Chaima language
| Chaima | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Venezuela |
| Region | Monagas |
| Extinct | (date missing) |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ciy |
| Glottolog | chai1253 |
| ELP | Chaima |
| Linguasphere | 83-OBB-bb |
Chaima is an extinct Cariban language of Venezuela.
Documentation
The earliest documentation of Chaima was recorded by the Capuchin friar Francisco de Tauste.
In the 18th century the well-known explorer and scientist Alexander von Humboldt recorded information about Chayma in his work Voyage aux régions équinoxiales du Nouveau Continent, and its English translation.
Humboldt's wordlist is below:
| Chayma | English |
|---|---|
| U-re | I, myself. |
| Eure | you. |
| Teure | he, him. |
| Teurecon | themselves. |
| Uchere | me also. |
| Euya | to you. |
| Toya | perhaps, teuya, to him. |
| Taquer | with him. |
| Uca or uguarey | like me. |
| Ucarepra | not like me. |
| Muene, muenere | that. |
| Temerene | all that. |
| Tibinpupra | one only. |
| Achacono | both. |
| Achoroaono | all three. |
| Ucheepchic, ucheucurca | myself, in insisting, myself without doubt. |
| Taquer | with him. |
| Upuyao or upunyao | for me. |
| Guaz | I am, (az, to be; g-u me, thus, me to be). |
| Pra | no, not. |
| Zis | sun, |
| Nuna | moon. |
| Septuca | Venus. |
| Vilaborei | the Pleiades. |
| Apotos | fire. |
| Tuna | water. |
| Conopo | rain, shower. |
| Pesissi | wind. |
| Mico | child. |
| Ures | girl. |
| Urajot | boy. |
| Iguanetpur or ipuetepuin | widower. |
| Ipuetepur | widow. |
| Tuguerizquen | the bridegroom. |
| Tuanequen | the bride. |
| Ye | tree or wood. |
| Caney | a shed. |
| Chinchorro | hammock. |
| Uguemur | fever. |
| Notomocan | that is done. |
| Panaz or paremana | that is enough. |
| Ucaymuer, uguozpar, or uguozuar | my game, what I have killed. |
| Eniri, eneritpur, or enerizpo | your work. |
| Piache | magician, physician. |
| Ivorokiamo | devil, evil spirit. |
| Chavi | tiger, jaguar. |
| Chavinaci | descending from a tiger, a figurative expression meaning a cruel man. |
| Totelelo | cock. |
| Focora | hen. |
| Cuivivi | duck. |
| Tucuchi | humming-bird. |
| Sicotu | chigoe, pulex penetrans. |
| Bututo | pronouncing the b nearly as an f, flute. |
| Camo | to sing. |
| Tandema | to morrow. |
| Chuque | take, imperative. |
| Pisca | carry, imperative. |
| Tropse | he bursts. |
| Kesoptreipnei | he is ill. |
| Ispinkepolepi | it is hot. |
| Tenetkinpoli | it is cold. |
| Nesselcane | it thunders. |
| Tinpole poc maney | it rains already. |
| Mico nis-inimipani | a child is born. |
| Tuquerizque camanay, or tuputcamanay? | are you married? (masc.) |
| Tuaneccamanay | are you married? (fem.) |
| Tuguerizqueguaz | I am married. (masc.) |
| Tuaniqueguaz | I am married (fem,) |
| Iguanepuin uze, or iguanepra | I am a widow. |
| Iguirichipraguaz, or ipuitepra | I am a widower. |
| Iguanetac | marry, speaking to a woman. |
| Ipuetetac | marry, speaking to a man. |
| Epuitpe nechia meche | let this person be your wife. |
| Tupaguenapiaz | I have eaten enough. |
| Epuequere | for you. |
| Cupuncomiao, or cupuecon, or cupuerecon | for us. |
| Ipuec ipagua | he is with him. |
| Onquepan, or aponomac | give me more. |
| Guarepanca | I will carry more. |
| Epuec charpe guaz | I am merry with you. |
| Apazcatepayene | he likes to kill. |
| Notomocan | that is done. |
| Guanatpuec | he cultivates his garden. |
| Quenapuinuze | I have not seen him. |
| Ayaz yecran | the maize is getting wet. |
| Tecreguez | it is slippery. |
| Imoron, or imoromnique | poisoner. |
| Turopiurpuec | he is dying. |
| Yarazinyao or tarazincomiao | he will be afraid. |
| Nunenao | by moon-light. |
| Eyepatechin | they must learn |
| Etatechin | they must hear. |
| Enertechin | they must do. |
| Uyare onquepe | give me also. |
| Amachenepque | go and bring me. |
| Amna zesin, or enzez | let us go. |
| Etigua? | what is that? |
| Mananequian | he is called. |
| Ipunet | he chooses it. |
| Anec narepo | who has seen him? |
| Guayque cumuepo, or cumuepuec | they are going to kill game. |
| Zazamar | road. |
| Conopyaune, or conopyayere | in the time of the shower. |
| Quenpotupra quoguaz | I do not know him. |
| Quenepra quoguaz | I have not seen him. |
| Terepuirpucc | why is he frightened? |
| Turayerpuec | because of the disease. |
| Chetayma | within. |
| Cumuernian | he wanted to beat him. |
| Upatay guane mana | there is honey in my hut. |
| Tumanemia | always dancing. |
| Utechirin | I will go also. |
| Mazpantonoma apotoaca itumuecon | the wicked only will go into the fire. |
| Patre Cumanantacanan | is the father at Cumana? |
| Cumanantacamana | yes, he is at Cumana. |
| Montaonocon, or taronocon | those of this place. |
| Miyonocon | those of that place below. |
| Yequiz puec capuemiaz | I tied him to the tree. |
References
- ↑ "Chaima". ethnologue.com. Retrieved 2024-01-29..
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2026). "Chaima". Glottolog 5.3. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ de Tauste, Francisco (1680). Arte y bocabulario de la lengua de los indios chaymas, cumanagotos, cores, parias, y otros diversos de la provincia de Cumana, o Nueva Andalucia. Madrid: Bernardo de Villa.
- ↑ Adam, Lucien (1893). Matériaux pour servir à l'établissement d'une grammaire comparée des dialectes de la famille Caribe. Bibliothèque Linguistique Américaine. Vol. XVII. Harvard University. Paris: Paris, J. Maisonneuve.
- ↑ Humboldt, Alexander von (1816). Voyage aux régions équinoxiales du Nouveau Continent (in French). Vol. 3. Paris: N. Maze.
- ↑ Humboldt, Alexander von (1822). "Language of the Chaymas in the Missions of Caripe". Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent. Vol. 3. Translated by Helen Maria Williams. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. p. 301.
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