Epinephelus

Epinephelus Temporal range: Late Miocene to recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Epinephelus fasciatus, the type species
Epinephelus tukula
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Perciformes
Family:	Serranidae
Subfamily:	Epinephelinae
Tribe:	Epinephelini
Genus:	Epinephelus Bloch, 1793
Type species
Epinephelus marginalis Bloch, 1793
Species
see text
Synonyms
Altiserranus Whitley, 1947 Cerna Bonaparte, 1833 Cernua [Costa, 1849 Cynichthys Swainson, 1839 Enneistus D.S. Jordan & Evermann, 1896 Garrupa D.S. Jordan, 1890 Homalogrystes Alleyne & Macleay, 1877 Hyposerranus Klunzinger, 1884 Itaiara Vaillant & Bocourt, 1878 Labroperca Gill, 1862 Merou Bonaparte (ex Cuvier), 1831 Merus Poey (ex Cuvier), 1871 Phrynotitan Gill, 1885 Priacanthichthys Day, 1868 Promicrops Poey (ex Gill), 1868 Stereolepoides Fowler, 1923

Epinephelus is a genus of groupers from the family Serranidae found in tropical and subtropical areas.

Species

There are 89 species:

• Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck, 1765)
• Epinephelus aeneus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (white grouper)
• Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Hong Kong grouper)
• Epinephelus albomarginatus Boulenger, 1903 (white-edged grouper)
• Epinephelus amblycephalus (Bleeker, 1857) (banded grouper)
• Epinephelus analogus T. N. Gill, 1863 (spotted grouper)
• Epinephelus andersoni Boulenger, 1903 (cat-face grouper)
• Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775) (areolate grouper)
• Epinephelus awoara (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)(yellow grouper)
• Epinephelus bilobatus J. E. Randall & G. R. Allen, 1987(twin-spot grouper)
• Epinephelus bleekeri (Vaillant, 1878) (dusky-tail grouper)
• Epinephelus bontoides (Bleeker, 1855) (pale-margin grouper)
• Epinephelus bruneus Bloch, 1793 (long-tooth grouper)
• Epinephelus caninus (Valenciennes, 1843) (dog-tooth grouper)
• Epinephelus chabaudi (Castelnau, 1861) (moustache grouper)
• Epinephelus chlorocephalus (Valenciennes, 1830)(Tonga grouper)
• Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes, 1828)(brown-spotted grouper)
• Epinephelus cifuentesi Lavenberg & Grove, 1993 (Olive grouper)
• Epinephelus clippertonensis G. R. Allen & D. R. Robertson, 1999
• Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus (Bloch, 1790) (white-spotted grouper)
• Epinephelus coioides (F. Hamilton, 1822) (orange-spotted grouper)
• Epinephelus corallicola (Valenciennes, 1828) (coral grouper)
• Epinephelus costae (Steindachner, 1878) (gold-blotch grouper)
• Epinephelus craigi Frable, Tucker & Walker, 2018
• Epinephelus cyanopodus (J. Richardson, 1846)(speckled blue grouper)
• Epinephelus daemelii (Günther, 1876) (saddle-tail grouper)
• Epinephelus darwinensis J. E. Randall & Heemstra, 1991 (Darwin grouper)
• Epinephelus diacanthus (Valenciennes, 1828) (spiny-cheek grouper)
• Epinephelus drummondhayi Goode & T. H. Bean, 1878
• Epinephelus epistictus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)(dotted grouper)
• Epinephelus erythrurus (Valenciennes, 1828) (cloudy grouper)
• Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus (W. K. H. Peters, 1865) (rock grouper)
• Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775) (blacktip grouper)
• Epinephelus faveatus (Valenciennes, 1828) (barred-chest grouper)
• Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacépède, 1802) (blue-and-yellow grouper)
• Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) (brown-marbled grouper)
• Epinephelus fuscomarginatus Johnson & Worthington Wilmer, 2019
• Epinephelus gabriellae J. E. Randall & Heemstra, 1991(multispotted grouper)
• Epinephelus geoffroyi (Klunzinger, 1870) (Red Sea spotted grouper)
• Epinephelus goreensis (Valenciennes, 1830) (Dungat grouper)
• Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (red hind)
• Epinephelus heniochus Fowler, 1904 (Bridled grouper)
• Epinephelus hexagonatus (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (star-spotted grouper)
