31337 = cousin prime, pronounced elite, an alternate way to spell 1337, an obfuscated alphabet made with numbers and punctuation, known and used in the gamer, hacker, and BBS cultures.
38305 = the largest Forges-compatible number (for index 32) to the field . But a conjecture of Viggo Brun predicts that there are infinitely many such numbers for any Galois field unless is bad.
38501 = Smallest prime separated by at least 40 from the nearest primes (38461 and 38543). It is thus an isolated prime. Chen prime.
38807 = number of non-equivalent ways of expressing 10,000,000 as the sum of two prime numbers