↑Fairchild, G.B.; Burger, J.F. (1994). "A catalog of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Americas south of the United States". Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 55: vii + 249.
↑Stone, A. (1944). "Some Tabanidae from Venezuela". Bol. Ent. Venezolana. 3: 125–138.