På land, særlig tallrike i skog og i høy vegetasjon
Utbredelse
kosmopolittisk
Inndelt i
Hybos er en slekt av små fluer som kan ligne noe på dansefluer. De ble tidligere regnet til denne familien. De voksne fluene er rovdyr som fanger forskjellige slags små insekter. De er svært vanlige i Norge, særlig der det er litt høy vegetasjon.
Utseende
Middelsstore, slanke, blankt svarte buskdansefluer. Hodet er forholdsvis lite, munndelene danner en nedoverrettet, kort sugesnabel. Thorax er høyt hvelvet. Vingene er nokså smale, vanligvis glassklare. Beina er lange, på bakbeina er lårene og leggene fortykkede med pigger på innersiden som brukes for å gripe byttedyr.
De voksne fluene er rovdyr, og fanger helst andre tovinger. Begge kjønn fanger bytte, og i motsetning til dansefluene inngår ikke overlevering av bytte som en del av paringsritualet.
Overraskende lite er kjent om larvene til denne vanlige familien, men i alle fall noen grupper lever i jorden eller i råtnende ved, og er sannsynligvis rovdyr.
Utbredelse
Slekten forekommer i alle verdensdeler med mulig unntak av Sør-Amerika.
1234567891011Yang, C.K.; Yang, D. (1986). «Fourteen new species of dance flies from Fujian and Guangxi (Diptera: Empididae)». Wuyi Science Journal. 6: 75–88.
12Shamshev, I.; Grootaert, P.; Kustov, S. (2015). «New data on the genus Hybos Meigen (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Palaearctic Region». Zootaxa. 3936 (4): 451–484. PMID25947449. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3936.4.1.
1234Frey, R. (1953). «Studien über ostasiatische Dipteren. II. Hybotinae, Ocydromiinae, Hormopeza Zett. [concl.]». Notulae Entomologicae. 33: 65–71.
123456Yang, D.; Yang, C.K. (1988). «New species of Hybos Meigen from China (Diptera: Empididae)». Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Pekinensis. 14 (3): 282–287.
12Saigusa, T.; Yang, D. (2003). «Empididae (Diptera) from Funiu Mountains, Henan, China (I)». Studia Dipterologica. 9 (2): 519–543.
1234567Wang, N.; Yang, D. (2014). «Species of the genus Hybos Meigen from Tibet, China (Diptera: Empidoidea, Hybotinae)». Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 140: 101–118. doi:10.3157/061.140.0106.
12Yang, D.; Grootaert, P. (2006). «Two new species of Hybos (Diptera, Empidoidea, Hybotidae) from China. Biologia». Bratislava. 61 (2): 161–163. doi:10.2478/s11756-006-0026-8.
1234567Yang, C.K.; Yang, D. (1991). «New species of Hybos Meigen from Hubei (Diptera: Empididae)». Journal of Hubei University (Natural Science). 13 (1): 1–8.
12Shi, L.; Yang, D.; Grootaert, P. (2009). «New Hybos species from Oriental China (Diptera: Empididae)». Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 135: 189–192. doi:10.3157/061.135.0206.
123Li, X.L.; Wang, N.; Yang, D. (2017). «Hybos Meigen (Diptera: Empididae) from Wanglang National Nature Reserve, Sichuan». Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 143 (2): 435–452. doi:10.3157/061.143.0212.
↑Rondani, C. (1875). «Muscaria exotica Musei Civici januensis. Fragmentum III. Species in Insula Bonae Fortunae (Borneo), provincia Sarawak annis1865-1868, lectae a March». J. Doria et Doct. O Beccari. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova. 7: 421–464.
↑Wei, J.; Wang, N.; Kwon, Y.J.; Yang, D. (2016). «One new species of Hybos Meigen (Diptera: Empididae) from northeast China». Entomotaxonomia. 38 (4): 290–296.
12345678910Frey, R. (1953). «Studien über ostasiatische Dipteren. II. Hybotinae, Ocydromiinae, Hormopeza Zett. [part]». Notulae Entomologicae. 33: 57–64.
