| Siege of El Fasher | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Darfur campaign of the Sudanese civil war (2023–present) | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
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| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Nimir Mohammed Abdelrahman (until December 2023) |
Nimir Mohammed Abdelrahman (after December 2023) | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
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RSF claim |
SAF claim 15,470 killed (including mercenaries from Colombia, Libya, Chad) Several commanders killed 25 vehicles destroyed 30 vehicles captured | ||||||||
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782+ civilians killed, 1,143+ injured (May 2024) | |||||||||
The Siege of El Fasher was a long military attack on the Sudanese city of El Fasher, located in North Darfur, Sudan. It was carried out by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) as part of the wider Sudanese civil war (2023–present).
El Fasher was the last major city in the Darfur region held by the Sudanese Army and its allies. After an 18-month siege, the city fell to the RSF in October 2025. Following the capture, a terrible event known as the El Fasher massacre occurred, where RSF fighters attacked and killed many civilians.
The conflict in Darfur began in 2003 when rebel groups (like the Justice and Equality Movement, JEM) attacked government bases, arguing that the government of then-dictator Omar al-Bashir was not fair to the region. The government fought back using the Janjaweed militia, which later became the core of the RSF. This war has killed hundreds of thousands of people and forced many more to leave their homes.
The Janjaweed fighters joined the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), led by Hemedti, in 2013.
The Sudanese Army (SAF) and the RSF, initially partners in a 2021 military takeover, became enemies in early 2023. The main reason for the conflict was a disagreement over how the powerful RSF would be merged into the regular army, which would take away the RSF's power.
Fighting broke out across Sudan, including El Fasher, on April 15, 2023.
The fighting for El Fasher happened in several stages:
Throughout the siege, the city and the refugee camps around it suffered many attacks:
On October 26, 2025, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) seized full control of El Fasher after the Sudanese Armed Forces' (SAF) 6th Infantry Division retreated.
Immediately after the city fell, the RSF carried out the El Fasher massacre. Reports suggest that:
Following the RSF takeover, several thousand civilians fled to the town of Tawila.
The initial clashes in El Fasher began on April 15, 2023.
The RSF claimed to have captured the El Fasher airport and several other military locations. The fighting quickly led to a humanitarian crisis:
Hospitals were overwhelmed, and the city's main market was destroyed.
The Abu Shouk refugee camp was attacked and burned down.
By April 21, over 44 people were killed and 279 wounded, according to the aid organization Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF).
A ceasefire was agreed upon on April 20.
SAF held the west of the city, RSF held the east, and the center was made a neutral zone patrolled by police.
The truce was made indefinite on April 23, and life briefly returned to normal, but prices for goods went up sharply.