580s BC

This article concerns the period 589 BC – 580 BC.

Events and trends

February 589 BC—Apries succeeds Psamtik II as king of Egypt.
589 BC—Nebuchadnezzar II begins his second siege of Jerusalem.
589 BC—Battle of An: Jin defeats Qi; these two Chinese states later agree to an alliance.
15 January 588 BC—The last phase of Siege of Jerusalem began.
587/586 BC—Jerusalem falls to the Babylonians, ending the Kingdom of Judah. The conquerors destroy the Jewish Temple of Jerusalem and exile some of the land's inhabitants.
586 BC—Death of King Ding of the Zhou dynasty of China.^{[citation needed]}
28 May 585 BC—A solar eclipse occurs while Alyattes of Lydia fights Cyaxares of Media at a battle on the Halys river, leading to a truce. This is a cardinal date from which other dates can be calculated.
585 BC—Kirrha is destroyed, ending the First Sacred War.^{[citation needed]}
585 BC—Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, king of Rome, defeats the Sabines in war, takes the town of Collatia, and celebrates a triumph for his victories on 13 September.^{[citation needed]}
585 BC—King Jian of Zhou succeeds King Ding of Zhou as the emperor of the Zhou dynasty.^{[citation needed]}
585 BC—Fall of the Kingdom of Urartu following a Median invasion. (The Scythians ruined the Kingdom of Urartu.)
585 BC—Croesus succeeds Alyattes as King of Lydia.
585 BC—Astyages succeeds Cyaxares as King of the Medes.^{[citation needed]}
582 BC—Military clash between Egypt and Babylon.
582 BC—Akragas is founded on Sicily.
582 BC—Nebuchadnezzar II forces a third deportation of Jews from Judah into Babylonian captivity.^{[citation needed]}
582 BC—The Pythian Games are reorganised at Delphi (traditional date).
581 BC—The Isthmian Games are founded at Corinth.
581 BC—Suizei becomes the second Emperor of Japan.
580 BC—Cambyses I succeeds Cyrus I as king of Anshan and head of the Achaemenid dynasty.^{[citation needed]}
c. 580 BC—The Temple of Artemis, Corfu, is built.^{[citation needed]}
c. 580 BC—The Hecatompedon, a temple dedicated to Athena in Athens, was built at the site later used for the Parthenon.

Births

586 BC—Duke Dao of Jin, ruler of the State of Jin (d. 558 BC)^{[citation needed]}
586/585 BC—Anaximenes of Miletus, Greek philosopher (died 526/525 BC)

Deaths

589 BC—Psamtik II
586 BC—King Ding of Zhou, king of the Zhou dynasty of China^{[citation needed]}
April 9, 585 BC—Emperor Jimmu of Japan (according to legend)
585 BC—King Cyaxares of Media
585 BC—King Alyattes of Lydia
585 BC—Rusa IV of Urartu
585 BC—Nitocris I, Egyptian priestess
582 BC—Duke Qing of Qi
581 BC—Duke Jing of Jin
580 BC—Cyrus I of Anshan

