List of governors of Michigan

Governor of Michigan
Seal of the governor
Flag of the governor
since January 1, 2019
StyleHer Excellency
Status
ResidenceMichigan Governor's Mansion
Term length
  • Four years, renewable once
PrecursorGovernor of Michigan Territory
Inaugural holderStevens T. Mason
FormationNovember 3, 1835
SuccessionLine of succession
DeputyLieutenant Governor of Michigan
Salary$159,300 (2019)
Websitewww.michigan.gov/gov

The governor of Michigan is the head of government of the U.S. state of Michigan. In 1805, the Michigan Territory was created, and five men served as territorial governors, until Michigan was granted statehood in 1837. Forty-seven individuals have held the position of state governor. The first female governor, Jennifer Granholm, served from 2003 to 2011. The longest-serving governor in Michigan's history was William Milliken, who was promoted from lieutenant governor after Governor George W. Romney resigned to become Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, then was elected to three further successive terms. The only governors to serve non-consecutive terms were John S. Barry and Frank Fitzgerald.

List of governors

Territory of Michigan

Michigan Territory was organized on June 30, 1805, from the north half of Indiana Territory. It had three governors appointed by the president of the United States, including the longest-serving governor of any territory, Lewis Cass, who served for 18 years. During the War of 1812, following the Siege of Detroit and British occupation of Michigan Territory, Colonel Henry Procter was appointed as civil governor.

Governors of the Territory of Michigan
No. Governor Term in office Appointed by
1 William Hull
(1753–1825)
 March 1, 1805
–
October 29, 1813
(3165 days; replaced)		 Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
2 Lewis Cass
(1782–1866)
 October 29, 1813
–
August 1, 1831
(6486 days; resigned)		 James Madison
James Monroe
John Quincy Adams
3 George Bryan Porter
(1791–1834)
 August 6, 1831
–
July 6, 1834
(1066 days; died in office)		 Andrew Jackson
— Stevens T. Mason
(1811–1843)
 July 6, 1834
–
September 21, 1835
(443 days; replaced)		 Territorial
secretary
acting
— John S. Horner
(1802–1883)		 September 21, 1835
–
July 3, 1836
(287 days; resigned)		 Territorial
secretary
acting

State of Michigan

Michigan was admitted to the Union on January 26, 1837. Under the original constitution of Michigan, governors held the office for a two-year term,, until the 1963 Michigan Constitution changed the term to four years. There was no term limit until a 1992 constitutional amendment imposed a lifetime limit of two terms.

Should the office of governor become vacant, the lieutenant governor becomes governor, followed in order of succession by the secretary of state and the attorney general. Prior to the current constitution, the duties of the office would devolve upon the lieutenant governor, without that person actually becoming governor. Since 1850, the term begins at noon on the January 1 following the election; before, it had no set start date, and terms would last until when their successor was inaugurated, which would be at least the first Monday in January following their election. Since 1963, the governor and lieutenant governor have been elected on the same ticket.

