List of governors of Minnesota

The governor of Minnesota is the head of government of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Minnesota's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws.

There have been 41 governors of the state; one, Rudy Perpich, served non-consecutive terms. Minnesota Territory had three governors appointed by the president of the United States; the first, Alexander Ramsey, would later be state governor.

A total of five political parties have had governors as members. The Minnesota Democratic Party, the Republican Party of Minnesota, the Minnesota Farmer-Labor Party, the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party, and the Independence Party of Minnesota. There have been twenty-six Republicans, six DFLers, four Democrats, three Farmer-Laborites, and one Independence Party member. One Democrat, John Lind, was elected on a fusion ticket with the Populist Party.

The current governor is Tim Walz, a member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party, who took office on January 7, 2019.

List of governors

Minnesota Territory

Minnesota Territory was organized on March 3, 1849. The secretary of the territory would act as governor in the governor's absence; notably, secretary Charles L. Chase acted as governor from October 13, 1857 until the elected state officials took office on May 24, 1858.

Governors of the Territory of Minnesota
No. Governor Term in office Appointed by
1 Alexander Ramsey
(1815–1903)
 June 1, 1849
–
April 1, 1853
(1401 days; replaced)		 Zachary Taylor
2 Willis A. Gorman
(1816–1876)
 April 1, 1853
–
March 13, 1857
(1443 days; replaced)		 Franklin Pierce
3 Samuel Medary
(1801–1864)
 March 13, 1857
–
May 24, 1858
(438 days; statehood)		 James Buchanan

State of Minnesota

Minnesota was admitted to the Union on May 11, 1858.

The Minnesota Constitution of 1858 created the offices of governor and lieutenant governor, elected separately to two-year terms; these were lengthened to four years starting in 1963. As of 1974, the governor and lieutenant governor are elected on the same ticket.

Governors of the State of Minnesota
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor
1   Henry Hastings Sibley
(1811–1891)
 May 24, 1858
–
January 2, 1860
(589 days; retired)		 Democratic 1857   William Holcombe
2 Alexander Ramsey
(1815–1903)
 January 2, 1860
–
July 10, 1863
(1286 days; resigned)		 Republican 1859 Ignatius L. Donnelly
(resigned March 3, 1863)
1861
Henry Adoniram Swift
3 Henry Adoniram Swift
(1823–1869)
 July 10, 1863
–
January 13, 1864
(188 days; retired)		 Republican Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
4 Stephen Miller
(1816–1881)
 January 13, 1864
–
January 8, 1866
(727 days; retired)		 Republican 1863 Charles D. Sherwood
5 William Rainey Marshall
(1825–1896)
 January 8, 1866
–
January 7, 1870
(1461 days; retired)		 Republican 1865 Thomas H. Armstrong
1867
6 Horace Austin
(1831–1905)
 January 7, 1870
–
January 9, 1874
(1464 days;
lost nomination)		 Republican 1869 William H. Yale
1871
7 Cushman K. Davis
(1838–1900)
 January 9, 1874
–
January 7, 1876
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1873 Alphonso Barto
8 John S. Pillsbury
(1827–1901)
 January 7, 1876
–
January 9, 1882
(2195 days; retired)		 Republican 1875 James Wakefield
1877
1879 Charles A. Gilman
9 Lucius Frederick Hubbard
(1836–1913)
 January 9, 1882
–
January 5, 1887
(1823 days; retired)		 Republican 1881
1883
10 Andrew Ryan McGill
(1840–1905)
 January 5, 1887
–
January 9, 1889
(736 days;
lost nomination)		 Republican 1886 Albert E. Rice
11 William Rush Merriam
(1849–1931)
 January 9, 1889
–
January 4, 1893
(1457 days; retired)		 Republican 1888
1890 Gideon S. Ives
12 Knute Nelson
(1843–1923)
 January 4, 1893
–
January 31, 1895
(758 days; resigned)		 Republican 1892 David Marston Clough
1894
13 David Marston Clough
(1846–1924)
 January 31, 1895
–
January 2, 1899
(1433 days; retired)		 Republican Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
1896 John L. Gibbs
14 John Lind
(1854–1930)
 January 2, 1899
–
January 7, 1901
(736 days; lost election)		 Democratic 1898 Lyndon A. Smith
15 Samuel Rinnah Van Sant
(1844–1936)
 January 7, 1901
–
January 4, 1905
(1459 days; retired)		 Republican 1900
1902 Ray W. Jones
16 John Albert Johnson
(1861–1909)
 January 4, 1905
–
September 21, 1909
(1722 days; died in office)		 Democratic 1904
1906 Adolph Olson Eberhart
1908
17 Adolph Olson Eberhart
(1870–1944)
 September 21, 1909
–
January 6, 1915
(1934 days;
lost nomination)		 Republican Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
1910 Samuel Y. Gordon
1912 Joseph A. A. Burnquist
18 Winfield Scott Hammond
(1863–1915)
 January 6, 1915
–
December 30, 1915
(359 days; died in office)		 Democratic 1914
19 Joseph A. A. Burnquist
(1879–1961)
 December 30, 1915
–
January 5, 1921
(1834 days; retired)		 Republican Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
1916 Thomas Frankson
1918
20 J. A. O. Preus
(1883–1961)
 January 5, 1921
–
January 7, 1925
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican 1920 Louis L. Collins
1922
21 Theodore Christianson
(1883–1948)
 January 7, 1925
–
January 7, 1931
(2192 days; retired)		 Republican 1924 William I. Nolan
1926
1928 Charles Edward Adams
22 Floyd B. Olson
(1891–1936)
 January 7, 1931
–
August 22, 1936
(2055 days; died in office)		 Farmer-Labor 1930 Henry M. Arens
1932 Konrad K. Solberg
1934 Hjalmar Petersen
23 Hjalmar Petersen
(1890–1968)
 August 22, 1936
–
January 4, 1937
(136 days; retired)		 Farmer-Labor Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
24 Elmer A. Benson
(1895–1985)
 January 4, 1937
–
January 3, 1939
(731 days; lost election)		 Farmer-Labor 1936 Gottfrid Lindsten
25 Harold Stassen
(1907–2001)
 January 3, 1939
–
April 27, 1943
(1605 days; resigned)		 Republican 1938 C. Elmer Anderson
1940
1942 Edward John Thye
26 Edward J. Thye
(1896–1969)
 April 27, 1943
–
January 8, 1947
(1323 days; retired)		 Republican Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
1944 C. Elmer Anderson
27 Luther Youngdahl
(1896–1978)
 January 8, 1947
–
September 27, 1951
(1724 days; resigned)		 Republican 1946
1948
1950
28 C. Elmer Anderson
(1912–1998)
 September 27, 1951
–
January 5, 1955
(1197 days; lost election)		 Republican Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
1952 Ancher Nelsen
Donald O. Wright
29 Orville Freeman
(1918–2003)
 January 5, 1955
–
January 4, 1961
(2192 days; lost election)		 Democratic-
Farmer-Labor		 1954 Karl Rolvaag
1956
1958
30 Elmer L. Andersen
(1909–2004)
 January 4, 1961
–
March 25, 1963
(811 days; lost election)		 Republican 1960
31 Karl Rolvaag
(1913–1990)
 March 25, 1963
–
January 2, 1967
(1380 days; lost election)		 Democratic-
Farmer-Labor		 1962 Sandy Keith
32 Harold LeVander
(1910–1992)
 January 2, 1967
–
January 4, 1971
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican 1966 James B. Goetz
33 Wendell R. Anderson
(1933–2016)
 January 4, 1971
–
December 29, 1976
(2187 days; resigned)		 Democratic-
Farmer-Labor		 1970 Rudy Perpich
1974
34 Rudy Perpich
(1928–1995)
 December 29, 1976
–
January 1, 1979
(734 days; lost election)		 Democratic-
Farmer-Labor		 Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Alec G. Olson
35 Al Quie
(1923–2023)
 January 1, 1979
–
January 3, 1983
(1464 days; retired)		 Independent-
Republican		 1978 Lou Wangberg
36 Rudy Perpich
(1928–1995)
 January 3, 1983
–
January 7, 1991
(2927 days; lost election)		 Democratic-
Farmer-Labor		 1982 Marlene Johnson
1986
37 Arne Carlson
(b. 1934)
 January 7, 1991
–
January 4, 1999
(2920 days; retired)		 Independent-
Republican		 1990 Joanell Dyrstad
1994 Joanne Benson
38 Jesse Ventura
(b. 1951)
 January 4, 1999
–
January 6, 2003
(1464 days; retired)		 Reform/
Independence		 1998 Mae Schunk
39 Tim Pawlenty
(b. 1960)
 January 6, 2003
–
January 3, 2011
(2920 days; retired)		 Republican 2002 Carol Molnau
2006
40 Mark Dayton
(b. 1947)
 January 3, 2011
–
January 7, 2019
(2927 days; retired)		 Democratic-
Farmer-Labor		 2010 Yvonne Prettner Solon
2014 Tina Smith
(resigned January 2, 2018)
Vacant
Michelle Fischbach
(took office May 25, 2018)
41 Tim Walz
(b. 1964)
 January 7, 2019
–
Incumbent
(in office 2846 days)		 Democratic-
Farmer-Labor		 2018 Peggy Flanagan
2022

