List of governors of Alabama

Governor of Alabama
Governor of Alabama
	Seal of the governor
	Standard of the governor
	Incumbent; Kay Ivey; since April 10, 2017
	Government of Alabama
Style	Governor; (informal); The Honorable; (formal);
Status	Head of state; Head of government;
Residence	Alabama Governor's Mansion
Term length	Four years, renewable once consecutively;
Precursor	Governor of Alabama Territory
Inaugural holder	William W. Bibb
Formation	December 14, 1819; (206 years ago)
Succession	Line of succession
Deputy	Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
Salary	$134,780 (2026)
Website	governor.alabama.gov

The governor of Alabama is the head of government of the U.S. state of Alabama. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Alabama's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws.

There have officially been 54 governors of the state of Alabama; this official numbering skips acting and military governors. The first governor, William W. Bibb, served as the only governor of the Alabama Territory. Five people have served as acting governor, bringing the total number of people serving as governor to 59, spread over 63 distinct terms. Four governors have served multiple non-consecutive terms: Bibb Graves, Jim Folsom, and Fob James each served two, and George Wallace served three non-consecutive periods. Officially, these non-consecutive terms are numbered only with the number of their first term. William D. Jelks also served non-consecutive terms, but his first term was in an acting capacity.

The longest-serving governor was George Wallace, who served 16 years over four terms. The shortest term for a non-acting governor was that of Hugh McVay, who served four and a half months after replacing the resigning Clement Comer Clay. Lurleen Wallace, the first wife of George Wallace, was the first woman to serve as governor of Alabama, and the third woman to serve as governor of any state. The current governor is Republican Kay Ivey, who took office on April 10, 2017 following Robert J. Bentley's resignation amidst a corruption scandal. She is the second female governor of Alabama.

Governors

Territory of Alabama

Alabama Territory was formed on March 3, 1817, from Mississippi Territory. It had only one governor appointed by the President of the United States before it became a state; he became the first state governor.

Governor of the Territory of Alabama
Governor		Term in office	Appointed by
	William W. Bibb (1781–1820)	September 25, 1817 – November 9, 1819 (776 days; elected state governor)	James Monroe

State of Alabama

Alabama was admitted to the Union on December 14, 1819. It seceded from the Union on January 11, 1861, and was a founding member of the Confederate States of America on February 8, 1861. Following the end of the American Civil War, Alabama during Reconstruction was part of the Third Military District, which exerted some control over governor appointments and elections. Alabama was readmitted to the Union on July 14, 1868.

The first Alabama Constitution, ratified in 1819, provided that a governor be elected every two years, limited to serve no more than 4 out of every 6 years. This limit remained in place until the constitution of 1868, which simply allowed governors to serve terms of two years. The current constitution of 1901 increased terms to four years, but prohibited governors from succeeding themselves. An amendment in 1968 allowed governors to succeed themselves once; a governor serving two consecutive terms can run again after waiting out the next term. The constitution had no set date for the commencement of a governor's term until 1901, when it was set at the first Monday after the second Tuesday in the January following an election. However, the Alabama Supreme Court ruled in 1911 that a governor's term ends at midnight at the end of Monday, and the next governor's term begins the next day, regardless of if they were sworn in on Monday.

The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1868, abolished in 1875, and recreated in 1901. According to the current constitution, should the governor be out of the state for more than 20 days, the lieutenant governor becomes acting governor, and if the office of governor becomes vacant the lieutenant governor ascends to the governorship. The governor and the lieutenant governor are elected at the same time but not on the same ticket.

Alabama was a strongly Democratic state before the Civil War, electing only candidates from the Democratic-Republican and Democratic parties. It had two Republican governors following Reconstruction, but after the Democratic Party re-established control, 112 years passed before voters chose another Republican. Since 2002, the state has continuously elected Republicans to the governorship.

Governors of the State of Alabama
No.	Governor		Term in office	Party	Election	Lt. governor
1		William W. Bibb (1781–1820)	November 9, 1819 – July 10, 1820 (245 days; died in office)	Democratic- Republican	1819	Office did not exist
2		Thomas Bibb (1783–1839)	July 10, 1820 – November 9, 1821 (488 days; retired)	Democratic- Republican	Succeeded from president of the Senate
3		Israel Pickens (1780–1827)	November 9, 1821 – November 25, 1825 (1478 days; term-limited)	Democratic- Republican	1821
3		Israel Pickens (1780–1827)		Democratic- Republican	1823
4		John Murphy (d. 1841)	November 25, 1825 – November 21, 1829 (1458 days; term-limited)	Jackson Democrat	1825
4		John Murphy (d. 1841)		Jackson Democrat	1827
5		Gabriel Moore (1785–1844)	November 21, 1829 – March 3, 1831 (468 days; resigned)	Jackson Democrat	1829
6		Samuel B. Moore (1789–1846)	March 3, 1831 – November 26, 1831 (269 days; lost election)	Jackson Democrat	Succeeded from president of the Senate
7		John Gayle (1792–1859)	November 26, 1831 – November 21, 1835 (1457 days; term-limited)	Jackson Democrat	1831
7		John Gayle (1792–1859)		Democratic	1833
8		Clement Comer Clay (1789–1866)	November 21, 1835 – July 17, 1837 (605 days; resigned)	Democratic	1835
9		Hugh McVay (1766–1851)	July 17, 1837 – November 21, 1837 (128 days; retired)	Democratic	Succeeded from president of the Senate
10		Arthur P. Bagby (1794–1858)	November 21, 1837 – November 22, 1841 (1463 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1837
10		Arthur P. Bagby (1794–1858)		Democratic	1839
11		Benjamin Fitzpatrick (1802–1869)	November 22, 1841 – December 9, 1845 (1479 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1841
11		Benjamin Fitzpatrick (1802–1869)		Democratic	1843
12		Joshua L. Martin (1799–1856)	December 9, 1845 – December 16, 1847 (738 days; retired)	Independent	1845
13		Reuben Chapman (1799–1882)	December 16, 1847 – December 17, 1849 (733 days; lost nomination)	Democratic	1847
14		Henry W. Collier (1801–1855)	December 17, 1849 – December 20, 1853 (1465 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1849
14		Henry W. Collier (1801–1855)		Democratic	1851
15		John A. Winston (1812–1871)	December 20, 1853 – December 1, 1857 (1443 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1853
15		John A. Winston (1812–1871)		Democratic	1855
16		Andrew B. Moore (1807–1873)	December 1, 1857 – December 2, 1861 (1463 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1857
16		Andrew B. Moore (1807–1873)		Democratic	1859
17		John Gill Shorter (1818–1872)	December 2, 1861 – December 1, 1863 (730 days; lost election)	Democratic	1861
18		Thomas H. Watts (1819–1892)	December 1, 1863 – May 3, 1865 (520 days; arrested and removed)	Whig	1863
—	Vacant		May 3, 1865 – June 21, 1865 (50 days)	Office vacated after civil war
19		Lewis E. Parsons (1817–1895)	June 21, 1865 – December 13, 1865 (176 days; retired)	Provisional governor appointed by President
20		Robert M. Patton (1809–1885)	December 13, 1865 – July 14, 1868 (945 days; retired)	Non-partisan	1865
—		Wager Swayne (1834–1902)	March 2, 1867 – January 11, 1868 (316 days; removed)	Military occupation
21		William Hugh Smith (1826–1899)	July 14, 1868 – November 26, 1870 (866 days; lost election)	Republican	1868		Andrew J. Applegate (died August 21, 1870)
21		William Hugh Smith (1826–1899)	July 14, 1868 – November 26, 1870 (866 days; lost election)	Republican	1868	Vacant
22		Robert B. Lindsay (1824–1902)	November 26, 1870 – November 25, 1872 (731 days; retired)	Democratic	1870		Edward H. Moren
23		David P. Lewis (1820–1884)	November 25, 1872 – November 24, 1874 (730 days; lost election)	Republican	1872		Alexander McKinstry
24		George S. Houston (1811–1879)	November 24, 1874 – November 27, 1878 (1465 days; retired)	Democratic	1874		Robert F. Ligon
24		George S. Houston (1811–1879)	November 24, 1874 – November 27, 1878 (1465 days; retired)	Democratic	1876	Office did not exist
25		Rufus W. Cobb (1829–1913)	November 27, 1878 – December 1, 1882 (1466 days; retired)	Democratic	1878
25		Rufus W. Cobb (1829–1913)	November 27, 1878 – December 1, 1882 (1466 days; retired)	Democratic	1880
26		Edward A. O'Neal (1818–1890)	December 1, 1882 – December 1, 1886 (1462 days; retired)	Democratic	1882
26		Edward A. O'Neal (1818–1890)	December 1, 1882 – December 1, 1886 (1462 days; retired)	Democratic	1884
27		Thomas Seay (1846–1896)	December 1, 1886 – December 1, 1890 (1462 days; retired)	Democratic	1886
27		Thomas Seay (1846–1896)	December 1, 1886 – December 1, 1890 (1462 days; retired)	Democratic	1888
28		Thomas G. Jones (1844–1914)	December 1, 1890 – December 1, 1894 (1462 days; retired)	Democratic	1890
28		Thomas G. Jones (1844–1914)	December 1, 1890 – December 1, 1894 (1462 days; retired)	Democratic	1892
29		William C. Oates (1835–1910)	December 1, 1894 – December 1, 1896 (732 days; retired)	Democratic	1894
30		Joseph F. Johnston (1843–1913)	December 1, 1896 – December 1, 1900 (1461 days; retired)	Democratic	1896
30		Joseph F. Johnston (1843–1913)	December 1, 1896 – December 1, 1900 (1461 days; retired)	Democratic	1898
—		William D. Jelks (1855–1931)	December 1, 1900 – December 26, 1900 (26 days; acting)	Democratic	President of the Senate acting
31		William J. Samford (1844–1901)	December 1, 1900 – June 11, 1901 (193 days; died in office)	Democratic	1900
32		William D. Jelks (1855–1931)	June 11, 1901 – January 14, 1907 (2044 days; term-limited)	Democratic	Succeeded from president of the Senate
32		William D. Jelks (1855–1931)	June 11, 1901 – January 14, 1907 (2044 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1902		Russell McWhortor Cunningham (acted as governor April 25, 1904–March 5, 1905)
33		B. B. Comer (1848–1927)	January 14, 1907 – January 16, 1911 (1464 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1906		Henry B. Gray
34		Emmet O'Neal (1853–1922)	January 17, 1911 – January 18, 1915 (1463 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1910		Walter D. Seed Sr.
35		Charles Henderson (1860–1937)	January 19, 1915 – January 20, 1919 (1463 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1914		Thomas Kilby
36		Thomas Kilby (1865–1943)	January 21, 1919 – January 15, 1923 (1456 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1918		Nathan Lee Miller
37		William W. Brandon (1868–1934)	January 16, 1923 – January 17, 1927 (1463 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1922		Charles S. McDowell (acted as governor July 10, 1924–July 11, 1924)
38		Bibb Graves (1873–1942)	January 18, 1927 – January 19, 1931 (1463 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1926		William C. Davis
39		Benjamin M. Miller (1864–1944)	January 20, 1931 – January 14, 1935 (1456 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1930		Hugh Davis Merrill
38		Bibb Graves (1873–1942)	January 15, 1935 – January 16, 1939 (1463 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1934		Thomas E. Knight Jr. (died May 17, 1937)
38		Bibb Graves (1873–1942)		Democratic	1934	Vacant
40		Frank M. Dixon (1892–1965)	January 17, 1939 – January 18, 1943 (1463 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1938		Albert A. Carmichael
41		Chauncey Sparks (1884–1968)	January 19, 1943 – January 20, 1947 (1463 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1942		Leven H. Ellis
42		Jim Folsom (1908–1987)	January 21, 1947 – January 15, 1951 (1456 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1946		James C. Inzer
43		Gordon Persons (1902–1965)	January 16, 1951 – January 17, 1955 (1463 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1950		James Allen
42		Jim Folsom (1908–1987)	January 18, 1955 – January 19, 1959 (1463 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1954		William G. Hardwick
44		John M. Patterson (1921–2021)	January 20, 1959 – January 14, 1963 (1456 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1958		Albert Boutwell
45		George Wallace (1919–1998)	January 15, 1963 – January 16, 1967 (1463 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1962		James Allen
46		Lurleen Wallace (1926–1968)	January 17, 1967 – May 7, 1968 (477 days; died in office)	Democratic	1966		Albert Brewer (acted as governor July 25, 1967)
47		Albert Brewer (1928–2017)	May 7, 1968 – January 18, 1971 (987 days; lost nomination)	Democratic	Succeeded from lieutenant governor	Vacant
45		George Wallace (1919–1998)	January 19, 1971 – January 15, 1979 (2919 days; term-limited)	Democratic	1970		Jere Beasley (acted as governor June 5, 1972–July 7, 1972)
45		George Wallace (1919–1998)		Democratic	1974		Jere Beasley (acted as governor June 5, 1972–July 7, 1972)
48		Fob James (b. 1934)	January 16, 1979 – January 17, 1983 (1463 days; retired)	Democratic	1978		George McMillan
45		George Wallace (1919–1998)	January 18, 1983 – January 19, 1987 (1463 days; retired)	Democratic	1982		Bill Baxley
49		H. Guy Hunt (1933–2009)	January 20, 1987 – April 22, 1993 (2285 days; removed)	Republican	1986		Jim Folsom Jr.
49		H. Guy Hunt (1933–2009)	January 20, 1987 – April 22, 1993 (2285 days; removed)	Republican	1990		Jim Folsom Jr.
50		Jim Folsom Jr. (b. 1949)	April 22, 1993 – January 16, 1995 (635 days; lost election)	Democratic	Succeeded from lieutenant governor	Vacant
48		Fob James (b. 1934)	January 17, 1995 – January 18, 1999 (1463 days; lost election)	Republican	1994		Don Siegelman
51		Don Siegelman (b. 1946)	January 19, 1999 – January 20, 2003 (1463 days; lost election)	Democratic	1998		Steve Windom
52		Bob Riley (b. 1944)	January 21, 2003 – January 17, 2011 (2919 days; term-limited)	Republican	2002		Lucy Baxley
52		Bob Riley (b. 1944)		Republican	2006		Jim Folsom Jr.
53		Robert J. Bentley (b. 1943)	January 18, 2011 – April 10, 2017 (2275 days; resigned)	Republican	2010		Kay Ivey
53		Robert J. Bentley (b. 1943)	January 18, 2011 – April 10, 2017 (2275 days; resigned)	Republican	2014		Kay Ivey
54		Kay Ivey (b. 1944)	April 10, 2017 – Incumbent (in office 3479 days)	Republican	Succeeded from lieutenant governor	Vacant
					2018		Will Ainsworth
					2022		Will Ainsworth