1234Melander, Axel Leonard (1928). Diptera. Fam. Empididae. In Wytsman, P., ed.. Bruxelles. 185: Genera insectorum. s.1–434.
12Yang, C.K.; Yang, D. (1988). Three new species of dance flies in Fanjing Mountain (Diptera: Empididae), pp. 136-140. In: Insects of Fanjing Mountain. Guiyang: Guizhou Academy of Science.
↑Wiedemann, Christian Rudolph Wilhelm (1828). Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten. Als Fortsetzung des Meigenschen Werks. Hamm: Zweiter Theil. Schulz. s.xxxii + 608 pp., 7 pls.
1234567Yang, D.; Yang, C.K. (1988). Diptera: Empididae, pp. 161-175. In: Zhang, S.M. (ed.), Agricultural Insects Spiders Plant Diseases and Weeds of Xizang. II. "1987". Lhasa: Xizang People's Publishing House. s.416.
1234567Ale-Rocha, R. (2001). «Revisão das espécies de Hybos do Novo Mundo (Diptera, Empididae)». Revista Brasileira de Entomologia. 45 (2): 145–165.
↑Quate, L.W. (1960). «Diptera: Empididae». Insects of Micronesia. 13: 55–73.
12345Li, Z.; Wang, N.; Yang, D. (2014). «New species of Hybos Meigen from Northwest China (Diptera: Empidoidea, Hybotinae)». Zootaxa. 3786 (2): 166–180. PMID24869533. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3786.2.5.
1234Yang, C.K.; Yang, D. (1989). «Four new species of the genus Hybos from Sichuan (Diptera: Empididae)». Journal of Southwest Agricultural University. 11 (2): 155–158.
12Meunier, F. (1908). «Monographie des Empididae de l'ambre de la Baltique et catalogue bibliographique complet sur les dipteres de cette resine». Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool.. 7 (9): 81–135.
↑Müller, O.F. (1776). Zoologiae Danicae prodromus. Havniae [=Copenhagen]: Hallageriis. s.xxxii + 274 [+8] pp. Besøkt 30 October 2021.Sjekk datoverdier i |besøksdato= (hjelp)
1234Li, M.L.; Noor, F.; Lin, C.; Yang, D. (2022). «Four new species of Hybos (Diptera: Empididae) from Gaoligongshan, China». Entomotaxonomia. 42 (3): 134–143.
12Liu, X.; Yang, D.; Grootaert, P. (2004). «A review of the species of Hybos Meigen, 1803 from Guangdong (Diptera: Empidoidea: Hybotinae)». Ann. Zool. (Warz.). 54: 525–528.
12Huo, S.; Zhang, J.H.; Yang, D. (2010). «Two new species of Hybos from Hubei (Diptera: Empididae)». Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 136 (3/4): 251–245. doi:10.3157/061.136.0306.
12Yang, C.K.; Yang, D. (1995). Diptera: Empididae. Pp. 235-240. In: Zhu, T. (ed.). Insects and macrofungi of Gutianshan, Zhejiang. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Science and Technology Publishing House. s.318.
12345Yang, D.; Gaimari, S.D.; Grootaert, P. (2005). «New species of Hybos Meigen from Guangdong Province, South China (Diptera: Empididae)». Zootaxa. 912: 1–7. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.912.1.1.
123Cao, Y.; Yu, H.; Wang, N.; Yang, D. (2018). «Hybos Meigen (Diptera: Empididae) from Wangdongyang Nature Reserve, Zhejiang with Descriptions of Three New Species». Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 144 (1): 197–218. doi:10.3157/061.144.0110.
↑Garrett Jones, C. (1940). «Empididae: A. - Hybotinae, Ocydromiinae, Clinocerinae and Hemerodromiinae». Ruwenzori Exped. 1934-5. 2.
123Yang, D.; Wang, X.D. (1998). Three new species of Empididae from Henan (Diptera), pp. 86-89. In: Shen, X. & Shi, Z., The fauna and taxonomy of insects in Henan. Vol. 2. Beijing: China Agricultural Scientech Press.
