COX5A

COX5A
Identifiers
Aliases	COX5A, COX, COX-VA, VA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, MC4DN20
External IDs	OMIM: 603773; MGI: 88474; GeneCards: COX5A
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 15 (human)
End	74,938,083 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (mouse)
End	57,439,709 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right ventricle; ; left ventricle; ; biceps brachii; ; mucosa of sigmoid colon; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; right auricle of heart; ; apex of heart; ; thoracic diaphragm; ; Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii; ; jejunal mucosa;
	Top expressed in
	atrioventricular valve; ; endocardial cushion; ; medial vestibular nucleus; ; deep cerebellar nuclei; ; tunica adventitia of aorta; ; lateral geniculate nucleus; ; intercostal muscle; ; myocardium of ventricle; ; pontine nuclei; ; lateral hypothalamus;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	electron transfer activity; protein binding; metal ion binding; cytochrome-c oxidase activity;
Cellular component	myelin sheath; mitochondrion; membrane; mitochondrial inner membrane; mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV;
Biological process	proton transmembrane transport; mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Databases	NCBI: entry; OMA: entry
	9377
	12858
	ENSG00000178741
	ENSMUSG00000000088
	P20674
	P12787
	NM_004255
	NM_007747
	NP_004246
	NP_031773
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COX5A gene. Cytochrome c oxidase 5A is a subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase complex, also known as Complex IV, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain.

Structure

The COX5A gene, located on the q arm of chromosome 15 in position 24.1, is made up of 5 exons and is 17,880 base pairs in length. The COX5A protein weighs 17 kDa and is composed of 150 amino acids. The protein is a subunit of Complex IV, which consists of 13 mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded subunits.

Function

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a multi-subunit enzyme complex that couples the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and contributes to a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to drive ATP synthesis via protonmotive force. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits perform the electron transfer of proton pumping activities. The functions of the nuclear-encoded subunits are unknown but they may play a role in the regulation and assembly of the complex.

Summary reaction:

4 Fe²⁺-cytochrome c + 8 H⁺_in + O₂ → 4 Fe³⁺-cytochrome c + 2 H₂O + 4 H⁺_out

Clinical significance

COX5A (this gene) and COX5B are involved in the regulation of cancer cell metabolism by Bcl-2. COX5A interacts specifically with Bcl-2, but not with other members of the Bcl-2 family, such as Bcl-xL, Bax or Bak.

The Trans-activator of transcription protein (Tat) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) inhibits cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity in permeabilized mitochondria isolated from both mouse and human liver, heart, and brain samples.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000178741 – Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000000088 – Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1 2 3 4 "Entrez Gene: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va".
↑ Zong NC, Li H, Li H, Lam MP, Jimenez RC, Kim CS, et al. (October 2013). "Integration of cardiac proteome biology and medicine by a specialized knowledgebase". Circulation Research. 113 (9): 1043–1053. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301151. PMC 4076475. PMID 23965338.
↑ "Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5a". Cardiac Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase (COPaKB). Archived from the original on 2018-07-19. Retrieved 2018-07-18.
↑ Voet D, Voet JG, Pratt CW (2013). "Chapter 18". Fundamentals of biochemistry: life at the molecular level (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. pp. 581–620. ISBN 978-0-470-54784-7.
↑ Chen ZX, Pervaiz S (March 2010). "Involvement of cytochrome c oxidase subunits Va and Vb in the regulation of cancer cell metabolism by Bcl-2". Cell Death and Differentiation. 17 (3): 408–420. doi:10.1038/cdd.2009.132. PMID 19834492.
↑ Lecoeur H, Borgne-Sanchez A, Chaloin O, El-Khoury R, Brabant M, Langonné A, et al. (2012). "HIV-1 Tat protein directly induces mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and inactivates cytochrome c oxidase". Cell Death & Disease. 3 (3): e282. doi:10.1038/cddis.2012.21. PMC 3317353. PMID 22419111.

External links

Human COX5A genome location and COX5A gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Mass spectrometry characterization of COX5A at COPaKB

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000178741 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000000088 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] 1 2 3 4 "Entrez Gene: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va".

[COPaKB-6] Zong NC, Li H, Li H, Lam MP, Jimenez RC, Kim CS, et al. (October 2013). "Integration of cardiac proteome biology and medicine by a specialized knowledgebase". Circulation Research. 113 (9): 1043–1053. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301151. PMC 4076475. PMID 23965338.

[url_COPaKB-7] "Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5a". Cardiac Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase (COPaKB). Archived from the original on 2018-07-19. Retrieved 2018-07-18.

[Biochem-8] Voet D, Voet JG, Pratt CW (2013). "Chapter 18". Fundamentals of biochemistry: life at the molecular level (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. pp. 581–620. ISBN 978-0-470-54784-7.

[9] Chen ZX, Pervaiz S (March 2010). "Involvement of cytochrome c oxidase subunits Va and Vb in the regulation of cancer cell metabolism by Bcl-2". Cell Death and Differentiation. 17 (3): 408–420. doi:10.1038/cdd.2009.132. PMID 19834492.

[10] Lecoeur H, Borgne-Sanchez A, Chaloin O, El-Khoury R, Brabant M, Langonné A, et al. (2012). "HIV-1 Tat protein directly induces mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and inactivates cytochrome c oxidase". Cell Death & Disease. 3 (3): e282. doi:10.1038/cddis.2012.21. PMC 3317353. PMID 22419111.