Timeline

Timeline of Alabama governors

Elections

Gubernatorial elections of the State of Alabama
Election date	Incumbent		Winner		Runner-up		Term start date	Term definitions
Election date	Incumbent		Winner		Runner-up		Term start date	Length	Limit	Beginning
September 20–21 1819	new office			William W. Bibb Dem.-Rep., 53.8%		Marmaduke Williams Unknown, 46.2%	November 9, 1819	1819 constitution
September 20–21 1819	new office			William W. Bibb Dem.-Rep., 53.8%		Marmaduke Williams Unknown, 46.2%	November 9, 1819	Two years	Four out of six years	None
August 6 1821		Thomas Bibb Dem.-Rep., retiring		Israel Pickens Dem.-Rep., 57.4%		Henry H. Chambers Unknown, 42.6%	November 9, 1821
August 4 1823		Israel Pickens Dem.-Rep., running		Israel Pickens Dem.-Rep., 60.1%		Henry H. Chambers Unknown, 39.9%	November 24, 1823
August 1 1825		Israel Pickens Dem.-Rep., term-limited		John Murphy Dem.-Rep., 100%	unopposed		November 25, 1825
August 6 1827		John Murphy Dem.-Rep., running		John Murphy Dem.-Rep., 99.2%	unopposed		November 26, 1827
August 3 1829		John Murphy Dem.-Rep., term-limited		Gabriel Moore Dem.-Rep., 100%	unopposed		November 21, 1829
August 1 1831		Samuel B. Moore Dem.-Rep., running		John Gayle Dem.-Rep., 55.0%		Nicholas Davis Nat. Rep., 31.1%	November 26, 1831
August 5 1833		John Gayle Dem., running		John Gayle Dem., 100%	unopposed		November 28, 1833
August 3 1835		John Gayle Dem., term-limited		Clement Comer Clay Dem., 65.6%		Enoch Parsons Whig, 34.4%	November 21, 1835
August 7 1837		Hugh McVay Dem., retiring		Arthur P. Bagby Dem., 54.8%		Samuel W. Oliver Anti-Van Buren Democrat, 45.2%	November 21, 1837
August 3 1839		Arthur P. Bagby Dem., running		Arthur P. Bagby Dem., 92.3%		Arthur F. Hopkins Whig, 7.7%	December 18, 1839
August 2 1841		Arthur P. Bagby Dem., term-limited		Benjamin Fitzpatrick Dem., 56.9%		James White McClung Whig, 43.1%	November 22, 1841
August 7 1843		Benjamin Fitzpatrick Dem., running		Benjamin Fitzpatrick Dem., 100%	unopposed		December 8, 1843
August 4 1845		Benjamin Fitzpatrick Dem., term-limited		Joshua L. Martin Ind., 53.5%		Nathaniel Terry Dem., 45.3%	December 9, 1845
August 2 1847		Joshua L. Martin Ind., retiring		Reuben Chapman Dem., 56.8%		Nicholas Davis Whig, 43.2%	December 16, 1847
August 6 1849		Reuben Chapman Dem., lost nomination		Henry W. Collier Dem., 98.2%	unopposed		December 17, 1849
August 4 1851		Henry W. Collier Dem., running		Henry W. Collier Dem., 85.8%		James Shields Whig, 13.2%	December 17, 1851
August 1 1853		Henry W. Collier Dem., term-limited		John A. Winston Dem., 62.7%		William S. Earnest Whig, 23.1%	December 20, 1853
August 6 1855		John A. Winston Dem., running		John A. Winston Dem., 57.8%		George D. Shortridge Know Nothing, 42.2%	December 20, 1855
August 3 1857		John A. Winston Dem., term-limited		Andrew B. Moore Dem., 94.5%	unopposed		December 1, 1857
August 1 1859		Andrew B. Moore Dem., running		Andrew B. Moore Dem., 72.8%		William F. Samford Southern Rights Dem., 27.2%	December 1, 1859
August 5 1861		Andrew B. Moore Dem., term-limited		John Gill Shorter Dem., 57.6%		Thomas H. Watts Whig, 42.4%	December 2, 1861
August 3 1863		John Gill Shorter Dem., running		Thomas H. Watts Whig, 77.8%		John Gill Shorter Dem., 22.2%	December 1, 1863
November 6 1865		Lewis E. Parsons Appointed, retiring		Robert M. Patton Nonpartisan, 45.2%		Michael J. Bulger Nonpartisan, 35.9%	December 13, 1865	1865 constitution
November 6 1865		Lewis E. Parsons Appointed, retiring		Robert M. Patton Nonpartisan, 45.2%		Michael J. Bulger Nonpartisan, 35.9%	December 13, 1865	Two years	Four out of six years	None
February 4 1868		Robert M. Patton Whig, retiring		William Hugh Smith Rep., 100%	unopposed		July 14, 1868	1868 constitution
February 4 1868		Robert M. Patton Whig, retiring		William Hugh Smith Rep., 100%	unopposed		July 14, 1868	Two years	None	None
November 8 1870		William Hugh Smith Rep., running		Robert B. Lindsay Dem., 50.5%		William Hugh Smith Rep., 49.5%	November 26, 1870
November 5 1872		Robert B. Lindsay Dem., retiring		David P. Lewis Rep., 52.5%		Thomas H. Herndon Dem., 47.5%	November 25, 1872
November 3 1874		David P. Lewis Rep., running		George S. Houston Dem., 53.3%		David P. Lewis Rep., 46.7%	November 24, 1874
August 7 1876		George S. Houston Dem., running		George S. Houston Dem., 63.4%		Noadiah Woodruff Rep., 36.6%	November 25, 1876	1875 constitution
August 7 1876		George S. Houston Dem., running		George S. Houston Dem., 63.4%		Noadiah Woodruff Rep., 36.6%	November 25, 1876	Two years	None	None
August 5 1878		George S. Houston Dem., retiring		Rufus W. Cobb Dem., 100%	unopposed		November 27, 1878
August 2 1880		Rufus W. Cobb Dem., running		Rufus W. Cobb Dem., 76.1%		James Madison Pickens Greenback, 23.9%	November 30, 1880
August 7 1882		Rufus W. Cobb Dem., retiring		Edward A. O'Neal Dem., 68.7%		James L. Sheffield Rep., 31.3%	December 1, 1882
August 4 1884		Edward A. O'Neal Dem., running		Edward A. O'Neal Dem., 99.7%	unopposed		December 1, 1884
August 2 1886		Edward A. O'Neal Dem., retiring		Thomas Seay Dem., 79.4%		Arthur Bingham Rep., 20.1%	December 1, 1886
August 6 1888		Thomas Seay Dem., running		Thomas Seay Dem., 77.6%		W. T. Ewing Rep., 22.2%	December 1, 1888
August 4 1890		Thomas Seay Dem., retiring		Thomas G. Jones Dem., 76.1%		Benjamin M. Long Rep., 23.1%	December 1, 1890
August 1 1892		Thomas G. Jones Dem., running		Thomas G. Jones Dem., 52.2%		Reuben Kolb Ind. Dem. , 47.5%	December 1, 1892
August 6 1894		Thomas G. Jones Dem., retiring		William C. Oates Dem., 57.1%		Reuben Kolb Pop., 42.9%	December 1, 1894
August 3 1896		William C. Oates Dem., retiring		Joseph F. Johnston Dem., 59.0%		Albert T. Goodwyn Pop., 41.0%	December 1, 1896
August 1 1898		Joseph F. Johnston Dem., running		Joseph F. Johnston Dem., 67.0%		Albert T. Goodwyn Pop., 30.3%	December 1, 1898
August 6 1900		Joseph F. Johnston Dem., retiring		William J. Samford Dem., 71.0%		John A. Steele Rep., 17.4%	December 1, 1900
November 2 1902		William D. Jelks Dem., running		William D. Jelks Dem., 73.7%		John A. W. Smith Rep., 26.3%	January 19, 1903	1901 constitution
November 2 1902		William D. Jelks Dem., running		William D. Jelks Dem., 73.7%		John A. W. Smith Rep., 26.3%	January 19, 1903	Four years	Cannot succeed self	First Monday after second Tuesday in January
November 6 1906		William D. Jelks Dem., term-limited		B. B. Comer Dem., 85.5%		Asa E. Stratton Rep., 13.9%	January 14, 1907
November 8 1910		B. B. Comer Dem., term-limited		Emmet O'Neal Dem., 78.7%		Joseph Oswalt Thompson Rep., 19.4%	January 17, 1911
November 3 1914		Emmet O'Neal Dem., term-limited		Charles Henderson Dem., 78.7%		John B. Shields Rep., 15.1%	January 19, 1915
November 2 1918		Charles Henderson Dem., term-limited		Thomas Kilby Dem., 80.2%		Dallas B. Smith Ind., 19.8%	January 21, 1919
November 7 1922		Thomas Kilby Dem., term-limited		William W. Brandon Dem., 77.6%		Oliver D. Street Rep., 21.3%	January 16, 1923
November 2 1926		William W. Brandon Dem., term-limited		Bibb Graves Dem., 81.2%		J. A. Bingham Rep., 18.8%	January 18, 1927
November 4 1930		Bibb Graves Dem., term-limited		Benjamin M. Miller Dem., 61.8%		Hugh A. Locke Ind., 38.2%	January 20, 1931
November 2 1934		Benjamin M. Miller Dem., term-limited		Bibb Graves Dem., 86.9%		Edmund H. Dryer Rep., 12.7%	January 15, 1935
November 8 1938		Bibb Graves Dem., retiring		Frank M. Dixon Dem., 87.4%		W. A. Clardy Rep., 12.5%	January 17, 1939
November 3 1942		Frank M. Dixon Dem., term-limited		Chauncey Sparks Dem., 89.0%		Hugh McEniry Rep., 10.5%	January 19, 1943
November 5 1946		Chauncey Sparks Dem., term-limited		Jim Folsom Dem., 88.7%		Lyman Ward Rep., 11.3%	January 21, 1947
November 7 1950		Jim Folsom Dem., term-limited		Gordon Persons Dem., 91.1%		John S. Crowder Rep., 8.9%	January 16, 1951
November 2 1954		Gordon Persons Dem., term-limited		Jim Folsom Dem., 73.4%		Tom Abernathy Rep., 26.6%	January 18, 1955
November 4 1958		Jim Folsom Dem., term-limited		John M. Patterson Dem., 88.4%		William Longshore Rep., 11.2%	January 20, 1959
November 6 1962		John M. Patterson Dem., term-limited		George Wallace Dem., 96.3%		Frank P. Walls Ind., 3.7%	January 15, 1963
November 8 1966		George Wallace Dem., term-limited		Lurleen Wallace Dem., 63.4%		James D. Martin Rep., 31.0%	January 17, 1967
November 3 1970		Albert Brewer Dem., lost nomination		George Wallace Dem., 74.5%		John L. Cashin Jr. Nat. Dem., 14.7%	January 19, 1971		1968 amendment
November 3 1970		Albert Brewer Dem., lost nomination		George Wallace Dem., 74.5%		John L. Cashin Jr. Nat. Dem., 14.7%	January 19, 1971		Can succeed self once
