Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V
Imperator Romanorum (more...)
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Emperor (more...)
Reign28 June 1519 –
24 February 1558
Coronation
PredecessorMaximilian I
SuccessorFerdinand I
King of Spain
as Charles I
Reign14 March 1516 – 16 January 1556
PredecessorJoanna
SuccessorPhilip II
RegentJoanna (until 1555)
Regent
See list
Archduke of Austria
as Charles I
Reign12 January 1519 –
21 April 1521
PredecessorMaximilian I
SuccessorFerdinand I
as Charles II
Reign25 September 1506 –
25 October 1555
PredecessorPhilip the Handsome
SuccessorPhilip II of Spain
Regent
See list
Born24 February 1500
Prinsenhof of Ghent, Flanders, Habsburg Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire
Died21 September 1558(1558-09-21) (aged 58)
Monastery of Yuste, Crown of Castile, Spain
Burial
El Escorial, Spain
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1526; died 1539)​
Issue
HouseHabsburg
FatherPhilip the Handsome
MotherJoanna, Queen of Castile and Aragon
ReligionCatholic Church
SignatureCharles V's signature

Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1519, King of Castile and Aragon from 1516, and Lord of the Low Countries as Duke of Burgundy from 1506.

Philip the Handsome (son of Maximilian I of Austria and Mary of Burgundy) and Joanna the Mad (daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile) were his parents. He ruled Austria, Spain, Two Sicilies, Sardinia, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Luxembourg, Hungary, Bohemia, Croatia, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela.

His Majesty or His Imperial Majesty was first used when he was king. His Empire became large and was known as "in which the sun does not set". He was also known as "The Emperor of Universal Dominion."

He divided his empire between his brother Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and his son Philip II of Spain.

Issue

Charles and Isabella had seven legitimate children, but only three of them survived to adulthood. Charles also had natural children before he married and after he was widowed.

NamePortraitLifespanNotes
Philip II of Spain
 21 May 1527 –
13 September 1598		 Only surviving son, successor of his father in the Spanish crowns and became king of Portugal.
Maria
 21 June 1528 –
26 February 1603		 Married her first cousin Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor.
Ferdinand
 22 November 1529 –
13 July 1530		 Died in infancy.
Son
 29 June 1534 Stillborn.
Joanna
 24 June 1535 –
7 September 1573		 Married her first cousin João Manuel, Prince of Portugal.
John
 19 October 1537 –
20 March 1538		 Died in infancy.
Son
 21 April 1539 Stillborn.

Due to Philip II being a grandson of Manuel I of Portugal through his mother he was in the line of succession to the throne of Portugal, and claimed it after his uncle's death (Henry, the Cardinal-King, in 1580), thus establishing the personal union between Spain and Portugal.

Charles also had six children out of wedlock:

Notes

  1. ↑ The chronology of his abdications has been disputed since early scholarship. His public abdication to the States General of the Netherlands certainly took place on 25 October 1555. His abdication as Spanish king is generally dated to 16 January 1556, although some give other dates. This was ratified in a document dated 17 February. On 3 August, he announced his abdication as emperor and instructed his commissioners to negotiate with Ferdinand and the electors the formal transfer of power. On 27 August, Charles wrote a document to the Imperial court in Speyer (referred to as a Constitutio or Rescriptum) renouncing the Empire in favour of Ferdinand. Then, on 7 September, he sent an edict to all States of the Empire urging them to recognize Ferdinand as their new ruler. The abdication was not recognized by the electors until 24 (or 28) February 1558. Ferdinand was finally proclaimed and crowned Emperor-elect on 14 March, after sworing the Electoral capitulation.
  2. ↑ In the name of Charles V until 1556
  3. ↑ Monarchs from the House of Habsburg ruled the Low Countries with the titular title of Duke/Duchess of Burgundy.

