Citharexylum

Citharexylum
C. caudatum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Verbenaceae
Genus: Citharexylum
B.Juss. (1753)
Type species
Citharexylum spinosum
(L.)
Synonyms
  • Baillonia Bocq. (1862)
  • Dicaryum Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (1819)
  • Rauwolfia Ruiz & Pav. (1799), orth. var.

Citharexylum is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the United States to Argentina. The highest diversity occurs in Mexico and the Andes. The generic name is derived from the Greek words κιθάρα (kithara), meaning "lyre", and ξύλον (xylon), meaning "wood," referring to the use of the wood in the sounding boards of string instruments. Several species, especially C. caudatum and C. spinosum, are cultivated as ornamentals.

Species

78 species are accepted.

  1. Citharexylum affine D.Don - from northern Mexico to Nicaragua
  2. Citharexylum alainii Moldenke - Dominican Republic
  3. Citharexylum altamiranum Greenm. - northeastern Mexico
  4. Citharexylum amabile (Bocq.) Christenh. & Byng – west-central Brazil, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina
  5. Citharexylum andinum Moldenke - Bolivia, Jujuy Province of Argentina
  6. Citharexylum berlandieri B.L. Rob. - from Texas to Oaxaca - Berlandier's fiddlewood, Tamaulipan fiddlewood
  7. Citharexylum bourgeauanum Greenm. - Veracruz, Oaxaca
  8. Citharexylum brachyanthum (A.Gray ex Hemsl.) A.Gray - Texas, Coahuila, Nuevo León - Boxthorn fiddlewood, Mexican fiddlewood
  9. Citharexylum broadwayi O.E.Schulz - Trinidad and northeastern Venezuela
  10. Citharexylum calvum Moldenke - Quintana Roo
  11. Citharexylum caudatum L. - southern Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Colombia, Peru - Juniper berry
  12. Citharexylum cooperi Standl. - Costa Rica, Panama, Guatemala
  13. Citharexylum costaricense Moldenke - Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras
  14. Citharexylum crassifolium Greenm - Chiapas, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras
  15. Citharexylum danirae León de la Luz & F.Chiang - Revillagigedo Islands of Baja California
  16. Citharexylum decorum Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela
  17. Citharexylum dentatum D.Don - Peru
  18. Citharexylum discolor Turcz. - Cuba, Hispaniola
  19. Citharexylum donnell-smithii Greenm. - Oaxaca, Chiapas, Central America
  20. Citharexylum ekmanii Moldenke - Cuba
  21. Citharexylum ellipticum Moc. & Sessé ex D.Don - Veracruz, Campeche, Tabasco; naturalized in Cuba + Cayman Islands
  22. Citharexylum endlichii Moldenke - northeastern Mexico
  23. Citharexylum flabellifolium S.Watson - Sonora, Baja California
  24. Citharexylum flexuosum (Ruiz & Pav.) D.Don - Bolivia, Peru
  25. Citharexylum fulgidum Moldenke - Veracruz, northeastern Mexico
  26. Citharexylum glabrum (S.Watson) Greenm - Oaxaca
  27. Citharexylum guatemalense (Moldenke) D.N.Gibson - Guatemala, Nicaragua
  28. Citharexylum herrerae Mansf. - Peru
  29. Citharexylum hexangulare Greenm. - from northern Mexico to Costa Rica
  30. Citharexylum hidalgense Moldenke - Mexico
  31. Citharexylum hintonii Moldenke - México State
  32. Citharexylum hirtellum Standl. - from Veracruz to Panama
  33. Citharexylum ilicifolium Kunth - Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador
  34. Citharexylum × jamaicense Moldenke - Jamaica, Haiti, Puerto Rico (C. caudatum × C. spinosum)
  35. Citharexylum joergensenii (Lillo) Moldenke - Argentina, Bolivia
  36. Citharexylum karstenii Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela
  37. Citharexylum kerberi Greenm. - Veracruz
  38. Citharexylum kunthianum Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador
  39. Citharexylum laurifolium Hayek - Bolivia, Peru
  40. Citharexylum × leonis Moldenke - Cuba (C. caudatum × C. tristachyum)
  41. Citharexylum ligustrifolium (Thur. ex Decne.) Van Houtte - Mexico
  42. Citharexylum lucidum Cham. & Schltdl. - Mexico
