October 13

October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 79 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

Up to 1900

54 – Roman Empire emperor Claudius dies after being poisoned by his wife Agrippina. Nero becomes Emperor.
409 – Vandals and Alans cross the Pyrenees and reach Hispania, present-day Spain.
1307 – All Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into "admitting" heresy.
1399 – Henry IV of England is crowned King. He founds the Royal House of Lancaster.
1582 – Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
1644 – A Swedish–Dutch fleet defeats the Danes and captures about 1,000 prisoners.
1710 – Port Royal, capital of French Acadia, falls in a siege to British forces.
1773 – Charles Messier discovers the Whirlpool Galaxy.
1775 – The United States Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (later renamed the United States Navy).
1792 – In Washington, DC, the cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion (known as the White House since 1818) is laid.
1803 – The first European settlement in Victoria, Australia, is started at Sullivan Bay, Victoria.
1812 – War of 1812: Battle of Queenston Heights – On the Niagara frontier in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaerof are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock.
1825 – Ludwig I of Bavaria becomes King.
1843 – In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found B'nai B'rith (the oldest Jewish service organization in the world).
1845 – A majority of voters in the Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution, that if accepted by the U.S. Congress, will make Texas a U.S. state.
1881 – First known conversation in modern Hebrew by Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and a group of his friends.
1884 – Greenwich, London is decided as the place that the 0 degree longitude line will pass through.
1885 – The Georgia Institute of Technology is founded of Atlanta, Georgia.
1898 – British passenger ship Mohegan crashes into a reef off Cornwall, sinking within 12 minutes, killing 106 people.

1901 – 2000

1911 – Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn becomes the first British royal to be Governor-General of Canada.
1914 – The Boston Braves complete a 4 games to 0 win over the Philadelphia Athletics at Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts in the first such victory in Baseball World Series history.
1917 – "Miracle of the Sun" is said to have been seen by 70,000 people in Fatima, Portugal.
1918 – Talaat Pasha and the Young Turk (C.U.P.) ministry resign and sign an armistice, ending Ottoman participation in World War I.
1921 – The Soviet republics of Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia sign the Treaty of Kars with the Grand National Assembly of Turkey to determine modern borders between Turkey and the Southern Caucasus states.
1923 – Ankara replaces Istanbul as capital city of Turkey.
1943 – World War II: The new government of Italy sides with the Allies and declares war on Germany.
1944 – World War II: Riga, Latvia is occupied by the Red Army.
1945 – The Christian Social Union of Bavaria, the main political party of Bavaria, is founded.
1946 – France adopts the constitution of the Fourth Republic.
1958 – Debut of Paddington Bear fictional character, created by Michael Bond.
1960 – 1960 World Series: Baseball player Bill Mazeroski becomes the first person to end a World Series with a home run.
1962 – Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? opens on Broadway.
1967 – The first game of the American Basketball Association is played in Oakland, California, as the Oakland Oaks defeat the Anaheim Amigos 134–129.
1970 – Fiji joins the UN.
1972 – An Aeroflot Ilyushin-62 crashed outside Moscow killing 176
1972 – Andes flight disaster: Fairchild passenger plane transporting a rugby team crashes in Andes. They are found alive December 20 but they have had to resort to cannibalism to survive, as chronicled in the 1993 movie Alive: The Miracle of the Andes.
1976 – A Bolivian Boeing 707 cargo jet crashes in Santa Cruz, Bolivia killing 100 (97, mostly children killed on the ground)
1976 – The first electron micrograph of an Ebola viral particle was obtained by Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, who was then working at the C.D.C..
1977 – Four Palestinians hijack a Lufthansa Airlines flight to Somalia and demand release of 11 members of the Red Army Faction.
1990 – End of the Lebanese Civil War: Syrian forces launch an attack on the free areas of Lebanon, removing Michel Aoun from the Presidential Palace.
1992 – An Antonov An-124 operated by Antonov Airlines crashes near Kiev, Ukraine, killing 8 people.
1995 – Microsoft releases Windows 95.
1999 – The United States Senate rejects ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).

From 2001

2003 – The Public Library of Science commences publication of an open-access scientific journal, PLoS Biology.
2006 – Ban Ki-moon is chosen to succeed Kofi Annan as UN Secretary-General.
2006 – Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen Bank win the Nobel Peace Prize.
2010 – Miracle of Copiapo: 33 miners, who survived for a record 69 days, trapped underground in the San José mine in Chile, are rescued, in a rescue operation that was followed by people around the world.
2016 – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand, dies aged 88 after more than 70 years on the throne. He was the world's longest-serving head of state at the time of his death.
2016 – Bob Dylan becomes the first singer-songwriter to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
2016 – The Maldives announce their withdrawal from the Commonwealth of Nations.
2017 – The United States and Israel announce their withdrawal from UNESCO.
2019 – Simone Biles becomes the most-successful ever gymnast at the World Gymnastics Championships.