November 5 1974		George Wallace Dem., running		George Wallace Dem., 83.2%		Elvin McCary Rep., 14.8%	January 21, 1975
November 7 1978		George Wallace Dem., term-limited		Fob James Dem., 72.6%		H. Guy Hunt Rep., 25.9%	January 16, 1979
November 2 1982		Fob James Dem., retiring		George Wallace Dem., 57.6%		Emory Folmar Rep., 39.1%	January 18, 1983
November 4 1986		George Wallace Dem., retiring		H. Guy Hunt Rep., 56.4%		Bill Baxley Dem., 43.6%	January 20, 1987
November 6 1990		H. Guy Hunt Rep., running		H. Guy Hunt Rep., 52.1%		Paul Hubbert Dem., 47.9%	January 15, 1991
November 8 1994		Jim Folsom Jr. Dem., running		Fob James Rep., 50.4%		Jim Folsom Jr. Dem., 49.6%	January 17, 1995
November 3 1998		Fob James Rep., running		Don Siegelman Dem., 57.8%		Fob James Rep., 42.2%	January 19, 1999
November 5 2002		Don Siegelman Dem., running		Bob Riley Rep., 49.2%		Don Siegelman Dem., 48.9%	January 21, 2003
November 7 2006		Bob Riley Rep., running		Bob Riley Rep., 57.4%		Lucy Baxley Dem., 41.6%	January 16, 2007
November 2 2010		Bob Riley Rep., term-limited		Robert J. Bentley Rep., 57.6%		Ron Sparks Dem., 41.9%	January 18, 2011
November 4 2014		Robert J. Bentley Rep., running		Robert J. Bentley Rep., 63.6%		Parker Griffith Dem., 36.2%	January 20, 2015
November 6 2018		Kay Ivey Rep., running		Kay Ivey Rep., 59.5%		Walt Maddox Dem., 40.4%	January 15, 2019
November 8 2022		Kay Ivey Rep., running		Kay Ivey Rep., 66.9%		Yolanda Flowers Dem., 29.2%	January 17, 2023
November 3 2026		Kay Ivey Rep., term-limited	Upcoming election; results to be determined				January 19, 2027	2022 constitution
November 3 2026		Kay Ivey Rep., term-limited	Upcoming election; results to be determined				January 19, 2027	Four years	Can succeed self once	First Monday after second Tuesday in January

Notes

↑ Records are scarce as to when Bibb was actually appointed. The territory was formed on March 3, 1817, but he was appointed by President James Monroe, who did not take office until the next day. The earliest known contemporary news report on his nomination was on May 23, and other major sources say he first received his commission on September 25. He was formally nominated on December 12, and confirmed by the Senate on December 15.
↑ The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1868, abolished in 1875, and recreated in 1901.
↑ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
1 2 William Wyatt Bibb died on July 10, 1820. Multiple sources state that Thomas Bibb did not succeed him until either July 15 or July 25. It is unknown if this was the formal inauguration, or if a vacancy existed in the office; it is assumed that succession was automatic, as per the constitution, and that Thomas Bibb's term began on July 10.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Under the 1819 constitution, governors were limited to no more than four years out of every term of six years.
↑ Moore resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.
1 2 3 Sources disagree on the exact date McVay succeeded Clay, with the Alabama Department of Archives and History and National Governors Association mentioning both July 16, 1837, and July 17, though July 17 is used more prominently. However, the earliest contemporary news report of Clay's resignation is August 6. Clay did not take office in the Senate until September 4.
↑ Clay resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.
↑ One contemporary source states Martin withdrew in the final days of the election, but the major sources state he simply did not run.
↑ Sources sometimes label Martin as an "Independent Democrat".
1 2 Modern sources disagree on when Watts was removed and arrested, but contemporary news sources report he was arrested on May 3, 1865.
↑ Watts was arrested by Union forces soon after the American Civil War ended; he was released a few weeks later.
1 2 3 Sources, even contemporary reporting, disagree on when Smith succeeded Patton. Modern sources tend to say Patton left office on July 24, 1868, but older sources place it on July 12, July 13, or July 14. The journal of the Alabama Senate placed it on July 14.
↑ The 1865 election was non-partisan; politically, Patton was a Whig.
↑ The date given for Swayne is the date of the first Reconstruction Act, which placed Alabama into the Third Military District; all references only say "March 1867" and when the Reconstruction Acts were passed.
↑ In December 1867, President Andrew Johnson ordered the removal of Major General Swayne. He was replaced on January 11, 1868, by Major General Julius Hayden.
↑ The United States Congress stripped Patton of most of his authority in March 1867, after which time the state was effectively under the control of Major General Swayne.
1 2 Lindsay was sworn into office on November 26, 1870, but Smith refused to leave his seat for two weeks, claiming Lindsay was fraudulently elected; he finally left office on December 8, when a court so ordered.
↑ The date of Applegate's inauguration is more ambiguous than Smith's, as the Senate journal doesn't even record when he was sworn in; it is possible he was sworn in on July 13.
↑ Houston was instead elected to the United States Senate.
↑ Seay instead ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate.
↑ Johnston instead ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate.
1 2 Samford was ill at the start of his term on December 1, and was unable to perform his duties until December 26. President of the Senate Jelks acted as governor until he could take office, with the formal request for him to act as governor made on December 3.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Under the 1901 constitution, governors were not eligible to succeed themselves.
↑ Jelks was out of state for medical treatment for nearly a year; Lieutenant Governor Cunningham acted as governor in his absence.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 The constitutional start date for 1911 was January 16, and that is when Emmet O'Neal was sworn in. However, the Supreme Court of Alabama ruled in the case of Oberhaus v. State ex rel. McNamara that, regardless of when the swearing in took place, B. B. Comer's term did not end until the end of Monday, and O'Neal's term did not begin until the first minute of the next day. This precedent appears to have quietly continued, as coverage of Robert J. Bentley's inauguration in 2011 noted he would not officially take office until midnight. Therefore, governors since 1911 that served to the end of their term are noted as leaving office on Monday, and their successor taking office on Tuesday.
↑ Brandon was out of state for 21 days as a delegate to the 1924 Democratic National Convention; Lieutenant Governor McDowell acted as governor for two days.
↑ Wallace was out of state for 20 days for medical treatment. Lieutenant Governor Brewer became acting governor on July 25, 1967, and Wallace returned to the state later that day.
1 2 Under a 1968 amendment to the constitution, governors are eligible to succeed themselves once.
↑ Wallace was out of state for 52 days for medical treatment following an assassination attempt while campaigning for President of the United States; Lieutenant Governor Beasley acted as governor for 32 days.
↑ Hunt was convicted of illegally using campaign and inaugural funds to pay personal debts, a felony; as felons cannot serve as governor, he was removed from office, and Folsom became governor. He was later pardoned by the state parole board.
1 2 3 4 Represented the Democratic Party
↑ Represented the Republican Party
↑ Bentley resigned from office as part of a plea deal involving campaign violations.
↑ Ivey's second full term began on January 16, 2023, and will expire on January 18, 2027; she will be term-limited.
↑ William W. Bibb was the incumbent governor of Alabama Territory at the time of the election.
1 2 3 4 No start date was specified in the constitution; the inauguration usually occurred within a week of the election's certification.
↑ Thomas Bibb succeeded William W. Bibb upon his death on July 10, 1820.
↑ Samuel B. Moore succeeded Gabriel Moore upon his resignation on March 3, 1831.
↑ McVay succeeded Clay upon his resignation on July 17, 1837.
↑ Parsons was appointed provisional governor by President Andrew Johnson following the arrest and removal of Watts at the end of the American Civil War.
↑ Jelks succeeded Samford upon his death on June 11, 1901.
↑ Brewer succeeded Wallace upon her death on May 7, 1868.
↑ Folsom succeeded Hunt upon his removal on April 22, 1993.
↑ Ivey succeeded Bentley upon his resignation on April 10, 2017.

