Chimuziphius

Chimuziphius; Temporal range: Miocene (Tortonian),; ~9.9–8.9 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Aqu. Burdig. Lan. Ser. Tortonian M Z P
	Holotype cranium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Infraorder:	Cetacea
Family:	Ziphiidae
Genus:	†Chimuziphius; Bianucci et al., 2016
Species:	†C. coloradensis
Binomial name
	†Chimuziphius coloradensis; Bianucci et al., 2016

Chimuziphius is an extinct genus of beaked whale (family Ziphiidae) known from the Miocene (Tortonian age) Pisco Formation of Peru. The genus contains a single species, Chimuziphius coloradensis.

Discovery and naming

The only known fossil of Chimuziphius was discovered in the Cerro Colarado locality of the Pisco Formation in the Pisco-Ica Desert of Peru between 2014 and 2016. This specimen includes a partial cranium (MUSM 2548), missing parts of the rostrum, neurocranial, and basicranial regions.

In 2016, Giovanni Bianucci and colleagues described Chimuziphius coloradensis as a new genus and species of ziphiid whale, establishing MUSM 2548 as the holotype specimen. The first part of the genus name, "Chimu", comes from the Chimú culture, an ancient northern coastal Peruvian culture from the 12th–14th centuries, while "Ziphius" is the type genus of Ziphiidae. The specific name comes from the Cerro Colorado site of the Pisco Formation, where the remains of the taxon were found.

Classification

The results of the phylogenetic analysis done by Biannucci et al. (2016) are shown below:

Ziphiidae

†Chavinziphius

†Ninoziphius

Crown Ziphiidae

†Messapicetus clade

	†Chimuziphius

	†Notoziphius

†Messapicetus

†Ziphirostrum

†Aporotus spp.

†Beneziphius

†Choneziphius

†Imocetus

	†Globicetus

	†Tusciziphius

Palaeoecology

Many other animals are known from the Pisco Formation, including other cetaceans such as physeteroids (Livyatan melvillei), pontoporiids (Brachydelphis mazeasi), other ziphiids (Messapicetus gregarius), delphinidans similar to kentriodontids, indeterminate cetotheriids and balaeonopterid mysticetes. Crocodylians, sea turtles (Pacifichelys urbinai) seabirds (Sula brandi and Sula figueroae), lamniform sharks (Otodus and Cosmopolitodus), and bony fish are also known.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 Bianucci, Giovanni; Celma, Claudio Di; Urbina, Mario; Lambert, Olivier (20 September 2016). "New beaked whales from the late Miocene of Peru and evidence for convergent evolution in stem and crown Ziphiidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti)". PeerJ. 4 e2479. doi:10.7717/peerj.2479. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 5036081. PMID 27688973.
↑ DE MUIZON, C (1983). "Un Ziphiidae (Cetacea) nouveau du Pliocène inférieur du Pérou". Un Ziphiidae (Cetacea) nouveau du Pliocène inférieur du Pérou. 297 (1): 85–88. ISSN 0750-7623.
↑ Bianucci, Giovanni; Lambert, Olivier; Post, Klaas (2010-09-16). "High concentration of long-snouted beaked whales (genus Messapicetus) from the Miocene of Peru: BEAKED WHALES FROM THE MIOCENE OF PERU". Palaeontology. 53 (5): 1077–1098. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00995.x.
↑ Bianucci, Giovanni; Di Celma, Claudio; Landini, Walter; Post, Klaas; Tinelli, Chiara; de Muizon, Christian; Gariboldi, Karen; Malinverno, Elisa; Cantalamessa, Gino; Gioncada, Anna; Collareta, Alberto; Gismondi, Rodolfo-Salas; Varas-Malca, Rafael; Urbina, Mario; Lambert, Olivier (2016-05-26). "Distribution of fossil marine vertebrates in Cerro Colorado, the type locality of the giant raptorial sperm whale Livyatan melvillei (Miocene, Pisco Formation, Peru)". Journal of Maps. 12 (3): 543–557. doi:10.1080/17445647.2015.1048315. hdl:11568/760494. ISSN 1744-5647.
↑ Collareta, Alberto; Landini, Walter; Lambert, Olivier; Post, Klaas; Tinelli, Chiara; Di Celma, Claudio; Panetta, Daniele; Tripodi, Maria; Salvadori, Piero A.; Caramella, Davide; Marchi, Damiano; Urbina, Mario; Bianucci, Giovanni (2015). "Piscivory in a Miocene Cetotheriidae of Peru: first record of fossilized stomach content for an extinct baleen-bearing whale". The Science of Nature. 102 (11–12). doi:10.1007/s00114-015-1319-y. hdl:11568/759524. ISSN 0028-1042.
↑ Parham, James F.; Pyenson, Nicholas D. (2010). "New sea turtle from the Miocene of Peru and the iterative evolution of feeding ecomorphologies since the Cretaceous". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (2): 231–247. doi:10.1666/09-077R.1. ISSN 0022-3360.
↑ Stucchi, Marcelo; Varas-Malca, Rafael; Urbina-Schmitt, Mario (2015). "New Miocene sulid birds from Peru and considerations on their Neogene fossil record in the Eastern Pacific Ocean". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. doi:10.4202/app.00170.2015.
↑ Lambert, Olivier; Bianucci, Giovanni; Post, Klaas (2010-02-17). "Tusk-bearing beaked whales from the Miocene of Peru: sexual dimorphism in fossil ziphiids?". Journal of Mammalogy. 91 (1): 19–26. doi:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-388R1.1. ISSN 0022-2372.
↑ Lambert, Olivier; Bianucci, Giovanni; Post, Klaas; de Muizon, Christian; Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo; Urbina, Mario; Reumer, Jelle (2010-07-01). "The giant bite of a new raptorial sperm whale from the Miocene epoch of Peru". Nature. 466 (7302): 105–108. doi:10.1038/nature09067. ISSN 0028-0836.