  43. Citharexylum lycioides D.Don - Mexico
  44. Citharexylum macradenium Greenm. - Panama, Costa Rica
  45. Citharexylum macrochlamys Pittier - Panama, Colombia
  46. Citharexylum matheanum Borhidi & Kereszty - Cuba
  47. Citharexylum matudae Moldenke - Chiapas
  48. Citharexylum mexicanum Moldenke - Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca
  49. Citharexylum microphyllum (DC.) O.E.Schulz - Hisipaniola
  50. Citharexylum mocinoi D.Don - Mexico, Central America
  51. Citharexylum montanum Moldenke - Colombia, Ecuador
  52. Citharexylum montevidense (Spreng.) Moldenke - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
  53. Citharexylum myrianthum Cham. - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay
  54. Citharexylum obtusifolium Kuhlm - Espírito Santo (unplaced)
  55. Citharexylum oleinum (Benth. ex Lindl.) Moldenke - Mexico
  56. Citharexylum ovatifolium Greenm. - Mexico
  57. Citharexylum peruvianum N.O'Leary & Frost - northwestern Peru
  58. Citharexylum poeppigii Walp. - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil
  59. Citharexylum quitense Spreng. - Ecuador
  60. Citharexylum racemosum Sessé & Moc. - Mexico
  61. Citharexylum reticulatum Kunth - Ecuador, Peru
  62. Citharexylum rosei Greenm. - Mexico
  63. Citharexylum roxanae Moldenke - Baja California
  64. Citharexylum scabrum Moc. & Sessé ex D.Don - northern Mexico
  65. Citharexylum schottii Greenm. - southern Mexico, Central America
  66. Citharexylum schulzii Urb. & Ekman - Hispaniola
  67. Citharexylum sessaei D.Don - Mexico
  68. Citharexylum shrevei Moldenke - Sonora
  69. Citharexylum solanaceum Cham. - southern Brazil
  70. Citharexylum spinosum L. – Spiny fiddlewood - West Indies, Panama, Venezuela, the Guianas; naturalized in India, Mozambique, Fiji, Bermuda
  71. Citharexylum stenophyllum Urb. & Ekman - Haiti
  72. Citharexylum steyermarkii Moldenke - Veracruz, Chiapas, Guatemala
  73. Citharexylum subflavescens S.F.Blake - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru
  74. Citharexylum subthyrsoideum Pittier - Colombia, Venezuela
  75. Citharexylum svensonii Moldenke - Ecuador
  76. Citharexylum teclense Standl. - El Salvador
  77. Citharexylum ternatum Moldenke - Cuba
  78. Citharexylum tetramerum Brandegee - Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán in Mexico
  79. Citharexylum tristachyum Turcz. – Threespike Fiddlewood - Cuba, Jamaica, Leeward Islands
  80. Citharexylum ulei Moldenke - Colombia, Peru, northwestern Brazil
  81. Citharexylum venezuelense Moldenke - Venezuela
  82. Citharexylum weberbaueri Hayek - Peru

Formerly placed here

References

  1. ↑ "Citharexylum L." TROPICOS. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
  2. 1 2 Citharexylum B.Juss. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  3. ↑ "Genus: Citharexylum L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2005-01-29. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2009-09-24.
  4. 1 2 Whistler, W. Arthur (2000). Tropical Ornamentals: a Guide. Timber Press. pp. 128–130. ISBN 978-0-88192-475-6.
  5. ↑ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: A-C. CRC Press. p. 544. ISBN 978-0-8493-2675-2.
  6. ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  7. ↑ Aymard, Gerardo A.; Ricardo M. Rueda (Summer 1997). "A New Species of Citharexylum (Verbenaceae) from Ecuador". Novon. 7 (2): 95–97. doi:10.2307/3392177. JSTOR 3392177.
  8. ↑ Burke, Don (2005). The Complete Burke's Backyard: the Ultimate Book of Fact Sheets. Murdoch Books. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-74045-739-2.
  9. ↑ Austin, Daniel F. (2004). Florida Ethnobotany. CRC Press. pp. 217–219. ISBN 978-0-8493-2332-4.
  10. 1 2 "GRIN Species Records of Citharexylum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2010-09-13.
  11. ↑ "Citharexylum". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 25 January 2010.

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