Governors of the State of Michigan
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor
1 Stevens T. Mason
(1811–1843)
 November 3, 1835
–
January 7, 1840
(1527 days; retired)		 Democratic 1835 Edward Mundy
1837
2 William Woodbridge
(1780–1861)
 January 7, 1840
–
February 24, 1841
(415 days; resigned)		 Whig 1839 James Wright Gordon
3 James Wright Gordon
(1809–1853)
 February 24, 1841
–
January 3, 1842
(314 days; retired)		 Whig Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Thomas J. Drake
4 John S. Barry
(1802–1870)
 January 3, 1842
–
January 5, 1846
(1464 days; retired)		 Democratic 1841 Origen D. Richardson
1843
5 Alpheus Felch
(1804–1896)
 January 5, 1846
–
March 3, 1847
(423 days; resigned)		 Democratic 1845 William L. Greenly
6 William L. Greenly
(1813–1883)
 March 3, 1847
–
January 3, 1848
(307 days; retired)		 Democratic Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Charles P. Bush
7 Epaphroditus Ransom
(1798–1859)
 January 3, 1848
–
January 7, 1850
(736 days; retired)		 Democratic 1847 William M. Fenton
8 John S. Barry
(1802–1870)
 January 7, 1850
–
January 1, 1852
(725 days; retired)		 Democratic 1849
9 Robert McClelland
(1807–1880)
 January 1, 1852
–
March 7, 1853
(432 days; resigned)		 Democratic 1851 Calvin Britain
1852 Andrew Parsons
10 Andrew Parsons
(1817–1855)
 March 7, 1853
–
January 3, 1855
(668 days; retired)		 Democratic Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 George Griswold
11 Kinsley S. Bingham
(1808–1861)
 January 3, 1855
–
January 5, 1859
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican 1854 George Coe
1856
12 Moses Wisner
(1815–1863)
 January 5, 1859
–
January 2, 1861
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1858 Edmund Burke Fairfield
13 Austin Blair
(1818–1894)
 January 2, 1861
–
January 4, 1865
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican 1860 James M. Birney
(resigned April 3, 1861)
Joseph R. Williams
(died June 15, 1861)
Henry T. Backus
1862 Charles S. May
14 Henry H. Crapo
(1804–1869)
 January 4, 1865
–
January 1, 1869
(1459 days; retired)		 Republican 1864 Ebenezer O. Grosvenor
1866 Dwight May
15 Henry P. Baldwin
(1814–1892)
 January 1, 1869
–
January 1, 1873
(1462 days; retired)		 Republican 1868 Morgan Bates
1870
16 John J. Bagley
(1832–1881)
 January 1, 1873
–
January 3, 1877
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican 1872 Henry H. Holt
1874
17 Charles Croswell
(1825–1886)
 January 3, 1877
–
January 1, 1881
(1460 days; retired)		 Republican 1876 Alonzo Sessions
1878
18 David Jerome
(1829–1896)
 January 1, 1881
–
January 1, 1883
(731 days; lost election)		 Republican 1880 Moreau S. Crosby
19 Josiah Begole
(1815–1896)
 January 1, 1883
–
January 1, 1885
(732 days; lost election)		 Democratic 1882
20 Russell A. Alger
(1836–1907)
 January 1, 1885
–
January 1, 1887
(731 days; retired)		 Republican 1884 Archibald Buttars
21 Cyrus G. Luce
(1824–1905)
 January 1, 1887
–
January 1, 1891
(1462 days; retired)		 Republican 1886 James H. MacDonald
1888 William Ball
22 Edwin B. Winans
(1826–1894)
 January 1, 1891
–
January 1, 1893
(732 days; retired)		 Democratic 1890 John Strong
23 John T. Rich
(1841–1926)
 January 1, 1893
–
January 1, 1897
(1462 days; retired)		 Republican 1892 J. Wight Giddings
1894 Alfred Milnes
(resigned June 1, 1895)
Joseph R. McLaughlin
24 Hazen S. Pingree
(1840–1901)
 January 1, 1897
–
January 1, 1901
(1461 days; retired)		 Republican 1896 Thomas B. Dunstan
1898 Orrin W. Robinson
25 Aaron T. Bliss
(1837–1906)
