Bittium

Bittium
Drawing from Hartling 1886, two views of a shell of Bittium reticulatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	incertae sedis
Superfamily:	Cerithioidea
Family:	Cerithiidae
Genus:	Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847
Type species
Strombiformis reticulatus da Costa, 1778
Synonyms
Bittium (Bittium) Gray, 1847· accepted, alternate representation Bittium (Brachybittium) Weisbord, 1962· accepted, alternate representation Bittium (Rasbittium) Gründel, 1976 (junior objective synonym of Manobittium) Cerithiolum Tiberi, 1869 (junior objective synonym of Bittium) Cerithium (Bittium) Gray, 1847 Dahlakia Biggs, 1971 Inobittium Monterosato, 1917 Manobittium Monterosato, 1917

Bittium is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.

Distribution

This genus is found worldwide.

Species

Species in the genus Bittium include:

Species brought into synonymy

• Bittium adamsi Dall, 1889: synonym of Finella adamsi (Dall, 1889)
• Bittium alternatum (Say, 1822) and Bittium nigrum (Totten, 1834) are synonyms of Bittiolum alternatum (Say, 1822)
• Bittium asperum Gabb, 1861: synonym of Lirobittium asperum (Gabb, 1861)
• Bittium attenuatum Carpenter, 1864 – slender cerith: synonym of Lirobittium attenuatum (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium boeticum (Pease, 1860) and Bittium pusillum (Gould, 1851) are synonyms of Cerithium boeticum Pease, 1860
• Bittium catalinense Bartsch, 1907: synonym of Lirobittium purpureum (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium cinctum Hutton, 1885: synonym of Seila cincta (Hutton, 1886)
• † Bittium cossmanni: synonym of † Hemicerithium cossmanni (Dall, 1892)
• Bittium diplax Watson, 1886 is a synonym of Cerithidium diplax (Watson, 1886)
• Bittium eschrichti (Middendorff, 1849): synonym of Neostylidium eschrichtii (Middendorff, 1849)
• Bittium estuarinumTate, 1893: synonym of Zeacumantus plumbeus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
• Bittium exile (Hutton, 1873): synonym of Zebittium exile (Hutton, 1873)
• Bittium fetellum Bartsch, 1911: synonym of Lirobittium fetellum (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
• Bittium furvum Watson, 1886 : synonym of Cacozeliana furva (Watson, 1886)
• Bittium fuscocapitulum Hedley & Petterd, 1906 : synonym of Cacozeliana fuscocapitulum (Hedley & Petterd, 1906)
• Bittium granarium (Kiener, 1842) is a synonym of Cacozeliana granarium (Kiener, 1842)
• Bittium hiloense: synonym of Bittinella hiloensis (Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1908)
• Bittium houbricki Ponder, 1993 : synonym of Ittibittium houbricki (Ponder, 1993)
• Bittium icarus (Bayle, 1880) : synonym of Cacozeliana icarus (Bayle, 1880)
• Bittium interfossa (Carpenter, 1864): synonym of Lirobittium interfossa (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium jadertinum Brusina, 1865: synonym of Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)
• Bittium johnstonae Bartsch, 1911: synonym of Lirobittium johnstonae (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
• Bittium larum Bartsch, 1911: synonym of Lirobittium larum (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
• Bittium lawleyanum Crosse, 1863: synonym of Zeacumantus plumbeus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
• Bittium leucocephalum Watson, 1886 : synonym of Argyropeza leucocephala (Watson, 1886)
• Bittium minutulum: synonym of Batillariella minutula (Thiele, 1930) (original combination)
• Bittium munitum (Carpenter, 1864): synonym of Lirobittium munitum (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium oldroydae Bartsch, 1911: synonym of Lirobittium oldroydae (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
• Bittium oryza (Mörch, 1876) : synonym of Ittibittium oryza (Mörch, 1876)
• Bittium paganicum (Dall, 1919): synonym of Lirobittium paganicum (Dall, 1919)
• Bittium parcum Gould, 1861 is a synonym of Ittibittium parcum (Gould, 1861)
• Bittium perparvulum Watson, 1886 is a synonym of Cerithidium perparvulum (Watson, 1886)
• Bittium perpusillum Tryon, 1887 : synonym of Cerithium alutaceum (Gould, 1861)
• Bittium plumbeum: synonym of Zeacumantus plumbeus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
• Bittium quadrifilatum Carpenter, 1864 – four-thread cerith: synonym of Lirobittium quadrifilatum (Carpenter, 1864) (original combination)
• Bittium scabrum (Olivi, 1792) : synonym of Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)
• Bittium seymourianum Strebel, 1908: synonym of Cerithiella seymouriana (Strebel, 1908) (original combination)
• Bittium subplanatum Bartsch, 1911: synonym of Lirobittium rugatum (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium torresiense Melvill & Standen, 1899 : synonym of Bittium elegantissimum (Hedley, 1899)
• Bittium variegatum Henn & Brazier, 1894 : synonym of Cacozeliana variegatum (Henn & Brazier, 1894)
• Bittium varium (Pfeiffer, 1840) – grass cerith is a synonym of Bittiolum varium (Pfeiffer, 1840)
• Bittium zebrum (Kiener, 1841) is a synonym of Cerithium zebrum Kiener, 1841

Nomen dubium

• Bittium alabastrulum (Mörch, 1876)
• Bittium caraboboense (Weisbord, 1962)
• Bittium galactis Mörch, 1876
• Bittium lima (Bruguière, 1792)

See also

• Cerithium
• Ittibittium

References

• Biggs H.E. (1971). On a proposed new genus of cerithid mollusca from the Dahlak islands, Red Sea. Journal of Conchology 27: 221–223, pl. 7
• Gründel J. (1976). Zur Taxonomie und Phylogenie der Bittium-Gruppe. Malakologische Abhandlungen 5(3): 33–59
• Houbrick R. (1978). Redescription of Bittium proteum (Jousseaume, 1930) with comments on its generic placements. The Nautilus 92 (1): 9–11
• Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bittium.

• Gray, J. E. (1847). A list of the genera of recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 15: 129-219
• Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
• Gray, J.E. (1847). On the classification of the British Mollusca by W E Leach. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. ser. 1, 20: 267-273
• Verduin A. (1982). On the taxonomy and variability of recent european species of the genus Bittium Leach (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Basteria 46: 93-120
• Houbrick R. (1977). Reevaluation and new description of the genus Bittium (Cerithiidae). The Veliger 20 (2): 101-106