When Aczel was 21, he studied at the University of California, Berkeley. He graduated with a BA in mathematics in 1975 and received a Master of Science in 1976. Several years later, Aczel earned a PhD in statistics from the University of Oregon. He married his wife Debra in 1984, and had one daughter and one stepdaughter.
While teaching at Bentley, Aczel wrote several non-technical books on mathematics and science, as well as two textbooks. His book Fermat's Last Theorem was a United States bestseller and was nominated for a Los Angeles Times Book Prize.
Pendulum: Léon Foucault and the Triumph of Science, 2003. ISBN0-7434-6478-8
Chance: A Guide to Gambling, Love, and the Stock Market, 2004. ISBN1-56858-316-8
Descartes' Secret Notebook: A True Tale of Mathematics, Mysticism, and the Quest to Understand the Universe, 2005. ISBN0-7679-2033-3
The Artist and the Mathematician: The Story of Nicolas Bourbaki, the Genius Mathematician Who Never Existed, 2007. High Stakes Publishing, London. ISBN1-84344-034-2.
The Jesuit and the Skull: Teilhard de Chardin, Evolution, and the Search for Peking Man, 2007. ISBN978-1-594-48956-3
Uranium Wars: The Scientific Rivalry that Created the Nuclear Age, 2009. ISBN978-0-230-61374-4
The Cave and the Cathedral: How a Real-Life Indiana Jones and a Renegade Scholar Decoded the Ancient Art of Man, 2009. ISBN978-0-470-37353-8