Arkhangelsk

Arkhangelsk
Coat of arms

Arkhangelsk (Russian: Архангельск) is a city in Russia. It is the capital and largest city of Arkhangelsk Oblast in European Russia. According to the 2021 Russian census, the city has 301,199 people.

History

Arkhangelsk was founded in 1584 as a fortified monastery dedicated to Archangel Michael, and became the first major port of the Russian Empire for trade with England and other European countries. The port reached its peak prosperity in the 17th century but later declined after the founding of Saint Petersburg in 1703 and the introduction of high customs duties by Peter I the Great for trade through Arkhangelsk. The city was revived with the construction of a railway connection to Moscow in 1898. By the early 20th century, Arkhangelsk had become Russia's largest timber-exporting port. The city developed major timber-processing industries, including sawmilling, pulp production, and papermaking. Shipbuilding and ship repair became important industries. Arkhangelsk serves as home to a fishing fleet and is the western terminus of the Northern Sea Route.

Geography

Arkhangelsk is located in the northern part of Arkhangelsk Oblast and serves as its administrative center. The city is situated on the Northern Dvina River near its mouth at the White Sea, approximately 35 kilometers from the sea. Arkhangelsk is located approximately 1,242 kilometers north of Moscow, 1,109 kilometers northeast of Saint Petersburg, and 1,271 kilometers north of Nizhny Novgorod.

Economy

Arkhangelsk's main industries include timber trade, paper production, ship building, machinery manufacturing, and biotechnology industries. The city operates a major commercial and fishing port that serves northern Russia's maritime trade. The port handles timber exports, petroleum products, and general cargo.

Population

According to the 2021 Russian census, Arkhangelsk had a population of 301,199 people. This represented a decrease from the 2010 census figure of 348,783 people. The city's population peaked in the 1980s at over 415,000 residents.

References

  1. 1 2 "Численность населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2021 года" (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Arkhangelsk". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  3. ↑ "Правительство Архангельской области" (in Russian). Government of Arkhangelsk Oblast. Retrieved 6 May 2023.[permanent dead link]
  4. 1 2 "Arkhangelsk, Russia". World Atlas. Retrieved 6 May 2023.[permanent dead link]
  5. ↑ Holm-Hansen, Jørn (17 November 2023). "Arkhangelsk". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  6. ↑ "Port of Arkhangelsk". World Port Source. Retrieved 6 May 2023.[permanent dead link]
  7. ↑ "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года" (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  8. ↑ "Demographic trends in Russian Arctic cities". Polar Geography. 43 (2): 109–128. 2020. doi:10.1080/1088937X.2020.1735934.

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64°32′N 40°32′E / 64.533°N 40.533°E / 64.533; 40.533