12Yang, D.; Yang, C.K. (1995). «Notes on the genus Hybos from Gaungxi (Diptera: Empididae)». Studia Dipterologica. 2 (2): 214–217.
12Huo, S.; Grootaert, P.; Yang, D. (2010). «Two new yellow-legged species of the genus Hybos from Vietnam (Diptera: Empidoidea: Hybotinae)». Zootaxa. 2512 (1): 47–55. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2512.1.3.
123Wheeler, William Morton; Melander, Axel Leonard. «Empidae». Biol.Centr.-Am., Ins.: Dipt. 1(Suppl.): 366–376.
↑Yang, D.; Yang, C.K. (1997). Diptera: Empididae, pp. 1469-1476. In: Yang, X.K. (ed.), Insects of the Three Gorge Reservoir area of Yangtze River. Part 2. .. Chongqing: Chongqing Publ. House. s.[4] + x + 975-1847 + [1] pp.
↑Smith, Kenneth G. V. (1969). «The Empididae of southern Africa (Diptera)». Annals of the Natal Museum. 19: 1–342.
↑Liu, Y.; Grootaert, P.; Yang, D. (2021). «Notes on species of Hybos Meigen (Diptera: Hybotidae) from Hong Kong». Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society. 92: 72–76. doi:10.47640/1605-7678_2021_92_72.
↑Yang, D.; An, S.W.; Gao, C.X. (2002). New species of Empididae from Henan (Diptera: Brachycera). Pp. 30-38. In Shen, X.C. & Zhao, Y.Q. (eds.), Insects of the mountains of Taihang and Tongbai regions. The fauna and taxonomy of insects in Henan. 5. Beijing: Agricultural Science and Technology Press. s.143 pp.
↑Bezzi, M. (1914). «H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute. Rhagionidae et Empididae. Supplta Ent. 3: 65-78. [1914.??.??] Bigot, J.M.F. 1889. Diptères nouveaux ou peu connus. 34e partie, XLII: Empidi.». Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 9 (6): 111–134.
↑Walker, F. (1849). List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. London: British Museum (Natural History). s.485–687.
12Yang, D.; Yang, C.K. (1993). Diptera: Empididae, pp. 1089-1097. In: Chen, S.. (ed.), Insects of the Hengduan Mountains Region. 2. Beijing: Beijing Science Press.
↑Schiner, I.R. (1868). Diptera. vi In [Wullerstorf-Urbair, B. von (in charge)], Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara. Zool. 2(1)B.. Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn. s.388pp., 4 pls.
12Yang, D.; Horvat, B. (2006). «New species of Hybos from Taiwan (Diptera: Hybotidae)». Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 132: 137–140. doi:10.3157/0002-8320(2006)132[137:NSOHFT]2.0.CO;2.
↑Yang, D.; An, S.W.; Gao, C.X. (2002). New species of Empididae from Henan (Diptera: Brachycera). Pp. 30-38. In Shen, X.C. & Zhao, Y.Q. (eds.), Insects of the mountains of Taihang and Tongbai regions. The fauna and taxonomy of insects in Henan. 5. Beijing: Agricultural Science and Technology Press. s.143 pp.
Kilder
Chvála, M. 1975. The Tachydromiinae (Dipt. Empididae) of Fennoscandia and Denmark.Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 3. Scandinavian Science Press Ltd., Klampenborg, Danmark.
Chvála, M. 1983. The Empidoidea (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark II.Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 12. Scandinavian Science Press Ltd., Klampenborg, Danmark.
Collin, J.E., 1933. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part IV. Empididae. London. British Museum (Nat. Hist.) & Oxford University Press, 334 p.
Jonassen 1988. Empidoidea (Dipt.) new to The Norwegian Fauna.Fauna Norw. Ser. B 33 pp.71–76.
Jonassen, T. 1992. Further Empidoidea (Dipt.) new to the Norwegian fauna.Fauna norwegica Serie B 39: 73-76.
Jonassen, T. 1998. Recent additions to the Norwegian fauna of Empidoidea (Diptera, Brachycera).Fauna norwegica Serie B 45: 63-68.