 January 1, 1901
–
January 2, 1905
(1463 days; retired)		 Republican 1900
1902 Alexander Maitland
26 Fred M. Warner
(1865–1923)
 January 2, 1905
–
January 1, 1911
(2191 days; retired)		 Republican 1904
1906 Patrick H. Kelley
1908
27 Chase Osborn
(1860–1949)
 January 1, 1911
–
January 1, 1913
(732 days; retired)		 Republican 1910 John Q. Ross
28 Woodbridge N. Ferris
(1853–1928)
 January 1, 1913
–
January 1, 1917
(1462 days; retired)		 Democratic 1912
1914 Luren Dickinson
29 Albert Sleeper
(1862–1934)
 January 1, 1917
–
January 1, 1921
(1462 days; retired)		 Republican 1916
1918
30 Alex J. Groesbeck
(1873–1953)
 January 1, 1921
–
January 1, 1927
(2192 days;
lost nomination)		 Republican 1920 Thomas Read
1922
1924 George W. Welsh
31 Fred W. Green
(1871–1936)
 January 1, 1927
–
January 1, 1931
(1462 days; retired)		 Republican 1926 Luren Dickinson
1928
32 Wilber M. Brucker
(1894–1968)
 January 1, 1931
–
January 1, 1933
(732 days; lost election)		 Republican 1930
33 William Comstock
(1877–1949)
 January 1, 1933
–
January 1, 1935
(731 days;
lost nomination)		 Democratic 1932 Allen E. Stebbins
34 Frank Fitzgerald
(1885–1939)
 January 1, 1935
–
January 1, 1937
(732 days; lost election)		 Republican 1934 Thomas Read
35 Frank Murphy
(1890–1949)
 January 1, 1937
–
January 1, 1939
(731 days; lost election)		 Democratic 1936 Leo J. Nowicki
36 Frank Fitzgerald
(1885–1939)
 January 1, 1939
–
March 16, 1939
(75 days; died in office)		 Republican 1938 Luren Dickinson
37 Luren Dickinson
(1859–1943)
 March 16, 1939
–
January 1, 1941
(658 days; lost election)		 Republican Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Matilda Dodge Wilson
38 Murray Van Wagoner
(1898–1986)
 January 1, 1941
–
January 1, 1943
(731 days; lost election)		 Democratic 1940 Frank Murphy
39 Harry Kelly
(1895–1971)
 January 1, 1943
–
January 1, 1947
(1462 days; retired)		 Republican 1942 Eugene C. Keyes
1944 Vernon J. Brown
40 Kim Sigler
(1894–1953)
 January 1, 1947
–
January 1, 1949
(732 days; lost election)		 Republican 1946 Eugene C. Keyes
41 G. Mennen Williams
(1911–1988)
 January 1, 1949
–
January 1, 1961
(4384 days; retired)		 Democratic 1948 John W. Connolly
1950 William C. Vandenberg
1952 Clarence A. Reid
1954 Philip Hart
1956
1958 John Swainson
42 John Swainson
(1925–1994)
 January 1, 1961
–
January 1, 1963
(731 days; lost election)		 Democratic 1960 T. John Lesinski
43 George W. Romney
(1907–1995)
 January 1, 1963
–
January 22, 1969
(2214 days; resigned)		 Republican 1962
1964 William Milliken
1966
44 William Milliken
(1922–2019)
 January 22, 1969
–
January 1, 1983
(5093 days; retired)		 Republican Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Thomas F. Schweigert
1970 James H. Brickley
1974 James Damman
1978 James H. Brickley
45 James J. Blanchard
(b. 1942)
 January 1, 1983
–
January 1, 1991
(2923 days; lost election)		 Democratic 1982 Martha Griffiths
1986
46 John Engler
(b. 1948)
 January 1, 1991
–
January 1, 2003
(4384 days; term-limited)		 Republican 1990 Connie Binsfeld
1994
1998 Dick Posthumus
47 Jennifer Granholm
(b. 1959)
 January 1, 2003
–
January 1, 2011
(2923 days; term-limited)		 Democratic 2002 John D. Cherry
2006
48 Rick Snyder
(b. 1958)
 January 1, 2011
–
January 1, 2019
(2923 days; term-limited)		 Republican 2010 Brian Calley
2014
49 Gretchen Whitmer
(b. 1971)
 January 1, 2019
–
Incumbent
(in office 2871 days)		 Democratic 2018 Garlin Gilchrist
2022
50 Jocelyn Benson
(b. 1977)		 Governor-elect
takes office
January 1, 2027		 Democratic 2026 Winnie Brinks