References

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1 2
- "Politics in Alabama". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore (published November 26, 1872). November 25, 1872. p. 4. Archived from the original on July 16, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
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↑ Sobel 1978, p. 21.
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1 2 3 Thorpe 1909, p. 197, 1901 art. V, § 116.
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↑ Rosenburg, R. B. (June 7, 2021). "Emmet O'Neal (1911-15)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
↑ Betty, Berryman G. (January 16, 1911). "Notable Speeches As New Governor Takes Oath at Montgomery". Birmingham Age-Herald (published January 17, 1911). p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ White, David (January 17, 2011). "Robert Bentley Ready To Take Office As Next Alabama Governor". The Birmingham News. Archived from the original on July 20, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2026. Bentley under state law won't officially be governor until just after the stroke of midnight Tuesday morning.
↑ Sobel 1978, p. 30.
↑ "Charles Henderson". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
↑ Allen, Lee N. (June 1, 2021). "Charles Henderson (1915-19)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 "Henderson Takes Oath of Office As Next Governor". Montgomery Advertiser. January 19, 1915. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 30–31.
↑ "Thomas Erby Kilby". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 10, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
↑ Breedlove, Michael A. (June 3, 2021). "Thomas E. Kilby (1919-23)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 "New Chief Executive Takes Oath". Montgomery Advertiser. January 21, 1919. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 31–32.
↑ "William Woodward Brandon". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 13, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
↑ Allen, Lee N. (December 5, 2017). "William W. Brandon (1923-27)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 "Immense Crowd Cheers As William W. Brandon Takes Oath As State's Governor". Montgomery Advertiser. January 16, 1923. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 32–33.
1 2 "David Bibb Graves". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on August 13, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Flynt, J. Wayne (June 1, 2021). "David Bibb Graves (1927-31, 1935-39)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 "Thousands Hear New Governor Declare for Law Enforcement After Oath Is Administered". Montgomery Advertiser. January 18, 1927. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ Sobel 1978, p. 33.
↑ "Benjamin Meek Miller". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 13, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
↑ Feldman, Glenn (June 4, 2021). "Benjamin Meek Miller (1931-35)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 McCoy, Joseph R. (January 20, 1931). "10,000 Watch Inauguration of 39th Governor". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
1 2 Davis, George L. (January 15, 1935). "Col. Bibb Graves Again Assumes Alabama's Helm". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 33–34.
↑ "Frank Murray Dixon". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 10, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
↑ Feldman, Glenn (June 1, 2021). "Frank M. Dixon (1939-43)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 6, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Hugger, Robert (January 17, 1939). "Spectacular Parade, Throng Feature Dixon Administration". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 34–35.
↑ "Chauncey Sparks". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 17, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
↑ Jackson, Harvey H. (June 10, 2021). "Chauncey Sparks (1943-47)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 "Governor's Post Passes to Sparks". Montgomery Advertiser. January 19, 1943. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 35.
1 2 "James Elisha Folsom, Sr". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 17, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Grafton, Carl; Permaloff, Anne (April 1, 2019). "James E. "Big Jim" Folsom Sr. (1947-51, 1955-59)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 "Folsom Takes Oath As Governor". Selma Times-Journal. Associated Press. January 20, 1947. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ Sobel 1978, p. 36.
↑ "Seth Gordon Persons". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 10, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
↑ Bass, S. Jonathan (June 9, 2021). "Seth Gordon Persons (1951-55)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Wortsman, Gene (January 15, 1951). "Gov. Persons Enjoys His Biggest Moment Amidst Gay and Festive Capital City". Birmingham Post-Herald (published January 16, 1951). p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
1 2 Wortsman, Gene (January 17, 1955). "Hits at Snoopers and Informers". Birmingham Post-Herald (published January 18, 1955). p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 36–37.
↑ "John Malcolm Patterson". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on September 28, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
↑ Grafton, Carl; Permaloff, Anne (June 7, 2021). "John M. Patterson (1959-63)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 "Patterson Takes State's Highest Office". Montgomery Advertiser. January 20, 1959. p. 1A. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
1 2 3 4 Sobel 1978, pp. 37–38.
1 2 3 "George Corley Wallace". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 14, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 3 4 Eskew, Glenn T. (June 10, 2021). "George C. Wallace (1963-67, 1971-79, 1983-87)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Ingram, Bob (January 15, 1963). "Wallace Defies Federal Encroachment; 'Will Submit No More to Tyranny'". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1A. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ "Lurleen Burns Wallace". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 18, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
↑ Eskew, Glenn T. (June 30, 2017). "Lurleen B. Wallace (1967-68)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Wasson, Don F. (January 17, 1967). "Lurleen Becomes Governor". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ Alabama Official and Statistical Register. Alabama Department of Archives and History. 1975. p. 23. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via HathiTrust.
1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 39.
↑ "Albert Preston Brewer". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 18, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
↑ Harvey, Gordon (November 13, 2020). "Albert P. Brewer (1968-71)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Bryant, William O. (May 7, 1968). "Brewer Sworn In As New Governor". Alabama Journal. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
1 2 Wasson, Don F. (January 19, 1971). "Wallace Hints President Bid". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ "Amendment Is Carried". Selma Times-Journal. Associated Press. November 6, 1968. p. 1. Archived from the original on October 16, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ Sobel 1978, p. 40.
↑ Armbrester, Margaret E. (December 19, 2017). "Jere Beasley Sr. (1972)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 "Forrest Hood James". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 18, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 3 4 Stewart, William H. (June 2, 2021). "Forrest "Fob" James Jr. (1979-83, 1995-99)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Bryant, Ted (January 16, 1979). "'Bury Negative Prejudices of Past,' Gov. James Urges". Birmingham Post-Herald. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
1 2 Bryant, Ted (January 18, 1983). "A 'New' Wallace Sworn for Fourth Term". Birmingham Post-Herald. p. A1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ Mullaney 1994, pp. 3–9.
↑ "Harold Guy Hunt". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 11, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Stewart, William H. (June 6, 2021). "Guy Hunt (1987-93)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Ritchie, Bruce (January 20, 1987). "Hunt Proclaims New Day for State". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1A. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
1 2 3 Burger, Frederick (April 22, 1993). "Hunt Guilty: What's Next". The Anniston Star. p. 1A. Archived from the original on July 30, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ Nossiter, Adam (June 11, 1997). "Ex-Gov. Hunt of Alabama Cleared by Pardon Board". The New York Times (published June 12, 1997). p. 18. Archived from the original on November 10, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
↑ Mullaney 1994, pp. 11–12.
↑ "James Elisha Folsom, Jr". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 14, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Stewart, William H. (June 1, 2021). "James E. Folsom Jr. (1993-95)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 23, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 "Officials Look To Eliminate Power Delay". Selma Times-Journal. Associated Press. January 18, 1995. p. A5. Archived from the original on July 30, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ "Donald Eugene Siegelman". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 17, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Webb, Samuel L.; Armbrester, Margaret E. (June 9, 2021). "Don Siegelman (1999-2003)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Bryant, Ted (January 19, 1999). "Putting Children First". Birmingham Post-Herald. p. A1. Archived from the original on July 30, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ "Bob Riley". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 14, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Armbrester, Margaret E. (June 9, 2021). "Robert "Bob" Riley (2003-11)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Clanton, Brett (January 21, 2003). "Good Morning, Gov. Riley". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 30, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ "Robert Bentley". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 "Robert Bentley (2011-17)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Kitchen, Sebastian (January 18, 2011). "Governor Says State's 'Best Days Are Ahead'". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1A. Archived from the original on July 30, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ Blinder, Alan (April 10, 2017). "Robert Bentley, Alabama Governor, Resigns Amid Scandal". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 17, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
↑ "Kay Ivey". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on August 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Wilson, Claire (May 1, 2020). "Kay Ivey (2017- )". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 Tyler, Zach (April 11, 2017). "Governor Ivey: 'More Than Capable'". The Anniston Star. p. 1A. Archived from the original on July 30, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ Chandler, Kim (January 16, 2023). "Alabama Gov. Kay Ivey sworn in for her 2nd full term". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on January 16, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Kallenbach 1977, p. 33.
↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1823 sess. p. 28 – via Internet Archive.
↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1827–1828 sess. p. 30 – via Internet Archive.
↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1833–1834 sess. p. 46 – via Internet Archive.
↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1839–1840 sess. p. 80 – via Internet Archive.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kallenbach 1977, p. 34.
↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1843–1844 sess. p. 37 – via Internet Archive.
↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1851–1852 sess. p. 248 – via Internet Archive.
↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1855–1856 sess. p. 230 – via Internet Archive.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Kallenbach 1977, p. 35.
↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1859–1860 sess. p. 107 – via Internet Archive.
1 2 Thorpe 1909, p. 126, 1865 art. V, § 4.
↑ Thorpe 1909, p. 140, 1868 art. V, § 2.
↑ "none". Clarke County Democrat. December 7, 1876. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ Thorpe 1909, p. 164, 1875 art. V, § 5.
↑ "none". Montgomery Advertiser. December 1, 1880. p. 3. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kallenbach 1977, p. 36.
↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1884–1885 sess. p. 183 – via Internet Archive.
↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1888–1889 sess. p. 199 – via Internet Archive.
↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1892–1893 sess. p. 224 – via Internet Archive.
↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1898–1899 sess. p. 242 – via Internet Archive.
↑ "Samford Is Now Governor". Morning Times. Selma, Alabama (published December 2, 1900). December 1, 1900. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kallenbach 1977, p. 37.
↑ "Governor Took Oath of Office at Noon Today". The Birmingham News. January 19, 1903. p. 1. Archived from the original on December 4, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kallenbach 1977, p. 38.
↑ Kallenbach 1977, p. 39.
↑ "GCW Begins Ninth Year As Governor". Dothan Eagle. Associated Press. January 21, 1975. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1979. Alabama Department of Archives and History. 1979. pp. 294–296. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Internet Archive.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Election Results Archive - Governor" (XLS). Secretary of State of Alabama. Archived (XLS) from the original on March 22, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
↑ Roberts, Peggy (January 15, 1991). "Sworn in: Hunt Begins Second Term". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ Chandler, Kim (January 16, 2007). "These Are Remarkable Days". The Birmingham News. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ "Canvass of Results, General Election, November 4, 2014" (PDF). Secretary of State of Alabama. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
↑ Lyman, Brian (January 20, 2015). "Bentley Starts 2nd Term". Montgomery Advertiser. p. A3. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
↑ "Certified General Election Results" (PDF). Secretary of State of Alabama. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 23, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
↑ Chandler, Kim (January 14, 2019). "Alabama Gov. Kay Ivey sworn in for first full term". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on May 27, 2025. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
↑ "Final Canvass of Results" (PDF). Secretary of State of Alabama. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 18, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
↑ Chandler, Kim (January 16, 2023). "Alabama Gov. Kay Ivey sworn in for her 2nd full term". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
1 2 3 Ala. Const., art. V, § 116.

