3C 411

3C 411
3C 411
	Pan-STARRS image of 3C 411.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
Constellation	Delphinus
Right ascension	20h 22m 08.43s
Declination	+10° 01′ 11.26″
Redshift	0.467000
Heliocentric radial velocity	140,003 km/s
Distance	4.947 Gly
Apparent magnitude (B)	19.70
Characteristics
Type	N galaxy HEG
Other designations
	4C +09.67, PKS 2019+09, LEDA 2817722, PKS B2019+098, NVSS J202208+100110, OW +032, DA 512, NRAO 0627, TXS 2019+098

3C 411 is a high-excitation Fanaroff-Riley class Type 2 radio galaxy (HEG) located in the constellation of Delphinus. The estimated redshift for this galaxy is (z) 0.467 and it was first recorded in the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources in 1962. It was classified as an extragalactic radio source in 1974 by astronomers, before being identified as an N galaxy, that is described to have a distant redshift based on an observation by Hyron Spinrad.

Description

3C 411 is a broad-line radio galaxy (BLRG). It is found to contain a double lobed source. When observed through radio mapping, the source is found to contain a radio emission bridge of low surface brightness connecting the components, with a nuclear point source dominating over the optical object. Imaging by the Very Large Array (VLA) in 1984 showed the source is heavily depolarized with the radio spectrum steepening outside the location of its hotspots. A radio jet is also shown linking with a central component with the hotspot feature that is located in the western radio lobe. At 15 GHz the source also shows signs of spectra steepening in both of its lobes.

An observation conducted in 2014 by XMM Newton found 3C 411 is a flat-spectrum radio quasar. It is found to have a cold accretion disk around its central supermassive black hole. The estimated mass of the black hole is 3 × 10⁷ M_☉, and the object has a total flux density of 2.20 ± 0.16 × 10⁻¹² erg cm⁻² s⁻¹. A double power-law component was also found in 3C 411, mainly made up of a hard component and a Seyfert type-like component.

In March 2019 the object was thought to have a blazar core in its center. However when observed, its jet is shown as straight on a trajectory path with an inclination angle at 50°. Although Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations found the core as compact, it is found to be modelled by multiple jet components instead of a blazar jet, ruling out the possibly of it being classified as a blazar.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "NED Search results for 3C 411". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2025-09-28.
↑ Varano, S.; Chiaberge, M.; Macchetto, F. D.; Capetti, A. (2004-12-01). "The nuclear radio-optical properties of intermediate-redshift FR II radio galaxies and quasars" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 428 (2): 401–408. arXiv:astro-ph/0407307. Bibcode:2004A&A...428..401V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20040303. ISSN 0004-6361.
↑ Tadhunter, C. N.; Scarrott, S. M.; Draper, P.; Rolph, C. (May 1992). "The optical polarizations of high- and intermediate-redshift radio galaxies" (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 256 (1): 53P–58P. doi:10.1093/mnras/256.1.53p. ISSN 0035-8711.
↑ Bennett, A. S. (1962). "The revised 3C catalogue of radio sources". Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 68: 163. Bibcode:1962MmRAS..68..163B.
↑ Pooley, G. G.; Henbest, S. N. (December 1974). "Observations of 48 extragalactic radio sources with the Cambridge 5-km telescope at 5 GHz". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 169 (3): 477–526. Bibcode:1974MNRAS.169..477P. doi:10.1093/mnras/169.3.477. ISSN 0035-8711.
1 2 Spinrad, H.; Smith, H. E.; Hunstead, R.; Ryle, M. (May 1975). "3C 411: a newly discovered N galaxy with a large redshift". The Astrophysical Journal. 198: 7–11. Bibcode:1975ApJ...198....7S. doi:10.1086/153571. ISSN 0004-637X.
↑ Kataoka, J.; Stawarz, L.; Takahashi, Y.; Cheung, C. C.; Hayashida, M.; Grandi, P.; Burnett, T. H.; Celotti, A.; Fegan, S. J. (2011-07-18), "BROAD-LINE RADIO GALAXIES OBSERVED WITH FERMI -LAT: THE ORIGIN OF THE GeV γ-RAY EMISSION", The Astrophysical Journal, 740 (1): 29, arXiv:1107.3370, Bibcode:2011ApJ...740...29K, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/740/1/29
↑ Spangler, S. R.; Pogge, J. J. (March 1984). "VLA observations of the distant radio galaxy 3C 411". The Astronomical Journal. 89: 342–349. Bibcode:1984AJ.....89..342S. doi:10.1086/113519. ISSN 0004-6256.
↑ Fey, A. L.; Spangler, S. R.; Myers, S. T. (June 1986). "15 GHz VLA observations of the radio galaxies 3C 166 and 3C 411". The Astronomical Journal. 91: 1279–1285. Bibcode:1986AJ.....91.1279F. doi:10.1086/114103. ISSN 0004-6256.
↑ Bostrom, Allison; Reynolds, Christopher S.; Tombesi, Francesco (2014-08-05). "AN XMM-NEWTON VIEW OF THE RADIO GALAXY 3C 411". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 119. arXiv:1407.2625. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..119B. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/791/2/119. ISSN 1538-4357.
↑ Perger, Krisztina; Frey, Sándor; Gabányi, Krisztina É (March 2019). "Is There a Blazar Nested in the Core of the Radio Galaxy 3C 411?". The Astrophysical Journal. 873 (1): 61. arXiv:1902.00266. Bibcode:2019ApJ...873...61P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab040f. ISSN 0004-637X.