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor's successor was confirmed, unless noted.
  2. ↑ Hull was nominated on February 26, 1805, confirmed by the Senate on March 1, and took office on July 1. He was reconfirmed by the Senate on March 31, 1808, and January 12, 1811.
  3. ↑ Hull was court-martialed for surrendering Detroit to the British during the War of 1812, and sentenced to death; that was later commuted. but other sources say he never resigned.
  4. ↑ Cass was appointed on October 29, 1813, during a Senate recess; nominated on January 31, 1814; and confirmed by the Senate on February 11, 1814. He was reconfirmed by the Senate on January 21, 1817; January 24, 1820; December 20, 1822; December 22, 1825; and December 24, 1828.
  5. ↑ Cass resigned, having been appointed United States Secretary of War. He submitted his resignation on July 21, 1831, to take effect on August 1.
  6. ↑ Porter was appointed on August 6, 1831, during a Senate recess; nominated on December 7, 1831; and confirmed by the Senate on February 8, 1832. He took office on September 17, 1831.
  7. ↑ Henry D. Gilpin was appointed on November 5, 1834, during a Senate recess, but he returned his commission on November 8, without declining it, saying he could not leave his present duties for several weeks. He was nominated on December 10, 1834, but was rejected by the Senate on January 20, 1835. Charles Shaler was then appointed on August 29, 1835, but declined the post. His replacement was finally appointed on September 21, 1835. Mason would win the election to be the first state governor on October 5.
  8. ↑ In October 1835, Michigan authorized a state constitution and elected Stevens T. Mason as governor of the new state, although Michigan was not admitted until 1837. Horner was mostly ignored by the people of Michigan, and resigned to be Secretary of Wisconsin Territory in July 1836; the date given is the organization of Wisconsin Territory.
  9. ↑ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  10. ↑ Woodbridge resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate. His resignation, dated February 23, was accepted by the Senate on February 24.
  11. ↑ Sobel writes that Barry was term-limited under the terms of the 1835 constitution, but no such limit existed.
  12. ↑ Felch resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.
  13. ↑ McClelland resigned, having been confirmed as United States Secretary of the Interior.
  14. ↑ The 1850 constitution adjusted the election schedules, shortening this term to one year.
  15. ↑ Sources are split on when McClelland resigned and Parsons took office, with Sobel saying both occurred on March 7, and the Michigan Legislative Manual saying McClelland resigned on March 6, and Parsons took office March 7.
  16. ↑ Parsons was instead elected to the Michigan House of Representatives.
  17. ↑ Sources are consistent that Bingham took office on January 3; however, the constitutional start date was January 1, and one contemporary source does note that he would have been inaugurated on January 1, and delivered his inaugural address on January 3. However, as this is the only source yet found saying so, this article uses January 3.
  18. ↑ Bingham was instead elected to the United States Senate.
  19. ↑ Sources are split on if Wisner took office on January 3, or January 5 despite the constitutional start date being January 1.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 Represented the Republican Party
  21. ↑ Sobel and Kallenbach say Begole was nominated by both the Democratic and Greenback parties; Glashan labels him as "National (or Greenback Labor)" and lists him separate from the Democratic Party.
  22. ↑ The constitutional start date of the gubernatorial term was January 1; Osborn was not sworn in until January 2, presumably because January 1 was a Sunday.
  23. ↑ The constitutional start date of the gubernatorial term was January 1; Comstock was not sworn in until January 2, presumably because January 1 was a Sunday.
  24. ↑ Comstock lost the Democratic nomination to Arthur J. Lacy.
  25. ↑ January 1 was on a Sunday; Fitzgerald took the oath of office early so he could properly take office on January 1, while his formal inauguration was the next day.
  26. ↑ Represented the Democratic Party
  27. ↑ Romney resigned, having been confirmed as United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
  28. 1 2 3 Under a 1992 amendment to the constitution, no one can be elected more than twice to the office.
  29. ↑ Whitmer's second term began on January 1, 2023, and will expire on January 1, 2027; she is term-limited.