Bibliography

"Alabama Governors". Alabama Department of Archives and History. Archived from the original on September 6, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
"Former Alabama Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
"Our Campaigns - Governor of Alabama - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
"Our Campaigns - Governor of Alabama (CSA) - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
"Alabama Constitution". State Democracy Research Initiative. University of Wisconsin Law School. Retrieved October 12, 2026.
Dubin, Michael J. (2003). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1439-0 – via Internet Archive.
Dubin, Michael J. (2014). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5646-8 – via Google Books.
Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Meckler Books. ISBN 978-0-930466-17-6 – via Internet Archive.
Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0 – via Internet Archive.
McMullin, Thomas A. (1984). Biographical directory of American territorial governors. Meckler. ISBN 978-0-930466-11-4 – via Internet Archive.
Mullaney, Marie Marmo (1994). Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States, 1988–1994. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-28312-5 – via Internet Archive.
Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. I. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466015 – via Internet Archive.
Thorpe, Francis Newton, ed. (1909). The Federal and State Constitutions, Colonial Charters, and Other Organic Laws of the States, Territories, and Colonies Now or Heretofore Forming the United States of America. Vol. 1. United States Government Publishing Office – via Internet Archive.

External links

Office of the Governor of Alabama

[12] Records are scarce as to when Bibb was actually appointed. The territory was formed on March 3, 1817, but he was appointed by President James Monroe, who did not take office until the next day. The earliest known contemporary news report on his nomination was on May 23, and other major sources say he first received his commission on September 25. He was formally nominated on December 12, and confirmed by the Senate on December 15.

[20] The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1868, abolished in 1875, and recreated in 1901.

[21] Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.

[succ1820-30] 1 2 William Wyatt Bibb died on July 10, 1820. Multiple sources state that Thomas Bibb did not succeed him until either July 15 or July 25. It is unknown if this was the formal inauguration, or if a vacancy existed in the office; it is assumed that succession was automatic, as per the constitution, and that Thomas Bibb's term began on July 10.

[limits-1819-37] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Under the 1819 constitution, governors were limited to no more than four years out of every term of six years.

[47] Moore resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.

[succ1837-63] 1 2 3 Sources disagree on the exact date McVay succeeded Clay, with the Alabama Department of Archives and History and National Governors Association mentioning both July 16, 1837, and July 17, though July 17 is used more prominently. However, the earliest contemporary news report of Clay's resignation is August 6. Clay did not take office in the Senate until September 4.

[64] Clay resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.

[83] One contemporary source states Martin withdrew in the final days of the election, but the major sources state he simply did not run.

[85] Sources sometimes label Martin as an "Independent Democrat".

[succ1865-116] 1 2 Modern sources disagree on when Watts was removed and arrested, but contemporary news sources report he was arrested on May 3, 1865.

[117] Watts was arrested by Union forces soon after the American Civil War ended; he was released a few weeks later.

[date1868-132] 1 2 3 Sources, even contemporary reporting, disagree on when Smith succeeded Patton. Modern sources tend to say Patton left office on July 24, 1868, but older sources place it on July 12, July 13, or July 14. The journal of the Alabama Senate placed it on July 14.

[135] The 1865 election was non-partisan; politically, Patton was a Whig.

[137] The date given for Swayne is the date of the first Reconstruction Act, which placed Alabama into the Third Military District; all references only say "March 1867" and when the Reconstruction Acts were passed.

[138] In December 1867, President Andrew Johnson ordered the removal of Major General Swayne. He was replaced on January 11, 1868, by Major General Julius Hayden.

[swayne-139] The United States Congress stripped Patton of most of his authority in March 1867, after which time the state was effectively under the control of Major General Swayne.

[elect-1870-143] 1 2 Lindsay was sworn into office on November 26, 1870, but Smith refused to leave his seat for two weeks, claiming Lindsay was fraudulently elected; he finally left office on December 8, when a court so ordered.

[144] The date of Applegate's inauguration is more ambiguous than Smith's, as the Senate journal doesn't even record when he was sworn in; it is possible he was sworn in on July 13.

[157] Houston was instead elected to the United States Senate.

[170] Seay instead ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate.

[183] Johnston instead ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate.

[samford-191] 1 2 Samford was ill at the start of his term on December 1, and was unable to perform his duties until December 26. President of the Senate Jelks acted as governor until he could take office, with the formal request for him to act as governor made on December 3.

[limits-1901-196] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Under the 1901 constitution, governors were not eligible to succeed themselves.

[200] Jelks was out of state for medical treatment for nearly a year; Lieutenant Governor Cunningham acted as governor in his absence.

[midnight-210] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 The constitutional start date for 1911 was January 16, and that is when Emmet O'Neal was sworn in. However, the Supreme Court of Alabama ruled in the case of Oberhaus v. State ex rel. McNamara that, regardless of when the swearing in took place, B. B. Comer's term did not end until the end of Monday, and O'Neal's term did not begin until the first minute of the next day. This precedent appears to have quietly continued, as coverage of Robert J. Bentley's inauguration in 2011 noted he would not officially take office until midnight. Therefore, governors since 1911 that served to the end of their term are noted as leaving office on Monday, and their successor taking office on Tuesday.

[223] Brandon was out of state for 21 days as a delegate to the 1924 Democratic National Convention; Lieutenant Governor McDowell acted as governor for two days.

[262] Wallace was out of state for 20 days for medical treatment. Lieutenant Governor Brewer became acting governor on July 25, 1967, and Wallace returned to the state later that day.

[limits-1968-269] 1 2 Under a 1968 amendment to the constitution, governors are eligible to succeed themselves once.

[272] Wallace was out of state for 52 days for medical treatment following an assassination attempt while campaigning for President of the United States; Lieutenant Governor Beasley acted as governor for 32 days.

[283] Hunt was convicted of illegally using campaign and inaugural funds to pay personal debts, a felony; as felons cannot serve as governor, he was removed from office, and Folsom became governor. He was later pardoned by the state parole board.

[lt-dem-284] 1 2 3 4 Represented the Democratic Party

[lt-rep-292] Represented the Republican Party

[300] Bentley resigned from office as part of a plea deal involving campaign violations.

[305] Ivey's second full term began on January 16, 2023, and will expire on January 18, 2027; she will be term-limited.

[307] William W. Bibb was the incumbent governor of Alabama Territory at the time of the election.

[startdate-308] 1 2 3 4 No start date was specified in the constitution; the inauguration usually occurred within a week of the election's certification.

[309] Thomas Bibb succeeded William W. Bibb upon his death on July 10, 1820.

[312] Samuel B. Moore succeeded Gabriel Moore upon his resignation on March 3, 1831.

[314] McVay succeeded Clay upon his resignation on July 17, 1837.

[322] Parsons was appointed provisional governor by President Andrew Johnson following the arrest and removal of Watts at the end of the American Civil War.

[335] Jelks succeeded Samford upon his death on June 11, 1901.

[338] Brewer succeeded Wallace upon her death on May 7, 1868.

[344] Folsom succeeded Hunt upon his removal on April 22, 1993.

[349] Ivey succeeded Bentley upon his resignation on April 10, 2017.

[1] "Governor of Alabama". Ballotpedia. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[adah-2] 1 2 3 4 5 "Alabama Governors". Alabama Department of Archives and History. Archived from the original on September 6, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[3] 3 Stat. 371

[FOOTNOTESobel19785-4] 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 5.

[FOOTNOTEMcMullin19841–2-5] 1 2 McMullin 1984, pp. 1–2.

[nga-bibb-william-6] 1 2 "William Wyatt Bibb". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on October 1, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-bibb-william-7] 1 2 Dupre, Daniel S. (September 30, 2014). "William Wyatt Bibb (1819-20)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on October 1, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[8] "none". Raleigh Register and North-Carolina Gazette. May 23, 1817. p. 3. Archived from the original on September 25, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com. The Georgia Journal says that Dr. Bibb has been appointed Governor of the Alabama Territory.

