Metformin

Metformin is a drug used to treat patients having diabetes. There are 2 types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2 and metformin is only used to treat people having type 2 diabetes. Metformin come as a tablet and taken by mouth. It is the drug of choice to lower the blood sugar level when a person is first found to have diabetes.

Uses

• Type-II diabetes - adult onset diabetes due to lack of insulin production and resistance of body tissues to insulin
• Gestational diabetes - diabetes during pregnancy
• To treat obesity in diabetes - metformin lowers the appetite and used to treat obesity
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) - presence of multiple ("poly") fluid filled cavities ("cystic") in the ovaries of females

Side effects

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal cramps
• Flatulence
• Lactic acidosis

Metformin is not used in patients having severe kidney disease.

History

Metformin was first produced from the French lilac or goat's rue (Galega officinalis). Its blood sugar-lowering property was first described in 1929 by Slotta and Tschesche. Metformin became available in Britain in 1958 and got approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for type 2 diabetes in 1994. Today, Metformin has become the world's most widely used medication to treat type 2 diabetes.

References

1. ↑ Qaseem, Amir; Humphrey, Linda L.; Sweet, Donna E.; Starkey, Melissa; Shekelle, Paul (2012-02-07). "Oral Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians". Annals of Internal Medicine. 156 (3): 218–231. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-156-3-201202070-00011. ISSN 0003-4819. PMID 22312141. S2CID 3703337.
2. ↑ Kopelman, Peter G.; Caterson, Ian D.; Dietz, William H. (2017-09-08). Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children - Google Books. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781405143660. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08. Retrieved 2020-09-22.
3. ↑ "Metformin Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com". 2016-12-24. Archived from the original on 2016-12-24. Retrieved 2020-09-22.
4. ↑ Bolen, Shari; Feldman, Leonard; Vassy, Jason; Wilson, Lisa; Yeh, Hsin-Chieh; Marinopoulos, Spyridon; Wiley, Crystal; Selvin, Elizabeth; Wilson, Renee (2007-09-18). "Systematic Review: Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Medications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus". Annals of Internal Medicine. 147 (6): 386–399. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-6-200709180-00178. ISSN 0003-4819. PMID 17638715. S2CID 44380397.
5. ↑ Hadden, D. R. (October 2005). "Goat's rue - French lilac - Italian fitch - Spanish sainfoin: gallega officinalis and metformin: the Edinburgh connection". The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. 35 (3): 258–260. doi:10.1177/1478271520053503010. ISSN 1478-2715. PMID 16402501.
6. ↑ "FDA Approves New Diabetes Drug". Food and Drug Administration. 2007-09-29. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2020-09-22.
7. ↑ Bailey, C. J.; Day, C. (2004). "Metformin: its botanical background". Practical Diabetes International. 21 (3): 115–117. doi:10.1002/pdi.606. ISSN 1528-252X. S2CID 208203689.