References

  1. ↑ 2 Stat. 309
  2. ↑ Hitsman, J. Mackay; Graves, Donald E. (1999). The Incredible War of 1812. Robin Brass Studio. pp. 85–88. ISBN 978-1896941134 – via Internet Archive.
  3. ↑ Marsh, James H. (March 4, 2015). "Capture of Detroit, War of 1812". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on March 23, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  4. ↑ McMullin 1984, pp. 187–189.
  5. 1 2 United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 8th Cong., 2nd sess. p. 484 – via HathiTrust.
  6. ↑ McMullin 1984, p. 187.
  7. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 10th Cong., 1st sess. p. 78 – via HathiTrust.
  8. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 11th Cong., 3rd sess. p. 162 – via HathiTrust.
  9. ↑ McMullin 1984, p. 188.
  10. ↑ Jenks, William L. (1923). "William Hull — First Territorial Governor of Michigan". Year Book of the Michigan Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, 1919–1923: 50 – via Internet Archive.
  11. ↑ McMullin 1984, pp. 189–191.
  12. ↑ McMullin 1984, p. 189.
  13. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 13th Cong., 2nd sess. p. 464 – via HathiTrust.
  14. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 13th Cong., 2nd sess. p. 472 – via HathiTrust.
  15. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 14th Cong., 2nd sess. p. 72 – via HathiTrust.
  16. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 16th Cong., 1st sess. p. 196 – via HathiTrust.
  17. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 17th Cong., 2nd sess. p. 314 – via HathiTrust.
  18. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 19th Cong., 1st sess. p. 457 – via HathiTrust.
  19. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 20th Cong., 2nd sess. p. 624 – via HathiTrust.
  20. ↑ McMullin 1984, p. 190.
  21. ↑ Carter, Clarence Edwin (1945). The Territorial Papers of the United States. Vol. XII: The Territory of Michigan 1829-1837, continued. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 310–311.
  22. ↑ McMullin 1984, pp. 192–193.
  23. 1 2 McMullin 1984, p. 192.
  24. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 22nd Cong., 1st sess. p. 178 – via HathiTrust.
  25. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 22nd Cong., 1st sess. p. 209 – via HathiTrust.
  26. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 741–742.
  27. 1 2 "Stevens Thomson Mason". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 15, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  28. ↑ Carter, Clarence Edwin (1945). The Territorial Papers of the United States. Vol. XII: The Territory of Michigan 1829-1837, continued. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 814.
  29. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 23rd Cong., 2nd sess. p. 447 – via HathiTrust.
  30. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 23rd Cong., 2nd sess. p. 463 – via HathiTrust.
  31. ↑ Dunbar, Willis F. & May, George S. (1995). Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State (Third Revised ed.). William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 187. ISBN 9780802870551.
  32. ↑ Carter, Clarence Edwin (1945). The Territorial Papers of the United States. Vol. XII: The Territory of Michigan 1829-1837, continued. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 979.
  33. ↑ Dunbar, Willis F. & May, George S. (1995). Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State (Third Revised ed.). William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 208–211. ISBN 9780802870551.
  34. ↑ Thorpe 1909, p. 1935, 1835 art. V, § 1.
  35. 1 2 Mich. Const., 1963 art. V, 21.
  36. 1 2 Mich. Const., 1992 art. V, § 30.
  37. ↑ Mich. Const., 1963 art. V, § 26.
  38. ↑ Thorpe 1909, p. 1936, 1835 art. V, § 12.
  39. ↑ Thorpe 1909, p. 1957, 1850 art. VIII, § 2.
  40. ↑ Thorpe 1909, p. 1940, 1835 art. XII, § 10.
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Michigan Legislative Manual and Official Directory. 1895. p. 146 – via Google Books.
  42. ↑ Dubin 2003, p. 120.
  43. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 742.
  44. ↑ "William Woodbridge". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on October 21, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  45. ↑ Michigan Legislature. Journal of the Michigan House of Representatives, 1840 sess. p. 9 – via Google Books.
  46. ↑ Michigan Legislature. Journal of the Michigan Senate, 1841 sess. p. 208 – via Google Books.
  47. 1 2 Dubin 2003, p. 121.
  48. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 742–743.
  49. ↑ "James Wright Gordon". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 17, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Kallenbach 1977, p. 298.
  51. 1 2 3 Sobel 1978, p. 743.
  52. 1 2 "John Stewart Barry". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 18, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  53. ↑ Michigan Legislature. Journal of the Michigan Senate, 1842 sess. p. 7 – via Google Books.
  54. 1 2 3 Sobel 1978, p. 744.
  55. ↑ "Alpheus Felch". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 17, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  56. ↑ Michigan Legislature. Journal of the Michigan Senate, 1846 sess. p. 4 – via Google Books.
  57. 1 2 3 Dubin 2003, p. 122.
  58. ↑ "William L. Greenly". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 7, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  59. ↑ "Resignation of Gov. Felch". Democratic Free Press. March 4, 1847. p. 2. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  60. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 745.
  61. ↑ "Epaphroditus Ransom". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 10, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  62. ↑ Michigan Legislature. Journal of the Michigan House of Representatives, 1848 sess. p. 7 – via Google Books.
  63. ↑ Michigan Legislature. Journal of the Michigan House of Representatives, 1850 sess. p. 4 – via Google Books.
  64. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 745–746.
  65. ↑ "Robert McClelland". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 22, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  66. ↑ "Gov. McClelland". Detroit Daily Free Press. January 1, 1852. p. 2. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  67. 1 2 3 4 5 Sobel 1978, p. 746.
  68. ↑ Dubin 2003, pp. 122–123.
  69. ↑ "Andrew Parsons". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 22, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  70. 1 2 3 4 Sobel 1978, p. 747.
  71. ↑ "Kinsley Scott Bingham". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on October 12, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  72. ↑ "From Lansing". Detroit Daily Free Pres. January 3, 1855. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  73. 1 2 Dubin 2003, p. 124.
  74. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 747–748.
  75. ↑ "Moses Wisner". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  76. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 748.
  77. ↑ "Austin Blair". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 15, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  78. ↑ Dubin 2003, p. 125.
  79. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 748–749.
  80. ↑ "Henry Howland Crapo". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 13, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  81. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 749–750.