[9] The Territorial Papers of the United States: Volume I: General. United States Government Publishing Office. 1934. p. 4 – via HathiTrust.

[10] United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 15th Cong., 1st sess. p. 96 – via HathiTrust.

[11] United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 15th Cong., 1st sess. p. 98 – via HathiTrust.

[13] 3 Stat. 489, 3 Stat. 608

[14] Mintz, S.; McNeil, S. (2018). "Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States". Digital History. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[15] Matthews, James M., ed. (1864). The Statutes at Large of the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America. Richmond, Virginia: R.M. Smith. p. 1 – via HathiTrust.

[16] Act authorizing readmission on ratification of 14th amendment: 15 Stat. 73. Proclamation of Alabama's ratification: 15 Stat. 704.

[FOOTNOTEKallenbach197728-17] 1 2 3 4 Kallenbach 1977, p. 28.

[oberhaus-18] 1 2 Oberhaus v. State ex rel. McNamara, 55 So. 898 (Ala. May 30, 1911).

[FOOTNOTEKallenbach197729–30-19] 1 2 Kallenbach 1977, pp. 29–30.

[adah-lt-22] 1 2 3 "Alabama Lieutenant Governors". Alabama Department of Archives and History. Archived from the original on September 6, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1819-23] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1819 sess. p. 59 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTEDubin20031-24] 1 2 3 4 5 Dubin 2003, p. 1.

[FOOTNOTESobel19785–6-25] Sobel 1978, pp. 5–6.

[nga-bibb-thomas-26] "Thomas Bibb". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 7, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-bibb-thomas-27] Dupre, Daniel S. (May 27, 2021). "Thomas Bibb (1820-21)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[28] "Died". Hillsborough Recorder. August 16, 1820. p. 3. Archived from the original on July 16, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTEGlashan19792-29] Glashan 1979, p. 2.

[FOOTNOTEKallenbach197730-31] 1 2 Kallenbach 1977, p. 30.

[FOOTNOTESobel19786–7-32] Sobel 1978, pp. 6–7.

[nga-pickens-33] "Israel Pickens". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 15, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-pickens-34] Dupre, Daniel S. (June 9, 2021). "Israel Pickens (1821-25)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1821-35] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1821 sess. p. 29 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTEThorpe19091031819_art._IV,_§_4-36] 1 2 3 Thorpe 1909, p. 103, 1819 art. IV, § 4.

[FOOTNOTESobel19787-38] Sobel 1978, p. 7.

[nga-murphy-39] "John Murphy". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on October 1, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-murphy-40] Bailey, Hugh C. (June 7, 2021). "John Murphy (1825-29)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1825-41] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1825–1826 sess. p. 24 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTEDubin20032-42] 1 2 3 4 5 Dubin 2003, p. 2.

[FOOTNOTESobel19788-43] Sobel 1978, p. 8.

[nga-moore-gabriel-44] 1 2 "Gabriel Moore". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-moore-gabriel-45] Amos Doss, Harriet E. (June 7, 2021). "Gabriel Moore (1829-31)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1829-46] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1829–1830 sess. p. 33 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTESobel19788–9-48] Sobel 1978, pp. 8–9.

[nga-moore-samuel-49] "Samuel B. Moore". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 12, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-moore-samuel-50] McDaniel, Mary Jane (June 7, 2021). "Samuel B. Moore (1831)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[succ1831-51] 1 2 "none". Star and North Carolina State Gazette. March 31, 1831. p. 3. Archived from the original on July 27, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com. On the 3d instant, Gabriel Moore, Governor of the State of Alabama and United States' Senator elect, resigned his office as Governor into the hands of Samuel B. Moore, of Jackson County, President of the Senate...

[FOOTNOTESobel19789–10-52] Sobel 1978, pp. 9–10.

[nga-gayle-53] "John Gayle". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-gayle-54] Wiggins, Sarah Woolfoolk (June 1, 2021). "John Gayle (1831-35)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 6, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1831-55] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1831–1832 sess. p. 38 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTEDubin20033-56] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dubin 2003, p. 3.

[FOOTNOTESobel197810-57] Sobel 1978, p. 10.

[nga-clay-58] 1 2 "Clement Comer Clay". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 13, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-clay-59] Thornton, J. Mills (May 28, 2021). "Clement Comer Clay (1835-37)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1835-60] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1835–1836 sess. p. 30 – via Internet Archive.

[61] "By the Southern Express". The New York Herald. August 15, 1837. p. 2. Archived from the original on September 25, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[62] United States Senate. Journal of the Senate, 25th Cong., 1st sess. p. 5.

[FOOTNOTESobel197810–11-65] Sobel 1978, pp. 10–11.

[nga-mcvay-66] "Hugh McVay". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 15, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-mcvay-67] McDaniel, Mary Jane (June 4, 2021). "Hugh McVay (1837)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[FOOTNOTEKallenbach197731-68] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Kallenbach 1977, p. 31.

[FOOTNOTESobel197811-69] Sobel 1978, p. 11.

[nga-bagby-70] "Athur Pendleton Bagby". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-bagby-71] McDaniel, Mary Jane (August 20, 2018). "Arthur P. Bagby (1837-41)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1837-72] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama Senate, 1837 sess. p. 36 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTEDubin20034-73] 1 2 3 4 5 Dubin 2003, p. 4.

[FOOTNOTESobel197812-74] Sobel 1978, p. 12.

[nga-fitzpatrick-75] "Benjamin Fitzpatrick". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on July 10, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-fitzpatrick-76] Thornton, J. Mills (June 1, 2021). "Benjamin Fitzpatrick (1841-45)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1841-77] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1841 sess. p. 101 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTESobel197812–13-78] Sobel 1978, pp. 12–13.

[nga-martin-79] "Joshua Lanier Martin". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 13, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-martin-80] Bailey, Hugh C. (June 4, 2021). "Joshua L. Martin (1845-47)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1845-81] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1845–1846 sess. p. 57 – via Internet Archive.

[82] "none". Washington Telegraph. Washington, Arkansas. August 4, 1847. Archived from the original on July 16, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com. Gov. Martin, the Independent Democratic candidate for Governor of Alabama, has retired from the contest...

[FOOTNOTEDubin20035-84] 1 2 3 4 5 Dubin 2003, p. 5.

[FOOTNOTESobel197813–14-86] Sobel 1978, pp. 13–14.

[nga-chapman-87] "Reuben Chapman". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 6, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-chapman-88] Mayfield, John (May 27, 2021). "Reuben Chapman (1847-49)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1847-89] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1847–1848 sess. p. 69 – via Internet Archive.

[90] "Nomination for Governor". Daily State Guard. Wetumpka, Alabama. June 22, 1849. p. 2. Archived from the original on December 14, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTESobel197814-91] Sobel 1978, p. 14.

[nga-collier-92] "Henry Watkins Collier". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 18, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-collier-93] Atkins, Leah Rawls (December 13, 2017). "Henry W. Collier (1849-53)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1849-94] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1849–1850 sess. p. 196 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTEDubin20036-95] 1 2 3 Dubin 2003, p. 6.

[FOOTNOTESobel197814–15-96] Sobel 1978, pp. 14–15.

[nga-winston-97] "John Anthony Winston". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 6, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-winston-98] Barney, William L. (June 10, 2021). "John A. Winston (1853-57)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1853-99] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1853–1854 sess. p. 220 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTEDubin20037-100] 1 2 Dubin 2003, p. 7.

[FOOTNOTESobel197815–16-101] Sobel 1978, pp. 15–16.

[nga-moore-andrew-102] "Andrew Barry Moore". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 13, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-moore-andrew-103] Atkins, Leah Rawls (September 30, 2014). "Andrew B. Moore (1857-61)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1857-104] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1857–1858 sess. p. 153 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTEDubin20038-105] 1 2 3 4 Dubin 2003, p. 8.

[FOOTNOTESobel197816-106] Sobel 1978, p. 16.

[nga-shorter-107] "John Gill Shorter". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 25, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-shorter-108] 1 2 McKiven, Henry M. Jr. (May 14, 2021). "John Gill Shorter (1861-63)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1861-109] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1861 sess. p. 207 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTESobel197817-110] Sobel 1978, p. 17.

[nga-watts-111] 1 2 "Thomas Hill Watts". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 5, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-watts-112] 1 2 McKiven, Henry M. Jr. (June 10, 2021). "Thomas Hill Watts (1863-65)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1863-113] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1863 sess. p. 199 – via Internet Archive.

[114] "The Latest by Telegraph". Leavenworth Daily Conservative. May 25, 1865. p. 2. Archived from the original on July 16, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[115] "Gov. Watts Arrested". Daily Progress. Raleigh, North Carolina. May 30, 1865. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 16, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTESobel197817–18-118] Sobel 1978, pp. 17–18.

[nga-parsons-119] "Lewis Eliphalet Parsons". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 13, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-parsons-120] Wiggins, Sarah Woolfolk (June 8, 2021). "Lewis Eliphalet Parsons (1865)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[121] Chronicles of the Great Rebellion Against the United States of America. 1867. p. 108 – via HathiTrust.

[FOOTNOTESobel197818–19-122] Sobel 1978, pp. 18–19.

[nga-patton-123] 1 2 3 4 "Robert Miller Patton". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on September 22, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-patton-124] 1 2 3 Rogers, William Warren (June 8, 2021). "Robert M. Patton (1865-67)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 22, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1865-125] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1865–1866 sess. p. 151 – via Internet Archive.

[126] "General News". National Democrat. Mineral Point, Wisconsin. July 15, 1868. p. 3. Archived from the original on September 25, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com. Gen. Meade has issued orders appointing ... Wm. H. Smith to be Governor of Alabama, vice Patton removed, and A.J. Poplegate[sic] Lieutenant Governor, to take effect July 12th.

[applegate-inaugurated-127] 1 2 "Governor of Alabama Inaugurated". Daily North-Carolina Standard (published July 14, 1868). July 13, 1868. p. 3. Archived from the original on February 27, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com. July 13 — Gov. Smith and Lieut. Gov. Applegate were sworn in to-day.

[128] "Alabama". The New York Herald (published July 14, 1868). July 13, 1868. p. 5. Archived from the original on September 25, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com. Governor Smith and Lieutenant Governor Applegate were sworn in to-day as provisional officers.

[FOOTNOTESobel197819-129] 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 19.

[130] "Alabama". The New York Times. July 22, 1868. p. 2. Archived from the original on September 25, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your order of 14th inst., removing me from the office of Secretary of State...

