Chthonerpeton
| Chthonerpeton | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Chthonerpeton indistinctum | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Gymnophiona |
| Clade: | Apoda |
| Family: | Typhlonectidae |
| Genus: | Chthonerpeton Peters, 1880 |
Chthonerpeton is a genus of semiaquatic caecilian amphibians in the family Typhlonectidae. They occur in South America east of the Andes, with most species occurring along the Brazilian Atlantic coast.
With ten currently recognized species, Chthonerpeton is the most speciose genus within Typhlonectidae. Species are characterized by having several diagnostic traits, including small ovate external nares, tentacular apertures located at an intermediate position between the eye and naris, and unroofed tentacular grooves.
Phylogenetically, Chthonerpeton is often recovered as the sister taxon to all other typhlonectids and retains plesiomorphic features, such as a subcylindrical body and the absence of fins.
Species
Chthonerpeton contains the following species:
- Chthonerpeton arii Cascon and Lima-Verde, 1994
- Chthonerpeton braestrupi Taylor, 1968
- Chthonerpeton exile Nussbaum and Wilkinson, 1987
- Chthonerpeton indistinctum (Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862)
- Chthonerpeton markwilkinsoni Santos, Pineschi, and Zaher, 2025
- Chthonerpeton noctinectes Silva, Britto-Pereira, and Caramaschi, 2003
- Chthonerpeton onorei Nussbaum, 1986
- Chthonerpeton perissodus Nussbaum and Wilkinson, 1987
- Chthonerpeton tremembe Maciel, Leite, Silva-Leite, Leite, and Cascon, 2015
- Chthonerpeton viviparum Parker and Wettstein, 1929
References
- 1 2 Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Chthonerpeton Peters, 1880". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- ↑ Vitt, L. J.; Caldwell, J. P. (25 March 2013). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles. Academic Press. pp. 453–454. ISBN 978-0-12-386920-3. OCLC 898295183.
- ↑ Santos, R.O.; Pineschi, R.B.; Zaher, H. (2025). A new species of Chthonerpeton (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Typhlonectidae) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Zootaxa 5728(3): 561–570. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5728.3.6
- ↑ Wilkinson, M. & Nussbaum, R.A. (2006). Caecilian phylogeny and classification. In: Exbrayat, J.-M. (ed.), Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Gymnophiona: Caecilians. CRC Press, pp. 39–78.
- ↑ Wilkinson, M.; San Mauro, D.; Sherratt, E.; Gower, D.J. (2011). A nine-family classification of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Zootaxa 2874: 41–64.
- ↑ Wilkinson, M.; Nussbaum, R.A. (1999). "Evolutionary relationships of the caecilian family Typhlonectidae (Amphibia: Gymnophiona)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 126: 191–223.
- ↑ Maciel, A.O.; Sampaio, M.I.; Hoogmoed, M.S.; Schneider, H. (2017). Phylogenetic relationships of the largest lungless tetrapod (Gymnophiona, Atretochoana) and the evolution of lunglessness in caecilians. Zoologica Scripta 46(3): 255–263.
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