• Epinephelus howlandi (Günther, 1873) (black-saddle grouper)
• Epinephelus indistinctus J. E. Randall & Heemstra, 1991(Somali grouper)
• Epinephelus irroratus (Forster, 1801) (Marquesan grouper)
• Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822) (Atlantic goliath grouper)
• Epinephelus kupangensis Tucker, Kurniasih & Craig, 2016
• Epinephelus labriformis (L. Jenyns, 1840) (starry grouper)
• Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790) (giant grouper)
• Epinephelus latifasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)(striped grouper)
• Epinephelus lebretonianus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1853) (mystery grouper)
• Epinephelus longispinis (Kner, 1864) (long-spine grouper)
• Epinephelus macrospilos (Bleeker, 1855) (snub-nose grouper)
• Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch, 1790) (high-fin grouper)
• Epinephelus magniscuttis Postel, Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1963 (speckled grouper)
• Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (Malabar grouper)
• Epinephelus marginatus (R. T. Lowe, 1834) (dusky grouper)
• Epinephelus melanostigma Schultz, 1953 (one-blotch grouper)
• Epinephelus merra Bloch, 1793 (honeycomb grouper)
• Epinephelus miliaris (Valenciennes, 1830) (net-fin grouper)
• Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes, 1828) (red grouper)
• Epinephelus morrhua (Valenciennes, 1833) (comet grouper)
• Epinephelus multinotatus (W. K. H. Peters, 1876)(white-blotched grouper)
• Epinephelus ongus (Bloch, 1790) (white-streaked grouper)
• Epinephelus poecilonotus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)(dot-dash grouper)
• Epinephelus polylepis J. E. Randall & Heemstra, 1991(small-scaled grouper)
• Epinephelus polyphekadion (Bleeker, 1849)(camouflage grouper)
• Epinephelus polystigma (Bleeker, 1853) (white-dotted grouper)
• Epinephelus posteli Fourmanoir & Crosnier, 1964 (stripefin grouper)
• Epinephelus quinquefasciatus (Bocourt, 1868) (Pacific goliath grouper)
• Epinephelus quoyanus (Valenciennes, 1830) (long-fin grouper)
• Epinephelus radiatus (F. Day, 1868) (oblique-banded grouper)
• Epinephelus retouti Bleeker, 1868 (red-tipped grouper)
• Epinephelus rivulatus (Valenciennes, 1830) (halfmoon grouper)
• Epinephelus sexfasciatus (Valenciennes, 1828) (six-bar grouper)
• Epinephelus socialis (Günther, 1873) (surge grouper)
• Epinephelus spilotoceps Schultz, 1953 (four-saddle grouper)
• Epinephelus stictus J. E. Randall & G. R. Allen, 1987(black-dotted grouper)
• Epinephelus stoliczkae (F. Day, 1875) (epaulet grouper)
• Epinephelus striatus (Bloch, 1792) (Nassau grouper)
• Epinephelus suborbitalis Amaoka & J. E. Randall, 1990(seamount grouper)
• Epinephelus summana (Forsskål, 1775) (Summan grouper)
• Epinephelus tankahkeei Wu, Qu, Lin, Tang & Ding 2020
• Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål, 1775) (greasy grouper)
• Epinephelus timorensis J. E. Randall & G. R. Allen, 1987 (yellow-spotted grouper)
• Epinephelus trimaculatus (Valenciennes, 1828) (three-spot grouper)
• Epinephelus trophis J. E. Randall & G. R. Allen, 1987(plump grouper)
• Epinephelus tuamotuensis Fourmanoir, 1971(reticulated grouper)
• Epinephelus tukula Morgans, 1959 (potato grouper)
• Epinephelus undulatostriatus (W. K. H. Peters, 1867) (Maori grouper)
• Epinephelus undulosus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (wavy-lined grouper)

Their home

These fish are commonly found in coral reefs, but some reside in deep waters.

Related pages

• Goliath grouper – a term used for two species of Epinephelus

References

1. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species of Epinephelus". FishBase. June 2016 version.

1. ↑ Eschmeyer, W. N.; Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (eds.). "Epinephelus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
2. ↑ Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Epinephelinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 22 June 2020.