[131] Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama Senate, 1868 sess. p. 12 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTESobel197818-133] Sobel 1978, p. 18.

[FOOTNOTEGlashan19796-134] Glashan 1979, p. 6.

[al-swayne-136] 1 2 Fitzgerald, Michael W. (June 28, 2013). "Wager T. Swayne". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[nga-smith-140] "William Hugh Smith". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 9, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-smith-141] Fitzgerald, Michael W. (June 10, 2021). "William Hugh Smith (1868-1870)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[142] White, James Terry (1900). The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. James T. White & Company. p. 435 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTESobel197819–20-145] Sobel 1978, pp. 19–20.

[nga-lindsay-146] "Robert Burns Lindsay". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 10, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-lindsay-147] Fitzgerald, Michael W. (June 3, 2021). "Robert Burns Lindsay (1870-72)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1870-148] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1870–1871 sess. p. 31 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTESobel197820–21-149] Sobel 1978, pp. 20–21.

[nga-lewis-150] "David Peter Lewis". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 21, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-lewis-151] Wiggins, Sarah Woolfolk (June 3, 2021). "David P. Lewis (1872-74)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1872-152] 1 2
"Politics in Alabama". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore (published November 26, 1872). November 25, 1872. p. 4. Archived from the original on July 16, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
"none". Tuskaloosa Blade. November 28, 1872. p. 2. Archived from the original on December 13, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com. D. P. Lewis qualified for Governor of Alabama on the 25th inst., by taking the oath of office in the Executive Chamber

[mwH7w] "Politics in Alabama". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore (published November 26, 1872). November 25, 1872. p. 4. Archived from the original on July 16, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[mwH8g] "none". Tuskaloosa Blade. November 28, 1872. p. 2. Archived from the original on December 13, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com. D. P. Lewis qualified for Governor of Alabama on the 25th inst., by taking the oath of office in the Executive Chamber

[FOOTNOTESobel197821-153] Sobel 1978, p. 21.

[nga-houston-154] "George Smith Houston". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 7, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-houston-155] 1 2 Rogers, William Warren (June 2, 2021). "George S. Houston (1874-78)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 6, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1874-156] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1874–1875 sess. p. 56 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTESobel197821–22-158] Sobel 1978, pp. 21–22.

[nga-cobb-159] "Rufus Willis Cobb". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 14, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-cobb-160] Ward, Robert David (November 13, 2016). "Rufus W. Cobb (1878-82)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1878-161] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1878–1879 sess. p. 151 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTESobel197822–23-162] Sobel 1978, pp. 22–23.

[nga-oneal-edward-163] "Edward Asbury O'Neal". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-oneal-edward-164] McDaniel, Mary Jane (June 7, 2021). "Edward A. O'Neal (1882-86)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1882-165] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama Senate, 1882–1883 sess. p. 155 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTESobel197823-166] Sobel 1978, p. 23.

[nga-seay-167] "Thomas Seay". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 7, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-seay-168] 1 2 Ward, Robert David (March 4, 2020). "Thomas Seay (1886-90)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1886-169] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama Senate, 1886–1887 sess. p. 194 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTESobel197824-171] Sobel 1978, p. 24.

[nga-jones-172] "Thomas Goode Jones". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-jones-173] Pruitt, Paul McWhorter Jr. (June 3, 2021). "Thomas Goode Jones (1890-94)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 27, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1890-174] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama Senate, 1890–1891 sess. p. 186 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTESobel197824–25-175] Sobel 1978, pp. 24–25.

[nga-oates-176] "William Calvin Oates". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 21, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-oates-177] Pruitt Jr., Paul McWhorter (June 8, 2021). "William Calvin Oates (1894-96)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1894-178] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1894–1895 sess. p. 254 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTESobel197825–26-179] Sobel 1978, pp. 25–26.

[nga-johnston-180] "Joseph Forney Johnston". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-johnston-181] 1 2 Perman, Michael (June 2, 2021). "Joseph F. Johnston (1896-1900)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1896-182] 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1896–1897 sess. p. 368 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTESobel197826–27-184] 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 26–27.

[nga-jelks-185] 1 2 "William Dorsey Jelks". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on September 16, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-jelks-186] 1 2 Alsobrook, David E. (June 2, 2021). "William D. Jelks (1901-07)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[187] "Samford Is Now Governor". Morning Times. Selma, Alabama (published December 2, 1900). December 1, 1900. p. 1. Archived from the original on October 12, 2025. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTESobel197827-188] 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 27.

[FOOTNOTESobel197826-189] Sobel 1978, p. 26.

[190] "Jelks In Charge". The Birmingham News. December 3, 1900. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[nga-samford-192] "William James Samford". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 14, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-samford-193] Rickard, Marlene Hunt (June 9, 2021). "William J. Samford (1900-01)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[succ1901-194] 1 2 "Jelks Hurrying Back to Alabama". The Birmingham News. June 12, 1901. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTEThorpe19091971901_art._V,_§_116-195] 1 2 3 Thorpe 1909, p. 197, 1901 art. V, § 116.

[FOOTNOTESobel197828-197] Sobel 1978, p. 28.

[al-cunningham-198] Rikard, Marlene Hunt (June 1, 2021). "Russell M. Cunningham (1904-05)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[nga-cunningham-199] "Russell McWorther Cunningham". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 17, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[FOOTNOTESobel197828–29-201] Sobel 1978, pp. 28–29.

[nga-comer-202] "Braxton Bragg Comer". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 3, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-comer-203] Harris, David Alan (October 12, 2022). "Braxton Bragg Comer (1907-11)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[date1906-204] 1 2 "Comer Takes Oath of Office As Governor of Alabama". The Birmingham News. January 14, 1907. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTESobel197829–30-205] Sobel 1978, pp. 29–30.

[nga-oneal-emmet-206] "Emmet O'Neal". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-oneal-emmet-207] Rosenburg, R. B. (June 7, 2021). "Emmet O'Neal (1911-15)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[208] Betty, Berryman G. (January 16, 1911). "Notable Speeches As New Governor Takes Oath at Montgomery". Birmingham Age-Herald (published January 17, 1911). p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[209] White, David (January 17, 2011). "Robert Bentley Ready To Take Office As Next Alabama Governor". The Birmingham News. Archived from the original on July 20, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2026. Bentley under state law won't officially be governor until just after the stroke of midnight Tuesday morning.

[FOOTNOTESobel197830-211] Sobel 1978, p. 30.

[nga-henderson-212] "Charles Henderson". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.

[al-henderson-213] Allen, Lee N. (June 1, 2021). "Charles Henderson (1915-19)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1914-214] 1 2 "Henderson Takes Oath of Office As Next Governor". Montgomery Advertiser. January 19, 1915. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTESobel197830–31-215] Sobel 1978, pp. 30–31.

[nga-kilby-216] "Thomas Erby Kilby". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 10, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-kilby-217] Breedlove, Michael A. (June 3, 2021). "Thomas E. Kilby (1919-23)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1918-218] 1 2 "New Chief Executive Takes Oath". Montgomery Advertiser. January 21, 1919. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTESobel197831–32-219] Sobel 1978, pp. 31–32.

[nga-brandon-220] "William Woodward Brandon". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 13, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-brandon-221] Allen, Lee N. (December 5, 2017). "William W. Brandon (1923-27)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1922-222] 1 2 "Immense Crowd Cheers As William W. Brandon Takes Oath As State's Governor". Montgomery Advertiser. January 16, 1923. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTESobel197832–33-224] 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 32–33.

[nga-graves-225] 1 2 "David Bibb Graves". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on August 13, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-graves-226] 1 2 Flynt, J. Wayne (June 1, 2021). "David Bibb Graves (1927-31, 1935-39)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1926-227] 1 2 "Thousands Hear New Governor Declare for Law Enforcement After Oath Is Administered". Montgomery Advertiser. January 18, 1927. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTESobel197833-228] Sobel 1978, p. 33.

[nga-miller-229] "Benjamin Meek Miller". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 13, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-miller-230] Feldman, Glenn (June 4, 2021). "Benjamin Meek Miller (1931-35)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1930-231] 1 2 McCoy, Joseph R. (January 20, 1931). "10,000 Watch Inauguration of 39th Governor". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[date1934-232] 1 2 Davis, George L. (January 15, 1935). "Col. Bibb Graves Again Assumes Alabama's Helm". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTESobel197833–34-233] Sobel 1978, pp. 33–34.

[nga-dixon-234] "Frank Murray Dixon". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 10, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-dixon-235] Feldman, Glenn (June 1, 2021). "Frank M. Dixon (1939-43)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 6, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1938-236] 1 2 Hugger, Robert (January 17, 1939). "Spectacular Parade, Throng Feature Dixon Administration". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTESobel197834–35-237] Sobel 1978, pp. 34–35.

[nga-sparks-238] "Chauncey Sparks". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 17, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-sparks-239] Jackson, Harvey H. (June 10, 2021). "Chauncey Sparks (1943-47)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1942-240] 1 2 "Governor's Post Passes to Sparks". Montgomery Advertiser. January 19, 1943. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTESobel197835-241] 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 35.

[nga-folsom-jim1-242] 1 2 "James Elisha Folsom, Sr". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 17, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-folsom-jim1-243] 1 2 Grafton, Carl; Permaloff, Anne (April 1, 2019). "James E. "Big Jim" Folsom Sr. (1947-51, 1955-59)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1946-244] 1 2 "Folsom Takes Oath As Governor". Selma Times-Journal. Associated Press. January 20, 1947. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTESobel197836-245] Sobel 1978, p. 36.

[nga-persons-246] "Seth Gordon Persons". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 10, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-persons-247] Bass, S. Jonathan (June 9, 2021). "Seth Gordon Persons (1951-55)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1950-248] 1 2 Wortsman, Gene (January 15, 1951). "Gov. Persons Enjoys His Biggest Moment Amidst Gay and Festive Capital City". Birmingham Post-Herald (published January 16, 1951). p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[date1954-249] 1 2 Wortsman, Gene (January 17, 1955). "Hits at Snoopers and Informers". Birmingham Post-Herald (published January 18, 1955). p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTESobel197836–37-250] Sobel 1978, pp. 36–37.

[nga-patterson-251] "John Malcolm Patterson". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on September 28, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-patterson-252] Grafton, Carl; Permaloff, Anne (June 7, 2021). "John M. Patterson (1959-63)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1958-253] 1 2 "Patterson Takes State's Highest Office". Montgomery Advertiser. January 20, 1959. p. 1A. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTESobel197837–38-254] 1 2 3 4 Sobel 1978, pp. 37–38.