External links

3C 411 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
3C 411 on SIMBAD

[ned-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "NED Search results for 3C 411". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2025-09-28.

[2] Varano, S.; Chiaberge, M.; Macchetto, F. D.; Capetti, A. (2004-12-01). "The nuclear radio-optical properties of intermediate-redshift FR II radio galaxies and quasars" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 428 (2): 401–408. arXiv:astro-ph/0407307. Bibcode:2004A&A...428..401V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20040303. ISSN 0004-6361.

[3] Tadhunter, C. N.; Scarrott, S. M.; Draper, P.; Rolph, C. (May 1992). "The optical polarizations of high- and intermediate-redshift radio galaxies" (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 256 (1): 53P–58P. doi:10.1093/mnras/256.1.53p. ISSN 0035-8711.

[4] Bennett, A. S. (1962). "The revised 3C catalogue of radio sources". Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 68: 163. Bibcode:1962MmRAS..68..163B.

[5] Pooley, G. G.; Henbest, S. N. (December 1974). "Observations of 48 extragalactic radio sources with the Cambridge 5-km telescope at 5 GHz". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 169 (3): 477–526. Bibcode:1974MNRAS.169..477P. doi:10.1093/mnras/169.3.477. ISSN 0035-8711.

[:0-6] 1 2 Spinrad, H.; Smith, H. E.; Hunstead, R.; Ryle, M. (May 1975). "3C 411: a newly discovered N galaxy with a large redshift". The Astrophysical Journal. 198: 7–11. Bibcode:1975ApJ...198....7S. doi:10.1086/153571. ISSN 0004-637X.

[7] Kataoka, J.; Stawarz, L.; Takahashi, Y.; Cheung, C. C.; Hayashida, M.; Grandi, P.; Burnett, T. H.; Celotti, A.; Fegan, S. J. (2011-07-18), "BROAD-LINE RADIO GALAXIES OBSERVED WITH FERMI -LAT: THE ORIGIN OF THE GeV γ-RAY EMISSION", The Astrophysical Journal, 740 (1): 29, arXiv:1107.3370, Bibcode:2011ApJ...740...29K, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/740/1/29

[8] Spangler, S. R.; Pogge, J. J. (March 1984). "VLA observations of the distant radio galaxy 3C 411". The Astronomical Journal. 89: 342–349. Bibcode:1984AJ.....89..342S. doi:10.1086/113519. ISSN 0004-6256.

[9] Fey, A. L.; Spangler, S. R.; Myers, S. T. (June 1986). "15 GHz VLA observations of the radio galaxies 3C 166 and 3C 411". The Astronomical Journal. 91: 1279–1285. Bibcode:1986AJ.....91.1279F. doi:10.1086/114103. ISSN 0004-6256.

[10] Bostrom, Allison; Reynolds, Christopher S.; Tombesi, Francesco (2014-08-05). "AN XMM-NEWTON VIEW OF THE RADIO GALAXY 3C 411". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 119. arXiv:1407.2625. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..119B. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/791/2/119. ISSN 1538-4357.

[11] Perger, Krisztina; Frey, Sándor; Gabányi, Krisztina É (March 2019). "Is There a Blazar Nested in the Core of the Radio Galaxy 3C 411?". The Astrophysical Journal. 873 (1): 61. arXiv:1902.00266. Bibcode:2019ApJ...873...61P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab040f. ISSN 0004-637X.