Fomitopsis

Fomitopsis
Fomitopsis pinicola
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Polyporales
Family: Fomitopsidaceae
Genus: Fomitopsis
P.Karst. (1881)
Type species
Fomitopsis pinicola
(Sw.) P.Karst. (1881)
Synonyms
  • Agaricon Tourn. ex Adans. (1763)
  • Agaricum P.Micheli ex Haller (1768)
  • Agarico-pulpa Paulet (1793)
  • Agaricum Paulet (1812)
  • Laricifomes Kotl. & Pouzar (1957)
  • Pilatoporus Kotl. & Pouzar (1990)
  • Rhodofomes Kotl. & Pouzar (1990)

Fomitopsis is a genus of more than 40 species of bracket fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae.

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Karsten in 1881 with Fomitopsis pinicola as the type species. Molecular analysis indicates that Fomitopsis belongs to the antrodia clade, which contains about 70 percent of brown-rot fungi. Other genera that join Fomitopsis in the core antrodia group include Amyloporia, Antrodia, Daedalea, Melanoporia, Piptoporus, and Rhodonia. Studies have indicated that Fomitopsis and Piptoporus were phylogenetically heterogenous, and the type of that genus, Piptoporus betulinus, is in the Fomitopsis core group. This fungus, well known for its use by Ötzi the Iceman, was transferred to Fomitopsis in 2016.

The whole genome sequence of Fomitopsis palustris was reported in 2017.

The generic name combines the name Fomes, a similar-looking genus, with the Ancient Greek word ὄψις ("appearance").

Description and ecology

Fomitopsis species have fruit bodies that are mostly perennial, with forms ranging from sessile to effused-reflexed (partially crust-like and partially pileate). Fruit body texture is typically tough to woody, and the pore surface is white to tan or pinkish-colored with mostly small and regular pores. Microscopically, Fomitopsis has a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae. The spores are hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, roughly spherical to cylindrical, and are negative in Melzer's reagent. Fomitopsis fungi cause a brown rot.

A possible Fomitopsis (but the identification was very uncertain) was once recorded in association with the little-known pleasing fungus beetle Haematochiton elateroides; however, it is suspected that the beetles were not feeding on the fungus, but simply hibernating in the dead log on which it grew.

Species

Fomitopsis rosea, Czech Republic

More than 40 species have been accepted in Fomitopsis.

References

  1. ↑ "Synonymy: Fomitopsis P. Karst., Meddn Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 6: 9 (1881)". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
  2. ↑ Karsten, Petter A. (1881). "Symbolae ad mycologiam Fennicam. VIII". Meddelanden af Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica (in Latin). 6: 7–13.
  3. ↑ Ortiz-Santana, B.; Lindner, D.L.; Miettinen, O.; Justo, A.; Hibbett, D.S. (2013). "A phylogenetic overview of the antrodia clade (Basidiomycota, Polyporales)". Mycologia. 105 (6): 1391–1411. doi:10.3852/13-051. PMID 23935025. S2CID 6647648.
  4. ↑ Kim, Kyung Mo; Yoon, Yuh-Gang; Jung, Hack Sung (2005). "Evaluation of the monophyly of Fomitopsis using parsimony and MCMC methods". Mycologia. 97 (4): 812–822. doi:10.1080/15572536.2006.11832773. JSTOR 3762231. PMID 16457351. S2CID 203881210.
  5. 1 2 Han, Mei-Ling; Chen, Yuan-Yuan; Shen, Lu-Lu; Song, Jie; Vlasák, Josef; Dai, Yu-Cheng; Cui, Bao-Kai (2016). "Taxonomy and phylogeny of the brown-rot fungi: Fomitopsis and its related genera". Fungal Diversity. 80 (1): 343–373. doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0364-y. hdl:11104/0263634. S2CID 34923876. Open access icon
  6. ↑ Hong, C.Y.; Lee, S.Y.; Ryu, S.H.; Kim, M. (2017). "Whole-genome de novo sequencing of wood rot fungus Fomitopsis palustris (ATCC62978) with both a cellulolytic and ligninolytic enzyme system". Journal of Biotechnology. 251: 156–159. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.04.009. PMID 28433724.
  7. ↑ Donk, M.A. (1960). "The generic names proposed for Polyporaceae". Persoonia. 1 (2): 173–302.
  8. ↑ Goodrich, Michael A. (1997): New Host Records for Haematochiton elateroides Gorham (Coleoptera: Erotylidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 51(3): 276. JSTOR 4009421
  9. ↑ Han, M.L.; Cui, B.K. (2014). "Morphology and molecular phylogeny for two new species of Fomitopsis (Basidiomycota) from South China". Mycological Progress. 13 (3): 905–914. doi:10.1007/s11557-014-0976-0. S2CID 7516401.
  10. ↑ Aime, L.; Ryvarden, L.; Henkel, T.W. (2007). "Studies in Neotropical polypores 22. Additional new and rare species from Guyana". Synopsis Fungorum. 23: 15–31.
  11. ↑ Rajchenberg, M. (1995). "New polypores from the Nothofagus forests of Argentina". Mycotaxon. 54: 427–453.
  12. 1 2 John-Erich Haight, Karen K. Nakasone, Gary A. Laursen, Scott A. Redhead, D. Lee Taylor, and Jessie A. Glaesera (2019). Fomitopsis mounceae and F. schrenkii—two new species from North America in the F. pinicola complex." MYCOLOGIA 111(2): 339–357
  13. ↑ Zhou, L.W.; Wei, Y.L. (2012). "Changbai wood-rotting fungi 16. A new species of Fomitopsis (Fomitopsidaceae)". Mycological Progress. 11 (2): 435–441. doi:10.1007/s11557-011-0758-x. S2CID 18498331.
  14. ↑ Stokland, J.; Ryvarden, L. (2008). "Fomitopsis ochracea species nova". Synopsis Fungorum. 25: 44–47.
  15. ↑ Zhao, Ji-Ding; Zhang, Xiao-Qing (1991). "中国拟层孔菌属二新种" [Two new species of genus Fomitopsis Karsten in China]. Acta Mycologica Sinica (in Chinese). 10: 113–116.
  16. ↑ Han, Mei-Ling; Cui, Bao-Kai (2015). "Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species and a new Chinese record of Fomitopsis (Polyporales)". Phytotaxa. 56: 168–176.
  17. ↑ Li, H.J.; Cui, B.K. (2013). "Fomitopsis subtropics (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), a new species from South China". Mycological Progress. 12: 709–718. doi:10.1007/s11557-012-0882-2. S2CID 9698835.
  18. ↑ Masuka, A.; Ryvarden, L. (1993). "Two new polypores from Malawi". Mycologia Helvetica. 5 (2): 143–148.