[nga-wallace-george-255] 1 2 3 "George Corley Wallace". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 14, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-wallace-george-256] 1 2 3 4 Eskew, Glenn T. (June 10, 2021). "George C. Wallace (1963-67, 1971-79, 1983-87)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1962-257] 1 2 Ingram, Bob (January 15, 1963). "Wallace Defies Federal Encroachment; 'Will Submit No More to Tyranny'". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1A. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[nga-wallace-lurleen-258] "Lurleen Burns Wallace". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 18, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-wallace-lurleen-259] Eskew, Glenn T. (June 30, 2017). "Lurleen B. Wallace (1967-68)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1966-260] 1 2 Wasson, Don F. (January 17, 1967). "Lurleen Becomes Governor". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[261] Alabama Official and Statistical Register. Alabama Department of Archives and History. 1975. p. 23. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via HathiTrust.

[FOOTNOTESobel197839-263] 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 39.

[nga-brewer-264] "Albert Preston Brewer". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 18, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-brewer-265] Harvey, Gordon (November 13, 2020). "Albert P. Brewer (1968-71)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[succ1968-266] 1 2 Bryant, William O. (May 7, 1968). "Brewer Sworn In As New Governor". Alabama Journal. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[date1970-267] 1 2 Wasson, Don F. (January 19, 1971). "Wallace Hints President Bid". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[268] "Amendment Is Carried". Selma Times-Journal. Associated Press. November 6, 1968. p. 1. Archived from the original on October 16, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTESobel197840-270] Sobel 1978, p. 40.

[al-beasley-271] Armbrester, Margaret E. (December 19, 2017). "Jere Beasley Sr. (1972)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[nga-james-273] 1 2 "Forrest Hood James". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 18, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-james-274] 1 2 3 4 Stewart, William H. (June 2, 2021). "Forrest "Fob" James Jr. (1979-83, 1995-99)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1978-275] 1 2 Bryant, Ted (January 16, 1979). "'Bury Negative Prejudices of Past,' Gov. James Urges". Birmingham Post-Herald. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[date1982-276] 1 2 Bryant, Ted (January 18, 1983). "A 'New' Wallace Sworn for Fourth Term". Birmingham Post-Herald. p. A1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTEMullaney19943–9-277] Mullaney 1994, pp. 3–9.

[nga-hunt-278] "Harold Guy Hunt". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 11, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-hunt-279] 1 2 Stewart, William H. (June 6, 2021). "Guy Hunt (1987-93)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1986-280] 1 2 Ritchie, Bruce (January 20, 1987). "Hunt Proclaims New Day for State". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1A. Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[succ1993-281] 1 2 3 Burger, Frederick (April 22, 1993). "Hunt Guilty: What's Next". The Anniston Star. p. 1A. Archived from the original on July 30, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[282] Nossiter, Adam (June 11, 1997). "Ex-Gov. Hunt of Alabama Cleared by Pardon Board". The New York Times (published June 12, 1997). p. 18. Archived from the original on November 10, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[FOOTNOTEMullaney199411–12-285] Mullaney 1994, pp. 11–12.

[nga-folsom-jim2-286] "James Elisha Folsom, Jr". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 14, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-folsom-jim2-287] 1 2 Stewart, William H. (June 1, 2021). "James E. Folsom Jr. (1993-95)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 23, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1994-288] 1 2 "Officials Look To Eliminate Power Delay". Selma Times-Journal. Associated Press. January 18, 1995. p. A5. Archived from the original on July 30, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[nga-siegelman-289] "Donald Eugene Siegelman". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 17, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-siegelman-290] 1 2 Webb, Samuel L.; Armbrester, Margaret E. (June 9, 2021). "Don Siegelman (1999-2003)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1998-291] 1 2 Bryant, Ted (January 19, 1999). "Putting Children First". Birmingham Post-Herald. p. A1. Archived from the original on July 30, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[nga-riley-293] "Bob Riley". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 14, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-riley-294] 1 2 Armbrester, Margaret E. (June 9, 2021). "Robert "Bob" Riley (2003-11)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date2002-295] 1 2 Clanton, Brett (January 21, 2003). "Good Morning, Gov. Riley". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 30, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[nga-bentley-296] "Robert Bentley". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-bentley-297] 1 2 "Robert Bentley (2011-17)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date2010-298] 1 2 Kitchen, Sebastian (January 18, 2011). "Governor Says State's 'Best Days Are Ahead'". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1A. Archived from the original on July 30, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[299] Blinder, Alan (April 10, 2017). "Robert Bentley, Alabama Governor, Resigns Amid Scandal". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 17, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[nga-ivey-301] "Kay Ivey". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on August 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[al-ivey-302] 1 2 Wilson, Claire (May 1, 2020). "Kay Ivey (2017- )". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[succ2017-303] 1 2 Tyler, Zach (April 11, 2017). "Governor Ivey: 'More Than Capable'". The Anniston Star. p. 1A. Archived from the original on July 30, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[304] Chandler, Kim (January 16, 2023). "Alabama Gov. Kay Ivey sworn in for her 2nd full term". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on January 16, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[FOOTNOTEKallenbach197733-306] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Kallenbach 1977, p. 33.

[date1823-310] Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1823 sess. p. 28 – via Internet Archive.

[date1827-311] Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1827–1828 sess. p. 30 – via Internet Archive.

[date1833-313] Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1833–1834 sess. p. 46 – via Internet Archive.

[date1839-315] Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1839–1840 sess. p. 80 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTEKallenbach197734-316] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kallenbach 1977, p. 34.

[date1843-317] Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1843–1844 sess. p. 37 – via Internet Archive.

[date1851-318] Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1851–1852 sess. p. 248 – via Internet Archive.

[date1855-319] Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1855–1856 sess. p. 230 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTEKallenbach197735-320] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Kallenbach 1977, p. 35.

[date1859-321] Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1859–1860 sess. p. 107 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTEThorpe19091261865_art._V,_§_4-323] 1 2 Thorpe 1909, p. 126, 1865 art. V, § 4.

[FOOTNOTEThorpe19091401868_art._V,_§_2-324] Thorpe 1909, p. 140, 1868 art. V, § 2.

[date1876-325] "none". Clarke County Democrat. December 7, 1876. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTEThorpe19091641875_art._V,_§_5-326] Thorpe 1909, p. 164, 1875 art. V, § 5.

[date1880-327] "none". Montgomery Advertiser. December 1, 1880. p. 3. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTEKallenbach197736-328] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kallenbach 1977, p. 36.

[date1884-329] Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1884–1885 sess. p. 183 – via Internet Archive.

[date1888-330] Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1888–1889 sess. p. 199 – via Internet Archive.

[date1892-331] Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1892–1893 sess. p. 224 – via Internet Archive.

[date1898-332] Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1898–1899 sess. p. 242 – via Internet Archive.

[date1900-333] "Samford Is Now Governor". Morning Times. Selma, Alabama (published December 2, 1900). December 1, 1900. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTEKallenbach197737-334] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kallenbach 1977, p. 37.

[date1902-336] "Governor Took Oath of Office at Noon Today". The Birmingham News. January 19, 1903. p. 1. Archived from the original on December 4, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTEKallenbach197738-337] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kallenbach 1977, p. 38.

[FOOTNOTEKallenbach197739-339] Kallenbach 1977, p. 39.

[date1974-340] "GCW Begins Ninth Year As Governor". Dothan Eagle. Associated Press. January 21, 1975. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[stats1978-341] Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1979. Alabama Department of Archives and History. 1979. pp. 294–296. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Internet Archive.

[state-342] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Election Results Archive - Governor" (XLS). Secretary of State of Alabama. Archived (XLS) from the original on March 22, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date1990-343] Roberts, Peggy (January 15, 1991). "Sworn in: Hunt Begins Second Term". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[date2006-345] Chandler, Kim (January 16, 2007). "These Are Remarkable Days". The Birmingham News. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[stats2014-346] "Canvass of Results, General Election, November 4, 2014" (PDF). Secretary of State of Alabama. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date2014-347] Lyman, Brian (January 20, 2015). "Bentley Starts 2nd Term". Montgomery Advertiser. p. A3. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

[stats2018-348] "Certified General Election Results" (PDF). Secretary of State of Alabama. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 23, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date2018-350] Chandler, Kim (January 14, 2019). "Alabama Gov. Kay Ivey sworn in for first full term". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on May 27, 2025. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[stats2022-351] "Final Canvass of Results" (PDF). Secretary of State of Alabama. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 18, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[date2022-352] Chandler, Kim (January 16, 2023). "Alabama Gov. Kay Ivey sworn in for her 2nd full term". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved October 2, 2026.

[FOOTNOTEAla._Const.[https50constitutionsorgalconstitutionsection-id-58429_art._V,_§_116]-353] 1 2 3 Ala. Const., art. V, § 116.

v t e Governors and lieutenant governors of Alabama
Governors	W. Bibb T. Bibb Pickens Murphy G. Moore S. Moore Gayle Clay McVay Bagby Fitzpatrick Martin Chapman Collier Winston A. Moore Shorter Watts Parsons Patton Swayne Smith Lindsay Lewis Houston Cobb E. A. O'Neal Seay T. Jones Oates Johnston Samford Jelks Comer E. O'Neal Henderson Kilby Brandon Graves Miller Graves Dixon Sparks Folsom Sr. Persons Folsom Sr. Patterson G. Wallace L. Wallace Brewer G. Wallace James G. Wallace Hunt Folsom Jr. James Siegelman Riley Bentley Ivey
Lieutenant governors	Applegate Moren McKinstry Ligon Cunningham Gray Seed Kilby Miller McDowell Davis Merrill Knight Carmichael Ellis Inzer Allen Hardwick Boutwell Allen Brewer Beasley McMillan B. Baxley Folsom Jr. Siegelman Windom L. Baxley Folsom Jr. Ivey Ainsworth

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v t e State of Alabama
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Alabama portal

Governor of Alabama
Seal of the governor
Standard of the governor
Incumbent Kay Ivey since April 10, 2017
Government of Alabama
Style	Governor (informal) The Honorable (formal)
Status	Head of state Head of government
Residence	Alabama Governor's Mansion
Term length	Four years, renewable once consecutively
Precursor	Governor of Alabama Territory
Inaugural holder	William W. Bibb
Formation	December 14, 1819 (206 years ago) (1819-12-14)
Succession	Line of succession
Deputy	Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
Salary	$134,780 (2026)
Website	governor.alabama.gov