↑Stubbs, Alan E. and Falk, Steven J.(1983).British Hoverflies: An Illustrated Identification Guide. British Entomological & Natural History Society,253, xvpp.
↑Van Veen, M.P.(2004).Hoverflies of Northwest Europe, Identification Keys to the Syrphidae(Hardback). KNNV Publishing, Utrecht,pp. 254.ISBN 9050111998.