Advanced Intelligent Tape

AIT tapes

Advanced Intelligent Tape (AIT) is a discontinued high-speed, high-capacity magnetic-tape data storage format developed and controlled by Sony. It was introduced in 1996 to use Advanced Metal Evaporated (AME) technology[clarification needed]. It competed mainly against the DLT, LTO, DAT/DDS, and VXA formats. AIT uses 8 mm tape in a cassette similar to Video8. Super AIT (SAIT) is a higher-capacity variant using wider half-inch (1/2"; 12.7 mm) tape in a larger, single-spool cartridge. Both AIT and SAIT use the helical scan method of reading and writing to the tape.

Form factors

AIT technology was available in two form factors:

In March 2010, Sony announced the discontinuation of the AIT product line and renewed collaboration with Hewlett-Packard on further development of the DDS tape format,

Compatibility

One of the most compelling features of the AIT format is that many generations are both backwards and forwards compatible.[citation needed] This allows multiple generations of tape drives to both read and write to multiple generations of tape media.</ref>

AIT generations

Generation AIT-E Turbo AIT-1 AIT-1 Turbo AIT-2 AIT-2 Turbo
Release date 2004 1996 2004 1999
Native capacity (GB) 20 25, 35 40 36, 50 80
Max speed (MB/s) 6 3, 4 6 6 12
Encoding Trellis coding for partial response (TCPR)
RPM[clarification needed] 4800 6400
Tape length (m) 98 170, 230 186 170, 230 186
Tape thickness (μm) 6.6 7.0, 5.3 6.6 7.0, 5.3 6.6

AIT-1

  • Original specification's data capacity up to 25 GB native and up to 65 GB compressed, with a data transfer speed of 3 MB/s.
  • Extended length tape, introduced in 1999 gave additional capacity, 35 GB.
  • Speed increased to 4 MB/s in 2001.
  • Turbo variant, introduced in 2004, is 50% faster (6 MB/s) and holds 40 GB.
  • A budget version, AIT-E Turbo, was also introduced in 2004 to compete with DDS.
  • SATA version of AIT-1 Turbo available in 2006.

AIT-2

  • Doubled capacity and transfer speed
  • WORM technology introduced
  • Turbo variant has 100% higher capacity and is 100% faster (same speed as AIT-3)
  • Turbo variant introduced R-MIC technology
  • SATA version of AIT-2 Turbo available in 2006
  • Higher-capacity TAIT2-80N (Turbo) 80 GB native.
Generation AIT-3 AIT-3Ex AIT-4 AIT-5 AIT-6
Release date 2001 2006 2005 2006 cancelled
Native capacity (GB) 100 150 200 400 800
Max speed (MB/s) 12 18 24 24
Encoding Extended TC-PRML Turbo-coded modulation Turbo-coded modulation
Tape length (m) 230 246 246
Tape thickness (μm) 5.3 4.8 4.8
WORM-capable Yes Yes Yes Yes

AIT-3

  • Doubled capacity and transfer speed
  • Ex variant has 50% higher capacity and is 50% faster

AIT-4

  • Doubled capacity and transfer speed
  • New tape formulation, AME-2
  • Not compatible with previous generations

AIT-5

  • Available September 27, 2006
  • Announced July 2006, hardware and media expected "in the fall".
  • Doubled capacity (via halved tracked pitch to 2.2 μm), maintained transfer speed.
  • Backwards compatible with AIT-3, AIT-3Ex, AIT-4
  • New tape formulation, AME-3, which uses finer cobalt particles, resulting in SNR gain of 1 dB compared with AIT-4/AME-2.
  • A switch to GMR head technology (Flux Guide GMR).

SAIT generations

Comparison of "supertape" capacities, including SAIT
Generation SAIT-1 SAIT-2 SAIT-3 SAIT-4
Release date 2003 2006 cancelled cancelled
Native capacity (GB) 500 800 2000 4000
Max speed (MB/s) 30 45 120 240
Tape length (m) 600 640
Tape thickness (μm) 8.6

SAIT-1

  • Highest-capacity tape cartridge from 2003 to 2006. Displaced by DLT-S4 (800 GB).

The AIT format was developed and is controlled by Sony.</ref>

SAIT-2

Released in 2006 by Sony, available only in libraries, 800 GB native and 45 MB/s sustained transfer rate.

Technical features

AME

Advanced Metal Evaporated is a different formulation of tape media.

MIC

Memory-in-Cassette is a 16–64 KB memory chip in the cartridge that keeps relevant information about the data on the tape to allow quicker access. The drive did not have to read the whole tape until it came across the file required like a file index.

R-MIC

Remote-Memory in Cassette. Like MIC, except it does not require physical contact.

WORM

Write once read many functionality, useful for archive keeping.