Corruption in Russia

Corruption is seen as a big problem in Russia. It affects many parts of life. This includes the economy, business, public administration, law enforcement, healthcare, and education. Corruption is a big part of the historical model of government. It is seen as the reason the rule of law is weak in Russia. Transparency International said in 2022, "Corruption is endemic in Russia". Russia had the lowest score in Europe in the Corruption Perceptions Index for 2021. It has been said to be a kleptocracy, an oligarchy, and a plutocracy.

Related pages

2021 Russian protests

References

1 2 "New Reports Highlight Russia's Deep-Seated Culture of Corruption". Voice of America. 26 January 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
↑ Alferova, Ekaterina (26 October 2020). В России предложили создать должность омбудсмена по борьбе с коррупцией [Russia proposed to create the post of Ombudsman for the fight against corruption]. Izvestia Известия (in Russian). Retrieved 5 November 2020.
↑ "Russia Corruption Report". GAN Integrity. June 2020. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2020. Corruption significantly impedes businesses operating or planning to invest in Russia.
↑ Suhara, Manabu. "Corruption in Russia: A Historical Perspective" (PDF). Retrieved 4 December 2015. There seems to be general agreement among specialists that corruption is particularly rampant in post-communist Russia.
↑ Gerber, Theodore P.; Mendelson, Sarah E. (March 2008). "Public Experiences of Police Violence and Corruption in Contemporary Russia: A Case of Predatory Policing?". Law & Society Review. 42 (1). Wiley: 1–44. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5893.2008.00333.x. JSTOR 29734103.
↑ "Cops for hire". The Economist. 18 March 2010. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
↑ Klara Sabirianova Peter; Zelenska, Tetyana (2010). "Corruption in Russian Health Care: The Determinants and Incidence of Bribery" (PDF). Georgia State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
↑ "Corruption Pervades Russia's Health System". CBS News. 28 June 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
↑ Denisova-Schmidt, Elena; Leontyeva, Elvira; Prytula, Yaroslav (2014). "Corruption at Universities is a Common Disease for Russia and Ukraine". Harvard University. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
↑ "Countering Russia's kleptocrats: What the West's response to the assault on Ukraine should look like". Transparency International. 4 March 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2022. Corruption is endemic in Russia. With a score of just 29 out of 100, Russia is the lowest-ranking country in Europe and a 'country to watch' on Transparency International's 2021 Corruption Perceptions Index.
↑ Fish, M. Steven (April 2018). "What Has Russia Become?". Comparative Politics. 50 (3). New York City: City University of New York: 327–346. doi:10.5129/001041518822704872. JSTOR 26532689.
↑ Guriev, Sergei; Rachinsky, Andrei (2005). "The Role of Oligarchs in Russian Capitalism". The Journal of Economic Perspectives. 19 (1). American Economic Association: 131–150. doi:10.1257/0895330053147994. JSTOR 4134996. S2CID 17653502.

Other websites

Transparency International Russia (English Version) http://transparency.org.ru/en/ Archived 2022-04-24 at the Wayback Machine
"Corruption and institutions in Russia" Mark Levin, Georgy Satarov, Foundation for Information on Democracy http://www.indem.ru/satarov/satarov_levin/corruption.htm#1

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[VOA-1] 1 2 "New Reports Highlight Russia's Deep-Seated Culture of Corruption". Voice of America. 26 January 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.

[2] Alferova, Ekaterina (26 October 2020). В России предложили создать должность омбудсмена по борьбе с коррупцией [Russia proposed to create the post of Ombudsman for the fight against corruption]. Izvestia Известия (in Russian). Retrieved 5 November 2020.

[3] "Russia Corruption Report". GAN Integrity. June 2020. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2020. Corruption significantly impedes businesses operating or planning to invest in Russia.

[4] Suhara, Manabu. "Corruption in Russia: A Historical Perspective" (PDF). Retrieved 4 December 2015. There seems to be general agreement among specialists that corruption is particularly rampant in post-communist Russia.

[5] Gerber, Theodore P.; Mendelson, Sarah E. (March 2008). "Public Experiences of Police Violence and Corruption in Contemporary Russia: A Case of Predatory Policing?". Law & Society Review. 42 (1). Wiley: 1–44. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5893.2008.00333.x. JSTOR 29734103.

[6] "Cops for hire". The Economist. 18 March 2010. Retrieved 4 December 2015.

[7] Klara Sabirianova Peter; Zelenska, Tetyana (2010). "Corruption in Russian Health Care: The Determinants and Incidence of Bribery" (PDF). Georgia State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2015.

[8] "Corruption Pervades Russia's Health System". CBS News. 28 June 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2021.

[9] Denisova-Schmidt, Elena; Leontyeva, Elvira; Prytula, Yaroslav (2014). "Corruption at Universities is a Common Disease for Russia and Ukraine". Harvard University. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2015.

[10] "Countering Russia's kleptocrats: What the West's response to the assault on Ukraine should look like". Transparency International. 4 March 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2022. Corruption is endemic in Russia. With a score of just 29 out of 100, Russia is the lowest-ranking country in Europe and a 'country to watch' on Transparency International's 2021 Corruption Perceptions Index.

[11] Fish, M. Steven (April 2018). "What Has Russia Become?". Comparative Politics. 50 (3). New York City: City University of New York: 327–346. doi:10.5129/001041518822704872. JSTOR 26532689.

[12] Guriev, Sergei; Rachinsky, Andrei (2005). "The Role of Oligarchs in Russian Capitalism". The Journal of Economic Perspectives. 19 (1). American Economic Association: 131–150. doi:10.1257/0895330053147994. JSTOR 4134996. S2CID 17653502.