Comparison of functional programming languages

The table shows a comparison of functional programming languages which compares various features and designs of different functional programming languages.

NamePureLazy evaluationTypingAbstract data typesAlgebraic data typesData is immutableType classesGarbage collectionFirst appeared
Common LispNoSimulated with thunksDynamicYesExtensionNo?Yes1984
SchemeNoYesDynamicYesSimulated with thunksNoNoYes1975
RacketNoDefault in Lazy RacketStrong, Dynamic, statically typed with gradual typing in Typed RacketYesYes, with Algebraic RacketPartialNoYes1995
ClojureNoYesDynamicYesYesYesNoYes2007
Standard MLNoNoStaticYesYesYesNoYes1983
OCamlNoYesStaticYesYesYesSimulated with parametric modulesYes1996
F#NoYesStaticYesYesYesNoYes2005
HaskellYesDefaultStaticYesYesYesYesYes1990
ScalaNoYesStaticYesYesYesYesYes2004
JavaScriptNoExtensionDynamicExtensionExtensionPartial?Yes1995
CleanYesYes, with optional strictness annotationsStatic with uniqueness/optionally dynamicYesYesYes, except for unique typesYesYes1987
MirandaYesDefaultStaticYesYesYesNoYes1986
SASLYesYesDynamicYesYesYesNoYes1972
ElixirNoStream moduleDynamicYesNoYes?Yes2012
ErlangNoNoDynamicYesNoYes?Yes1986
ElmYesNoStatic?YesYesNoYes2012
FutharkYesNoStaticYesYesYesNoYes2014
PythonNoSimulated with generatorsDynamicYesNoPartial?Yes1991
IdrisYesYesStaticYesYesYesYesYes2007
NixYesYesDynamicNoYesYesNoYes2003
Wolfram Language No No Static Yes Yes Yes No Yes 1988
Kotlin No Lazy delegation and Sequence Static Yes No Yes No Yes 2011
Swift No No Static Yes Yes Yes No Swift uses Automatic Reference Counting, which differs from tracing garbage collection but is designed to provide similar benefits with better performance. 2014
Julia No No Dynamic Yes No Partial ? Yes 2012
PureScript Yes No Static Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2013
Rust No Lazy iterators and external libraries Static Yes Yes Yes Yes, through traits No 2010
Bosque No No Static Yes Yes Yes ? Yes 2019
D Optional Optional Static ? Yes Yes No Yes 2001
GleamNoExperimental external librariesStaticYesYesYesNoYes2019

References

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  57. ↑ "FAQ - Clean".
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  60. 1 2 3 "Miranda Official Website".
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  62. ↑ "An Overview of Miranda".
  63. ↑ Turner, D.A. "An Implementation of SASL". University of St. Andrews, Department of Computer Science Technical Report. TR/75/4.
  64. ↑ Kahn, Gilles; Bertot, Yves; Huet, Gérard; Lévy, Jean-Jacques; Plotkin, Gordon (2009-09-24). Kahn networks at the dawn of functional programming. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521518253.
  65. ↑ "Stream — Elixir v1.17.2".
  66. ↑ "Erlang Reference Manual". Retrieved 27 November 2013.
  67. ↑ "Erlang Programming Language - Abstract Patterns".
  68. ↑ "Stack Overflow - How do I modify a record in erlang?". Retrieved 15 December 2013.
  69. 1 2 3 "Elm Blog - Interactive Programming". Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
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  71. ↑ "Type Inference". Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  72. ↑ "Functional Programming in Python".
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  74. ↑ "Abstract Data Types and Stacks" (PDF).
  75. ↑ Immutable object#Python
  76. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Idris Overview". Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  77. 1 2 3 "Nix Language - Nix 2.34.0 Reference Manual".
  78. ↑ "Kotlin - Delegated Properties".
  79. ↑ "kotlin-stdlib - kotlin.sequences".
  80. ↑ "Noteworthy Differences from Other Languages - The Julia Language".
  81. 1 2 3 "Types - The Julia Language".
  82. ↑ "The Rust Programming Language, Processing a Series of Items with Iterators".
  83. ↑ "Rust crate 'lazy'".
  84. ↑ "The Rust Programming Language, Data Types".
  85. 1 2 "The Rust Programming Language, Traits".
  86. ↑ "The Rust Programming Language, Enums".
  87. ↑ "The Rust Programming Language, Variables and Mutability".
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  89. ↑ "D safe functions". Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  90. ↑ "Laziness - Dlang Tour". Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  91. ↑ "Type System". Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  92. ↑ "Immutable - Dlang Tour". Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  93. ↑ "Garbage Collection". Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  94. ↑ "Frequently asked questions – Gleam".