Regnal titles of Charles V

TitleFromToRegnal name
Titular Duke of Burgundy25 September 150625 October 1555Charles II
Duke of Brabant25 September 150625 October 1555Charles II
Duke of Limburg25 September 150625 October 1555Charles II
Duke of Lothier25 September 150625 October 1555Charles II
Duke of Luxemburg25 September 150625 October 1555Charles III
Margrave of Namur25 September 150625 October 1555Charles II
Count Palatine of Burgundy25 September 15065 February 1556Charles II
Count of Artois25 September 150625 October 1555Charles II
Count of Charolais25 September 150621 September 1558Charles II
Count of Flanders25 September 150625 October 1555Charles III
Count of Hainault25 September 150625 October 1555Charles II
Count of Holland25 September 150625 October 1555Charles II
Count of Zeeland25 September 150625 October 1555Charles II
King of Castile and León14 March 151616 January 1556Charles I
King of Aragon14 March 151616 January 1556Charles I
King of Sicily14 March 151616 January 1556Charles I (II)
Count of Barcelona14 March 151616 January 1556Charles I
King of Naples14 March 151625 July 1554Charles IV
Archduke of Austria12 January 151912 January 1521Charles I
Holy Roman Emperor28 June 151927 August 1556Charles V
King of the Romans23 October 152024 February 1530Charles V
Count of Zutphen12 September 154325 October 1555Charles II
Duke of Guelders12 September 154325 October 1555Charles III

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Robertson, William (1829). Histoire de Charles-Quint (in French). Haumann. pp. 262-263 (note 1), 452–454.
  2. ↑ The Abdication of Emperor Charles V (1555/56). Archived 2024-12-03 at the Wayback Machine German History in Documents and Images.
  3. ↑ The Abdication of Emperor Charles V / Kaiserliche Instruktion für die Abdikationsgesandtschaft zu Ferdinand I. und zu den Kurfürsten Archived 2024-12-03 at the Wayback Machine. German History in Documents and Images.
  4. ↑ Archiv für österreichische Geschichte (in German). Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 1901. pp. 314–316. Instruktion für die Abdikationsgesandtschaft (Instruction for the Abdication Mission)
  5. 1 2 Bernard, Jacques (1700). Recueil Des Traitez De Paix, De Treve, De Neutralite, etc (in French). Henry Et La Veuve De T. Boom. p. 276.
  6. ↑ Lünig, Johann Christian (1720). Das deutsche Reichs-Archivs (in German). Vol. 4. pp. 355–356. Rescriptum to the Chamber-Judges and Assessors of the Holy Imperial Chamber Court in Speyer, in which he refers them to the Roman King Ferdinandum I as their future ruler.
  7. ↑ Lünig, Johann Christian (1711). Das deutsche Reichs-Archiv (in German). Vol. 6. pp. 288–289. Edictum to all Electors and States of the Holy Roman Empire, that he entrusted his lord brother, the Roman King Ferdinand I, with the rule of the German Reich.
  8. ↑ Clémencet, Charles (1784). L'art de verifier les dates des faits historiques (in French). Al. Jombert Jeune. p. 41.
  9. ↑ Herbermann, Charles George (1836). Histoire politique du règne de l'empereur Charles Quint (in French). H. Tarlier. p. 738.
  10. ↑ Chillany, F. Wilhelm (1865). Europaeische Chronik von 1492 bis Ende April 1865. pp. 16, 78.
  11. ↑ Patxot, Fernando (1856). Los héroes y las grandezas de la tierra 6. p. 399
  12. 1 2 Setton 1984, p. 716.
  13. ↑ Ruiz, Enrique Martínez (2020). Felipe II: El hombre, el rey, el mito. La Esfera de los Libros. p. vii.
  14. ↑
  15. ↑ William H. Prescott (1856). Historia del reinado de Felipe Segundo, Rey de España. p. 321.
  16. ↑ Mignet, François Auguste Alexis (1878). Carlos Quinto: su abdicación, su estancia y muerte en el Monasterio de Yuste (in Spanish). Biblioteca Perojo. p. 307.
  17. ↑ Bruno Gebhardt (1890). Gebhardts Handbuch der deutschen geschichte. p. 92.
  18. ↑ de Cadenas y Vicent, Vicente (1999). Caminos y derroteros que recorrió el emperador Carlos V. Ediciones Hidalguia. p. 10.
  19. ↑ Herbermann, Charles George (1908). The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church. Robert Appleton Company. p. 629.
  20. ↑
  21. ↑ Wahlkapitulation Ferdinands I., Frankfurt am Main, 14. März 1558. V&R eLibrary
  22. ↑ Carlos V: La coronación del Emperador Archived 25 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine. National Geographic
  23. ↑ Thomas, The Golden Empire, 38
  24. ↑ Parker, Emperor, 545–546
  25. 1 2 Thomas, The Golden Empire, 37
  26. ↑ Fletcher 2016, p. 50.
  27. ↑ "La hija secreta de Carlos V". hoy.es (in Spanish). 12 January 2020. Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  28. ↑ Thomas, The Golden Empire, 37–38
  29. ↑ Parker, Geoffrey. Emperor, pp. 400–401, 483–484, 560

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