Births

Up to 1900

1162 – Leonora of England, Queen of Castile (d. 1214)
1453 – Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales (d. 1471)
1474 – Mariotto Albertinelli, Italian painter (d. 1495)
1499 – Claude of France (d. 1524)
1566 – Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (d. 1643)
1613 – Luisa of Medina-Sidonia, Queen of Portugal (d. 1666)
1680 – Catherine Opalinska, Queen of Poland (d. 1747)
1713 – Allan Ramsay, Scottish painter (d. 1784)
1768 – Jacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin, French explorer (d. 1839)
1816 – Benjamin H. Brewster, United States Attorney General (d. 1888)
1820 – John William Dawson, Canadian geologist (d. 1899)
1821 – Rudolf Virchow, German physician, pathologist, biologist and politician (d. 1902)
1825 – Charles Frederick Worth, English fashion designer (d. 1895)
1844 – Ernest Myers, English poet (d. 1921)
1853 – Lillie Langtry, British actress (d. 1929)
1862 – Mary Kingsley, British explorer (d. 1900)
1867 – Ramon Maximiliano Valdés, 7th President of Panama (d. 1918)
1870 – Albert Jay Nock, American writer (d. 1945)
1872 – Blaise Diagne, Senegalese politician (d. 1934)
1874 – Jozsef Klekl, Slovenian politician in Hungary (d. 1948)
1876 – Rube Waddell, American baseball player (d. 1914)
1877 – Theodore G. Bilbo, Governor of Mississippi (d. 1947)
1878 – Stepan Shahumyan, Armenian politician and revolutionary (d. 1918)
1879 – Edward Hennig, American gymnast (d. 1960)
1880 – Sasha Cherny, Russian poet (d. 1932)
1883 – William Dickey, American diver (d. 1950)
1887 – Jozef Tiso, Slovakian politician (d. 1947)
1890 – Conrad Richter, American writer (d. 1968)
1891 – Irene Rich, American actress (d. 1988)
1893 – Kurt Reidemeister, German mathematician (d. 1971)
1895 – Mike Gazella, American baseball player (d. 1978)
1896 – E. Beatrice Riley, Australian supercentenarian (d. 2009)
1900 – Gerald Marks, American composer (d. 1997)

1901 – 1950

1902 – Karl Leichter, Estonian musicologist (d. 1987)
1904 – Wilfred Pickles, English actor (d. 1978)
1905 – Coloman Braun-Bogdan, Romanian footballer (d. 1983)
1905 – Yves Allégret, French movie director (d. 1987)
1908 – Steinn Steinarr, Icelandic poet (d. 1958)
1909 – Art Tatum, American jazz musician (d. 1956)
1911 – Ashok Kumar, Indian actor (d. 2001)
1911 – Migjeni, Albanian poet (d. 1938)
1915 – Terry Frost, English artist (d. 2003)
1915 – Wesley Powell, Governor of New Hampshire (d. 1981)
1917 – George Osmond, patriarch of the Osmonds (d. 2007)
1920 – Laraine Day, American actress (d. 2007)
1921 – Yves Montand, French actor and singer (d. 1991)
1923 – Faas Wilkes, Dutch footballer (d. 2006)
1923 – Iona Opie, English folklorist
1924 – Terry Gibbs, American jazz musician
1924 – Charlie Silvera, American baseball player (d. 2019)
1924 – Roberto Eduardo Viola, Argentine military leader (d. 1994)
1925 – Lenny Bruce, American comedian (d. 1966)
1925 – Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2013)
1925 – Gustav Winckler, Danish singer (d. 1979)
1926 – Killer Kowalski, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 2008)
1926 – Tommy Whittle, British jazz saxophonist (d. 2013)
1927 – Lee Konitz, American jazz saxophonist
1927 – Turgut Ozal, 8th President of Turkey (d. 1993)
1929 – Shivinder Singh Sidhu, Indian politician, Governor of Meghalaya and Goa (d. 2018)
1931 – Raymond Kopa, French footballer (d. 2017)
1933 – Narriman Sadek, Egyptian royal
1933 – Mark Zakharov, Russian director and screenwriter (d. 2019)
1934 – Nana Mouskouri, Greek singer and politician
1934 – Jack Colvin, American actor (d. 2005)
1938 – Christiane Hörbiger, Austrian actress
1939 – Melinda Dillon, American actress
1940 – Pharoah Sanders, American saxophonist
1940 – Chris Farlowe, English rock, blues and soul singer
1941 – Paul Simon, American musician and songwriter
1942 – Rutanya Alda, Latvian-American actress
1943 – Edmund Daukoru, OPEC Secretary-General
1943 – Peter Sauber, Swiss Formula One team principal
1945 – Desi Bouterse, President of Suriname
1946 – Edwina Currie, British politician
1947 – Joe Dolce, American-born Australian singer-songwriter
1947 – Sammy Hagar, American singer
1949 – Raimundo Fagner, Brazilian singer, composer and actor
1949 – Marisol Malaret, Puerto Rican model
1949 – Rick Vito, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Fleetwood Mac)
1949 – Mark Winzenried, American middle-distance runner
1950 – Rolf Rüssmann, German footballer (d. 2009)