  82. ↑ "Henry P. Baldwin". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 10, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  83. ↑ "The Oath of Office Administered to Gov. Baldwin". Detroit Free Press. January 4, 1869. p. 4. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  84. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 750–751.
  85. ↑ "John J. Bagley". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 14, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  86. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 751.
  87. ↑ "Charles Miller Croswell". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 13, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  88. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 751–752.
  89. ↑ "David Howell Jerome". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 17, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  90. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 752–753.
  91. ↑ "Josiah Williams Begole". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 13, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  92. ↑ "Arrival of Gov. Begole at Lansing". Detroit Free Press. January 2, 1883. p. 7. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  93. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 752.
  94. ↑ Kallenbach 1977, p. 302.
  95. ↑ Glashan 1979, p. 153.
  96. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 753.
  97. ↑ "Russell Alexander Alger". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 6, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  98. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 753–754.
  99. ↑ "Cyrus Gray Luce". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 13, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  100. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 754.
  101. ↑ "Edwin Baruch Winans". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 12, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  102. ↑ "Michigan's New Executive". St. Joseph Saturday Herald. January 3, 1891. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  103. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 755.
  104. ↑ "John Tyler Rich". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  105. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 755–756.
  106. ↑ "Hazen Stuart Pingree". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 14, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  107. ↑ "Takes His Seat". The Daily Palladium. January 2, 1897. p. 4. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  108. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 756.
  109. ↑ "Aaron Thomas Bliss". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on February 17, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  110. ↑ "It Is Now Governor Bliss". Detroit Free Press. January 2, 1901. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  111. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 757.
  112. ↑ "Fred Maltby Warner". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 10, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  113. ↑ Municipal Manual of the City of Detroit. City of Detroit. 1914. p. 98 – via Google Books.
  114. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Kallenbach 1977, p. 299.
  115. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 757–758.
  116. ↑ "Chase Salmon Osborn". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  117. ↑ "Osborn in; Names Aides". Detroit Free Press. January 3, 1911. p. 3. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  118. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 758–759.
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  120. ↑ "Is First Democrat To Take Governor's Oath in the Last 22 Years". Port Huron Times Herald. January 1, 1913. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
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  123. ↑ "Governor Sleeper to Take Office Today As Cannon Boom Salute". Detroit Times. United Press. January 1, 1917. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
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  135. ↑ "William Alfred Comstock". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 15, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  136. ↑ Morris, Frank G. (January 3, 1933). "Harmony Pledges Are Made As State Government Goes Into Hands of Democrats". Detroit Free Press. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  137. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 762–763.
  138. 1 2 "Frank Dwight Fitzgerald". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 16, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
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  143. ↑ "Fitzgerald Hails Choice of Murphy". Detroit Free Press. Associated Press. January 2, 1939. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  144. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 764.
  145. ↑ "Luren Dudley Dickinson". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 13, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  146. ↑ "Weakened Heart Fails After Influenza Attack". Detroit Free Press. March 17, 1939. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  147. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 764–765.
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  149. ↑ George, Hub M. (January 2, 1941). "Unified State Rule Pledged as Van Wagoner Takes Office and Both Sides Bury Hatchet". Detroit Free Press. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
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  151. ↑ "Harris Francis Kelly". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on September 22, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  152. ↑ Haswell, James M. (January 2, 1943). "Kelly Dedicates State to Achieving Victory". Detroit Free Press. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  153. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 766.
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  155. ↑ George, Hub (January 2, 1947). "Takes Oath as Governor of Michigan". Detroit Free Press. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
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  158. ↑ George, Hub M. (January 2, 1949). "Gov. Williams Takes Oath". Detroit Free Press. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
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  164. ↑ Baird, Willard (January 2, 1963). "Romney Urges New Confidence in State". The State Journal. p. A1. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
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  171. ↑ Mullaney 1994, pp. 193–195.
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  173. ↑ Andrews, Chris (January 2, 1991). "Engler Vows New Spirit of Enterprise". Lansing State Journal. p. 1A. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  174. 1 2 "Jennifer M. Granholm". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 18, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  175. ↑ Andrews, Chris; Range, Stacey (January 2, 2003). "First Female Governor Takes Office". Lansing State Journal. p. 1A. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  176. 1 2 "Rick Snyder". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on February 16, 2026. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
  177. ↑ Stanton, Ryan J. (January 1, 2011). "Ann Arbor's Rick Snyder Sworn In As Michigan's 48th Governor at Inauguration Ceremony". The Ann Arbor News. Archived from the original on November 27, 2025. Retrieved October 30, 2026.
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