Southwestern Fars dialects

Southwestern Fars
Fars
Tajiki
Native toIran
Native speakers
100,000 (2012)
Language codes
ISO 639-3fay
Glottologsout2645

Southwestern Fars dialects, or simply Fars dialects, are a cluster of disparate dialects of Fars. The one illustrated here is the Davani dialect (Davani: devani; Persian: دوانی, transliteration: Davāni) of the village of Davan, 12 kilometers north of Kazerun city in southern Iran. Davani is listed as a Persid language distinct from other Southwestern Fars dialects in Windfuhr (2012). Details of the Fars dialects are found in Windfuhr (1999).

Davani had an estimated 1,000 speakers in 2004.

Dialects

Lecoq (1989: 341) lists the following dialects, named after the towns or regions in which they are spoken:

Buringuni, Māsarmi, Somghuni, Pāpuni, Ardakāni, Kalāti, Xullāri, Kondāzi, Davāni.

To these Glottolog adds Judeo-Shirazi.

Ethnologue has a longer list, with some of the names likely synonyms for the ones above:

Basseri, Judeo-Shirazi (Old Shirazi), Delvari, Davani, Ahrami, Bandar Rig, Bardesuni (Bardestāni), Bēbehōni (Behbahāni), Bordekhuni, Dashtesuni (Dashtestāni), Dashtini, Dashtiyāti (Dashti), Gāvbandi, Genāve*i, Heshnizi, Jami, Kangāni, Khā*izi, Khenesiri, Khormuji, Qanavāti, Tangesiri.

(where * may be y, ʼ or zero).

Phonology

The transcription used here is only an approximation.

Vowels

short: a, e, i, o, u
long: â, ā, ē, ī, ō, ū

Consonants

Grammar

Verbs

Davani is ergative in past transitive constructions. For example (Persian transliterations are in UniPers):

English: Hasan saw Ali in the garden.
Persian: Hasan,      Ali-râ tuye bâq did.
Davani:  hasan-eš   ali-a   tu    bâγ di.

Infinitive markers include -san, -tan, -dan, -ðan.

Nouns

The suffix -aku makes nouns definite. For example:

bard "stone" → bard-aku "the stone"

The plural is marked by the suffix -gal. -u is exceptionally used for "man". For example:

sēv "apple" → sēv-gal "apples"
merd "man" → merd-u "men"

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns
PersonSingularPlural
1st mamu
2nd toshumu
3rd u
oy
unā
ushu

Vocabulary

Example sentences

English Davani Persian Unipers
What is this? i tsi-yen? این چیست؟ In cist?
Where is Ali? ali an kâ? علی کجاست؟ Ali kojâst?
This horse is white. i asp-e espe-hâ. .این اسب سفید است In asb sefid ast.
Go (and) chain Rostam's hand (and) bring him here, so that I give you the crown and the kingdom. beða dass-e rostam huven-eš bâ injo ke-t ma tâj šâi hâðe. .برو دست رستم را ببند، اینجا بیاور تا من تاج شاهی را به تو بدهم Boro daste Rostam râ beband, injâ beyâvar, tâ man tâje šâhi râ be to bedaham.
They say he works 10 hours a day. mege-yen rez-i dā sât kâr mēku. .میگویند روزی ده ساعت کار میکند Miguyand ruzi dah sâat kâr mikonad.
I have two small brothers and sisters. dikko-m borô xey-e xord-ek he. .دو برادر و خواهر کوچک دارم Do barâdar va xâhare kucak dâram.
If you will go just once to their village, you won't forget the hospitality of its people. agar hami akeš-a šesse-bi-ya velât-ešu hargese-tu meymu dâri-šu az yâð nemēšu. .اگر تنها یکبار به ده آنها رفته باشی، مهمان‌نوازی مردم آنجا را هرگز از یاد نخواهی برد Agar tanhâ yekbâr be dehe ânhâ rafte bâši, mehmânnavâziye mardome ânjâ râ hargez az yâd naxâhid bord.
Who called me? ke-š čer-om ze? چه کسی مرا صدا زد؟ Cekasi marâ sedâ zad?

See also

References

  1. ↑ Southwestern Fars at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ↑ Encyclopedia Iranica article on Davani
  3. ↑ Windfuhr (2012) The Iranian languages.
  4. ↑ Gernot L. Windfuhr (1999) [www.iranicaonline.org/articles/fars-viii/ FĀRS viii. Dialects,] Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IX, Fasc. 4, pp. 362–373.
  5. 1 2 Salami, A., 1383 AP / 2004 AD. Ganjineye guyeššenâsiye Fârs (The treasury of the dialectology of Fars). First Volume, The academy of Persian language and literature. Archived 2007-07-23 at the Wayback Machine ISBN 964-7531-32-X (in Persian)
  6. ↑ Pierre Lecoq (1989) Les dialect du sud-ouest de l'Iran. In Rüdiger Schmitt (ed.) Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag.
  7. ↑ Mahamedi, H., 1982. The story of Rostam and Esfandiyâr in an Iranian dialect,Journal of the American Oriental Studies, 102.3, 451-459.

Further reading