1951 – 1975

1952 – Mundo Earwood, American country musician and singer-songwriter (d. 2014)
1954 – Haitham bin Tariq, Sultan of Oman
1954 – Mordechai Vanunu, Israeli nuclear technician
1956 – Chris Carter, American TV and movie producer, director and writer
1958 – Maria Cantwell, American politician
1958 – Jamal Khashoggi, Saudi journalist (d. 2018)
1959 – Marie Osmond, American entertainer
1960 – Joey Belladonna, American musician
1960 – Eric Joyce, Scottish politician
1960 – Ari Fleischer, 24th White House Press Secretary
1960 – Peter Keisler, United States Attorney General
1961 – Doc Rivers, American basketball player and coach
1962 – Kelly Preston, American actress
1962 – Jerry Rice, American football player
1963 – Thomas Dörflein, German zookeeper (d. 2008)
1964 – Nie Haisheng, Chinese astronaut
1964 – Christopher Judge, American actor
1966 – John Regis, English athlete
1967 – Trevor Hoffman, American baseball player
1967 – Javier Sotomayor, Cuban athlete
1967 – Kate Walsh, American actress
1968 – Carlos Marin, Spanish baritone (Il Divo)
1968 – Tisha Campbell, American actress
1969 – Nancy Kerrigan, American figure skater
1970 – Mel Jackson, American actor and musician
1970 – Paul Potts, English tenor
1970 – Rob Howley, Welsh rugby player and coach
1971 – Sacha Baron Cohen, English actor and comedian
1971 – Kira Reed, American actress and TV host, writer and producer

From 1976

1977 – Katrin Wagner-Augustin, German canoeist
1977 – Paul Pierce, American basketball player
1977 – Antonio Di Natale, Italian footballer
1978 – Wes Brown, English footballer
1978 – Markus Heikkinen, Finnish footballer
1978 – Jermaine O'Neal, American basketball player
1980 – Magne Hoseth, Norwegian footballer
1980 – David Haye, English boxer
1980 – Scott Parker, English footballer
1980 – Ashanti, American singer and actress
1981 – Kele Okereke, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Bloc Party)
1982 – Ian Thorpe, Australian swimmer
1982 – Kevin Clifton, English professional dancer
1982 – Denis Buntic, Croatian handball player
1984 – Misono, Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist
1984 – Frank Simek, American basketball player
1986 – Gabriel Agbonlahor, English footballer
1986 – Sergio Pérez Moya, Mexican footballer
1987 – Ashley Newbrough, American actress
1988 – Scott Jamieson, Australian footballer
1988 – Enrique Pérez, Mexican footballer
1988 – Susan Thorsgaard, Danish handball player
1989 – Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, American politician and activist
1990 – Pooja Hegde, Indian model and actress
1990 – Himesh Patel, English actor
1992 – Aaron Dismuke, American voice actor
1993 – Kaito Ishikawa, Japanese voice actor
1993 – D-Pryde, Canadian rapper
1993 – Tiffany Trump, daughter of Donald Trump

Deaths

Up to 1900

54 – Claudius, Roman Emperor (b. 10 BC)
1093 – Robert I, Count of Flanders
1282 – Nichiren, Japanese monk (b. 1222)
1687 – Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (b. 1633)
1706 – Iyasus the Great, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1682)
1715 – Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (b. 1638)
1759 – John Henley, English clergyman (b. 1692)
1812 – Sir Isaac Brock, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1769)
1815 – Joachim Murat, King of Naples, Marshal of France (b. 1767)
1822 – Antonio Canova, Venetian sculptor (b. 1757)
1825 – Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (b. 1756)
1852 – John Lloyd Stephens, American explorer, writer and diplomat (b. 1805)
1869 – Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)
1882 – Arthur Gobineau, French philosopher (b. 1816)
1890 – Samuel Freeman Miller, U.S. Supreme Court justice (b. 1816)