[:0-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bianucci, Giovanni; Celma, Claudio Di; Urbina, Mario; Lambert, Olivier (20 September 2016). "New beaked whales from the late Miocene of Peru and evidence for convergent evolution in stem and crown Ziphiidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti)". PeerJ. 4 e2479. doi:10.7717/peerj.2479. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 5036081. PMID 27688973.

[2] DE MUIZON, C (1983). "Un Ziphiidae (Cetacea) nouveau du Pliocène inférieur du Pérou". Un Ziphiidae (Cetacea) nouveau du Pliocène inférieur du Pérou. 297 (1): 85–88. ISSN 0750-7623.

[3] Bianucci, Giovanni; Lambert, Olivier; Post, Klaas (2010-09-16). "High concentration of long-snouted beaked whales (genus Messapicetus) from the Miocene of Peru: BEAKED WHALES FROM THE MIOCENE OF PERU". Palaeontology. 53 (5): 1077–1098. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00995.x.

[:1-4] Bianucci, Giovanni; Di Celma, Claudio; Landini, Walter; Post, Klaas; Tinelli, Chiara; de Muizon, Christian; Gariboldi, Karen; Malinverno, Elisa; Cantalamessa, Gino; Gioncada, Anna; Collareta, Alberto; Gismondi, Rodolfo-Salas; Varas-Malca, Rafael; Urbina, Mario; Lambert, Olivier (2016-05-26). "Distribution of fossil marine vertebrates in Cerro Colorado, the type locality of the giant raptorial sperm whale Livyatan melvillei (Miocene, Pisco Formation, Peru)". Journal of Maps. 12 (3): 543–557. doi:10.1080/17445647.2015.1048315. hdl:11568/760494. ISSN 1744-5647.

[:2-5] Collareta, Alberto; Landini, Walter; Lambert, Olivier; Post, Klaas; Tinelli, Chiara; Di Celma, Claudio; Panetta, Daniele; Tripodi, Maria; Salvadori, Piero A.; Caramella, Davide; Marchi, Damiano; Urbina, Mario; Bianucci, Giovanni (2015). "Piscivory in a Miocene Cetotheriidae of Peru: first record of fossilized stomach content for an extinct baleen-bearing whale". The Science of Nature. 102 (11–12). doi:10.1007/s00114-015-1319-y. hdl:11568/759524. ISSN 0028-1042.

[:3-6] Parham, James F.; Pyenson, Nicholas D. (2010). "New sea turtle from the Miocene of Peru and the iterative evolution of feeding ecomorphologies since the Cretaceous". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (2): 231–247. doi:10.1666/09-077R.1. ISSN 0022-3360.

[:4-7] Stucchi, Marcelo; Varas-Malca, Rafael; Urbina-Schmitt, Mario (2015). "New Miocene sulid birds from Peru and considerations on their Neogene fossil record in the Eastern Pacific Ocean". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. doi:10.4202/app.00170.2015.

[8] Lambert, Olivier; Bianucci, Giovanni; Post, Klaas (2010-02-17). "Tusk-bearing beaked whales from the Miocene of Peru: sexual dimorphism in fossil ziphiids?". Journal of Mammalogy. 91 (1): 19–26. doi:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-388R1.1. ISSN 0022-2372.

[9] Lambert, Olivier; Bianucci, Giovanni; Post, Klaas; de Muizon, Christian; Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo; Urbina, Mario; Reumer, Jelle (2010-07-01). "The giant bite of a new raptorial sperm whale from the Miocene epoch of Peru". Nature. 466 (7302): 105–108. doi:10.1038/nature09067. ISSN 0028-0836.