Antennacanthopodia

Antennacanthopodia
Temporal range: Early Cambrian, Cambrian Stage 3
Life restoration
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Genus: †Antennacanthopodia
Ou et al.
Species:
†A. gracilis
Binomial name
Antennacanthopodia gracilis
Ou et al., 2011

Antennacanthopodia is a small lobopodian that lived about 520 million years ago during the Early Cambrian. It looks very similar to velvet worms and is their only widely accepted relative. Antennacanthopodia had nine pairs of stubby legs, two pairs of antenna, two small eyes, hardened spiny pads on each of its feet, and rings of little spines on its body and legs. The first pair of antennae were much longer than the second and come from a common ancestor with velvet worms. Where the second antennae came from are less clear, but they could be from the same segment as a velvet worm's slime glands or their jaws. Antennacanthopodia might have also had pair of tendrils at the end of its body.

Discovery and naming

Body plan

A diagram of Antennacanthopodia possible tendrils

Body

Legs

Potential tendrils

Classification

So far, Antennacanthopodia is the only Lobopodian that is viewed as being closely related to velvet worms (phylum Onychophora). Because of this, Antennacanthopodia is important for understanding how velvet worms evolved. Antennacanthopodia shows that many velvet worm traits (a pair of antenna on the first segment, eyes at the base of the antenna, stubby legs with foot pads, rings of skin bumps covering the body, and a modified pair second or third appendages) had already evolved in the Cambrian. When comparing Antennacanthopodia with a fossil like Antennipatus, we learn that slime glands did not evolve until later, likely after velvet worms colonized the land.

Phylogeny

References

  1. ↑ Qiang Ou; Jianni Liu; Degan Shu; Jian Han; Zhifei Zhang; Xiaoqiao Wan; Qianping Lei (2011). "A rare onychophoran-like lobopodian from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang lagerstätte, southwestern China, and its phylogenetic implications". Journal of Paleontology. 85 (3): 587–594. Bibcode:2011JPal...85..587O. doi:10.1666/09-147R2.1. S2CID 53056128.
  2. ↑ Qiang Ou; Jianni Liu; Degan Shu; Jian Han; Zhifei Zhang; Xiaoqiao Wan; Qianping Lei (2011). "A rare onychophoran-like lobopodian from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang lagerstätte, southwestern China, and its phylogenetic implications". Journal of Paleontology. 85 (3): 587–594. Bibcode:2011JPal...85..587O. doi:10.1666/09-147R2.1. S2CID 53056128.
  3. ↑ Garwood, Russell J.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Charbonnier, Sylvain; Chabard, Dominique; Sotty, Daniel; Giribet, Gonzalo (2016). "Carboniferous Onychophora from Montceau-les-Mines, France, and onychophoran terrestrialization". Invertebrate Biology. 135 (3): 179–190. doi:10.1111/ivb.12130. ISSN 1744-7410. PMC 5042098. PMID 27708504.