Chinali language

Chinali
Chinali
𑚏𑚮𑚝𑚥𑚡𑚭𑚋𑚲 Chinalbhashe
Native to	Himachal Pradesh
Region	Chandra and Chandrabhaga Valley
Ethnicity	Chinali[citation needed]
Native speakers	215 (2016)
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan (unclassified) Chinali–Lahul Chinali; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	cih
Glottolog	chin1475

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Chinali (natively called Chinalbhashe)^{[citation needed]} is an unclassified, and critically endangered language of India spoken by about 220 people. Many speakers are well educated. Speakers are distributed throughout Lahul (or Lahaul) Valley. It is written in the Devanagari script. It is possible that Chinali is also closely related to Sanskrit.

Phonology

**Consonants**
		Labial	Dental	Palatal	Retroflex	Velar/ Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ɳ	ŋ
Stop	voiceless	p	t̪		ʈ	k
	aspirated	pʰ	t̪ʰ		ʈʰ	kʰ
	voiced	b	d̪		ɖ	ɡ
	breathy	bʱ	d̪ʱ		ɖʱ	ɡʱ
Affricate	voiceless		t͡s	t͡ʃ
	aspirated		t͡sʰ	t͡ʃʰ
	voiced		d͡z	d͡ʒ
	breathy			d͡ʒʱ
Semi vowels		w
Spirants	unvoiced		s	ʃ	ʂ	x
Spirants	voiced		z			ɦ
Vibrant				r	ɽ
Lateral				l	ɭ

**Vowels**
	Front	Central	Back
Near-close/high	iː		uː
mid higher	ɛ ɛː		ɔ
Near-open		ɐ ɐː ɐ̃ː	a aː

References

1 2 3 Chinali at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
↑ "Indo-Aryan Languages", "International Encyclopedia of Linguistics Vol. 1" edited by W. J. Frawley.
↑ Chamberlain, Brad, Wendy (August 2019). "A Sociolinguistic Survey of Lahul Valley, Himachal Pradesh" (PDF). SIL International: 10.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
1 2 A Descriptive Grammar & Vocabulary of Chinali, Dr. D.D. Sharma

External links

The Chinali language documentation project at SPPEL

[e25-1] 1 2 3 Chinali at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)

[International_Encyclopedia_of_Linguistics_Vol._1-2] "Indo-Aryan Languages", "International Encyclopedia of Linguistics Vol. 1" edited by W. J. Frawley.

[3] Chamberlain, Brad, Wendy (August 2019). "A Sociolinguistic Survey of Lahul Valley, Himachal Pradesh" (PDF). SIL International: 10.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[phon-4] 1 2 A Descriptive Grammar & Vocabulary of Chinali, Dr. D.D. Sharma

Chinali
𑚏𑚮𑚝𑚥𑚡𑚭𑚋𑚲 Chinalbhashe
Native to	Himachal Pradesh
Region	Chandra and Chandrabhaga Valley
Ethnicity	Chinali^{[citation needed]}
Native speakers	215 (2016)
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan (unclassified) Chinali–Lahul Chinali
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`cih`
Glottolog	`chin1475`