1901 – 2000

1904 – Pavlos Melas, Greek military officer (b. 1870)
1905 – Henry Irving, British actor (b. 1838)
1909 – Francisco Ferrer y Guardia, Spanish free-thinker (b. 1849)
1911 – Sister Nivedita, Irish-Indian social worker, author and educator (b. 1867)
1917 – Florence La Badie, pioneer actress (b. 1888)
1919 – Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish writer (born 1857)
1926 – Hans E. Kinck, Norwegian philologist and author (b. 1865)
1928 – Dagmar of Denmark, Empress of Russia (b. 1847)
1931 – Ernst Didring, Swedish writer (b. 1868)
1938 – E.C. Segar, American cartoonist (b. 1892)
1945 – Milton S. Hershey, American chocolate tycoon (b. 1857)
1955 – Manuel Ávila Camacho, President of Mexico (b. 1897)
1961 – Prince Louis Rwagasore, Prime Minister of Burundi (b. 1932)
1966 – Clifton Webb, actor (b. 1889)
1968 – Bea Benaderet, actress (b. 1906)
1974 – Ed Sullivan, American television personality (b. 1901)
1979 – Antonio Berni, Argentine painter, illustrator and engraver (b. 1905)
1981 – Rebecca Clarke, composer and violist (b. 1886)
1987 – Walter Houser Brattain, American physicist (b. 1902)
1987 – Kishore Kumar, Indian singer (b. 1929)
1989 – Merab Kostava, Georgian political activist (b. 1939)
1990 – Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese Nobel Peace Prize recipient (b. 1911)
1993 – Wade Flemons, American singer-songwriter (b. 1940)
1996 – Beryl Reid, English actress (b. 1919)
1998 – Dmitry Filippov, Russian politician (b. 1944)
2000 – Gus Hall, American Communist politician (b. 1910)

From 2001

2001 – Peter Doyle, Australian singer (b. 1949)
2002 – Stephen Ambrose, American historian and biographer (b. 1936)
2003 – Bertram Brockhouse, Nobel Prize–winning Canadian physicist (b. 1918)
2006 – Dino Monduzzi, Italian cardinal (b. 1922)
2007 – Bob Denard, French mercenary (b. 1929)
2008 – Alexei Cherepanov, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1989)
2008 – Guillaume Depardieu, French actor (b. 1971)
2009 – Al Martino, American musician (b. 1927)
2010 – Vernon Biever, American photographer (b. 1923)
2010 – Mary Malcolm, British television personality (b. 1918)
2012 – Gary Collins, American actor and television host (b. 1938)
2013 – Olga Aroseva, Russian actress (b. 1926)
2013 – Tommy Whittle, British jazz saxophonist (b. 1926)
2014 – Antonio Cafiero, Argentine politician (b. 1922)
2014 – Pontus Segerström, Swedish footballer (b. 1981)
2015 – Sue Lloyd-Roberts, English journalist (b. 1950)
2016 – Dario Fo, Italian writer, playwright, theatre director and actor (b. 1926)
2016 – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (b. 1946)
2016 – Jim Prentice, Canadian politician, 16th Premier of Alberta (b. 1956)
2017 – Satish Chandra, Indian historian (b. 1922)
2017 – Pierre Hanon, Belgian footballer (b. 1936)
2017 – Bo Holmström, Swedish journalist (b. 1938)
2017 – William Lombardy, American chess player (b. 1937)
2017 – Albert Zafy, President of Madagascar (b. 1927)
2018 – Fabien Eboussi Boulaga, Cameroonian philosopher (b. 1934)
2018 – William Coors, American brewer (b. 1916)
2018 – Nikolai Pankin, Russian swimmer (b. 1949)
2018 – Jim Taylor, American football player (b. 1935)
2018 – Robert W. Doran, New Zealand computer scientist (b. 1944)
2018 – Edgar S. Harris Jr., American Air Force lieutenant general (b. 1925)
2018 – Patricia Hollis, Baroness Hollis of Heigham, British politician (b. 1941)
2019 – Scotty Bowers, American author (b. 1923)
2019 – Richard Huckle, British sex offender (b. 1986)
2019 – Charles Jencks, American architect and philanthropist (b. 1939)
2019 – Vasim Mammadiyev, Azerbaijani theologian (b. 1942)
2019 – Adolfo Mexiac, Mexican artist (b. 1927)

Observances

National Police Day (Thailand)
International Day for Disaster Reduction