eec.edu.pk (archiviato dall'url originale il 22 marzo 2010).
  33. ↑ NCREE's English Website Archiviato il 15 aprile 2008 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 29/2/2008
  34. 1 2 3 Seismic Mechanic Studies Laboratory Retrieved 27/11/2011
  35. ↑ Retrieved on 13/6/2015
  36. ↑ NTUA Laboratory for Earthquake Engineering Archiviato il 17 luglio 2007 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 12/3/2008
  37. ↑ Archiviato l'8 maggio 2006 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 13/6/2015
  38. ↑ Retrieved 29/11/2013
  39. 1 2 ENEA DySCo virtual lab facilities Retrieved 05/05/2015
  40. 1 2 3 4 Copia archiviata, su eucentre.it. URL consultato il 18 giugno 2015 (archiviato dall'url originale il 17 giugno 2015). Retrieved 13/6/2015
  41. 1 2 Nicoletta Esposito, LEDA Laboratory. URL consultato il 21 febbraio 2018 (archiviato dall'url originale il 5 marzo 2018).
  42. 1 2 Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, IZIIS Retrieved on 20/09/2011
  43. ↑ CEDEX Structures laboratory Archiviato il 21 dicembre 2009 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 23/11/2009
  44. ↑ Retrieved on 13/6/2015
  45. 1 2 Bogazici University Shaking Table Laboratory[collegamento interrotto] Retrieved on 3/3/2008
  46. ↑ Retrieved 13/6/2015
  47. ↑ Bristol University Earthquake Engineering Research Centre Retrieved on 29/2/2008
  48. ↑ Retrieved on 13/6/2015
  49. ↑ Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM, Mesa Vibradora Laboratorios, su iingen.unam.mx (archiviato dall'url originale il 1º giugno 2009).
  50. ↑ ANCO Engineers shaking tables Retrieved on 15/10/2012
  51. ↑ NASA Mechanical Vibration Facility (MVF), su grc.nasa.gov. URL consultato il 4 maggio 2019 (archiviato dall'url originale il 30 ottobre 2016).
  52. 1 2 3 Wyle Laboratories shaking tables Archiviato il 9 febbraio 2013 in Archive.is. Retrieved on 16/10/2012
  53. ↑ Duke University Structural Dynamics and the Seismic Response Control Laboratory Archiviato il 14 ottobre 2012 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 15/4/2008
  54. ↑ University of California, Berkeley, Earthquake Simulator Laboratory Archiviato il 23 marzo 2008 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 30/4/2008
  55. ↑ Department of Civil Engineering Archiviato il 27 maggio 2010 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 19/11/2009
  56. ↑ UCSD Large High Performance Outdoor Shake Table Archiviato il 22 ottobre 2010 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 12/3/2008
  57. ↑ University of Connecticut Advanced Hazards Mitigation Lab Archiviato il 21 giugno 2015 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 8/5/2008
  58. 1 2 University at Buffalo’s Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory (SEESL) Archiviato il 17 maggio 2008 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 13/3/2008
  59. ↑ Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Structural Engineering Laboratories Archiviato il 29 luglio 2008 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 8/5/2008
  60. ↑ NEES Equipment Site at the University of Nevada, Reno Archiviato il 5 luglio 2008 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 12/3/2008
  61. ↑ NEES Equipment Site at the University of Nevada, Reno Archiviato il 20 luglio 2011 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 8/2/2010
  62. ↑ Dynamic Certification Laboratories Retrieved 17/7/2012
  63. ↑ Rice University, Dynamic Systems Laboratory Retrieved 8/5/2008
  64. ↑ Copia archiviata, su seasva.gwu.edu. URL consultato il 13 agosto 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 13 giugno 2010). Retrieved 8/13/2013