References

1 2 Clayton, Peter A., ed. (2012). Chronicle of the Pharaohs: the reign-by-reign record of the rulers and dynasties of ancient Egypt (1. paperback ed., repr ed.). London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-28628-9.
↑ Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2018). A history of Babylon, 2200 BC-AD 75. Blackwell history of the ancient world. Chichester [Weinheim]: Wiley Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-8899-9.
↑ Elayi, Josette; Plummer, Andrew (2018). The history of Phoenicia. Atlanta, GA: Lockwood Press. ISBN 978-1-937040-81-9.
↑ Zou, Qiuming. 左传 [Zuo Zhuan] (in Chinese). 六月癸酉，季孙行父、臧孙许、叔孙侨如、公孙婴齐帅师会晋郤克、卫孙良夫、曹公子首及齐侯战于鞍，齐师败绩。
↑ Note on Jeremiah 52:4 in NET Bible
↑ Edwin Thiele, The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). ISBN 978-0-8254-3825-7, ISBN 978-0-8254-3825-7.
↑ Young, Rodger C. (2004). "When Did Jerusalem Fall?" (PDF). Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society: 21–38. The conclusions from the analysis are as follows. (1) Jerusalem fell in the fourth month (Tammuz) of 587 BC. All sources which bear on the question—Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and 2 Kings—are consistent in dating the event in that year.
↑ Asimov, Isaac (1965) The Greeks, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, p. 91
↑ "THE KINGDOM OF GODS: URARTU/BIAINILI. URARTU. THE KINGDOM OF VAN 9TH – 6TH CC. BC – HMA". Retrieved 10 September 2026.
1 2 Dale, Alexander (2015). "WALWET and KUKALIM: Lydian coin legends, dynastic succession, and the chronology of Mermnad kings". Kadmos. 54: 151–166. doi:10.1515/kadmos-2015-0008. S2CID 165043567. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
↑ Merola, Marco (2019). "Sicily's Lost Theater". Archaeology. 72 (2): 51. JSTOR 26822814. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
↑ "PAN HELLENIC GAMES". pythiangames.org. Retrieved 10 September 2026.
↑ Holt, Andrew; Curta, Florin. Great Events in Religion An Encyclopedia of Pivotal Events in Religious History. ABC-CLIO. p. 70. ISBN 9781610695664.
↑ Jien (1979). Brown, Delmer M.; Ishida, Ichirō (eds.). The Future and the Past A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219. University of California Press. p. 250.
↑ Suzuki, Masanobu (12 May 2016). Clans and Religion in Ancient Japan The Mythology of Mt. Miwa. Taylor & Francis. p. 136. ISBN 9781317209355.
↑ "History of Athens: the early period". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
↑ Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson (2004), p. 247.

[psamtik2-1] 1 2 Clayton, Peter A., ed. (2012). Chronicle of the Pharaohs: the reign-by-reign record of the rulers and dynasties of ancient Egypt (1. paperback ed., repr ed.). London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-28628-9.

[2] Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2018). A history of Babylon, 2200 BC-AD 75. Blackwell history of the ancient world. Chichester [Weinheim]: Wiley Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-8899-9.

[3] Elayi, Josette; Plummer, Andrew (2018). The history of Phoenicia. Atlanta, GA: Lockwood Press. ISBN 978-1-937040-81-9.

[4] Zou, Qiuming. 左传 [Zuo Zhuan] (in Chinese). 六月癸酉，季孙行父、臧孙许、叔孙侨如、公孙婴齐帅师会晋郤克、卫孙良夫、曹公子首及齐侯战于鞍，齐师败绩。

[5] Note on Jeremiah 52:4 in NET Bible

[Thiele-6] Edwin Thiele, The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). ISBN 978-0-8254-3825-7, ISBN 978-0-8254-3825-7.

[Young-7] Young, Rodger C. (2004). "When Did Jerusalem Fall?" (PDF). Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society: 21–38. The conclusions from the analysis are as follows. (1) Jerusalem fell in the fourth month (Tammuz) of 587 BC. All sources which bear on the question—Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and 2 Kings—are consistent in dating the event in that year.

[8] Asimov, Isaac (1965) The Greeks, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, p. 91

[9] "THE KINGDOM OF GODS: URARTU/BIAINILI. URARTU. THE KINGDOM OF VAN 9TH – 6TH CC. BC – HMA". Retrieved 10 September 2026.

[Dale-10] 1 2 Dale, Alexander (2015). "WALWET and KUKALIM: Lydian coin legends, dynastic succession, and the chronology of Mermnad kings". Kadmos. 54: 151–166. doi:10.1515/kadmos-2015-0008. S2CID 165043567. Retrieved 10 November 2021.

[11] Merola, Marco (2019). "Sicily's Lost Theater". Archaeology. 72 (2): 51. JSTOR 26822814. Retrieved 17 February 2024.

[12] "PAN HELLENIC GAMES". pythiangames.org. Retrieved 10 September 2026.

[13] Holt, Andrew; Curta, Florin. Great Events in Religion An Encyclopedia of Pivotal Events in Religious History. ABC-CLIO. p. 70. ISBN 9781610695664.

[14] Jien (1979). Brown, Delmer M.; Ishida, Ichirō (eds.). The Future and the Past A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219. University of California Press. p. 250.

[15] Suzuki, Masanobu (12 May 2016). Clans and Religion in Ancient Japan The Mythology of Mt. Miwa. Taylor & Francis. p. 136. ISBN 9781317209355.

[16] "History of Athens: the early period". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 19 February 2024.

[17] Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson (2004), p. 247.