Elections

Gubernatorial elections of the State of Minnesota
Election date Incumbent Winner Runner-up Term start date Term Definitions
Length Limit Beginning
October 13
1857
 new office Henry Hastings Sibley
Dem., 50.3%		 Alexander Ramsey
Rep., 49.7%		 May 24, 1858 1857 constitution
Two years None None
November 9
1859
 Henry Hastings Sibley
Dem., retiring		 Alexander Ramsey
Rep., 54.8%		 George Loomis Becker
Dem., 45.2%		 January 2, 1860
October 8
1861
 Alexander Ramsey
Rep., running		 Alexander Ramsey
Rep., 60.9%		 Edward O. Hamlin
Dem., 39.1%		 January 9, 1862
November 3
1863
 Henry Adoniram Swift
Rep., retiring		 Stephen Miller
Rep., 60.6%		 Henry T. Welles
Dem., 39.4%		 January 13, 1864
November 7
1865
 Stephen Miller
Rep., retiring		 William Rainey Marshall
Rep., 55.6%		 Henry M. Rice
Dem., 44.4%		 January 8, 1866
November 5
1867
 William Rainey Marshall
Rep., running		 William Rainey Marshall
Rep., 54.2%		 Charles Eugene Flandrau
Dem., 45.8%		 January 10, 1868
November 2
1869
 William Rainey Marshall
Rep., retiring		 Horace Austin
Rep., 50.4%		 George L. Otis
Dem., 46.4%		 January 7, 1870
November 7
1871
 Horace Austin
Rep., running		 Horace Austin
Rep., 59.9%		 Winthrop Young
Dem., 40.1%		 January 4, 1872
November 4
1873
 Horace Austin
Rep., lost nomination		 Cushman K. Davis
Rep., 53.6%		 Ara Barton
Dem., 46.4%		 January 9, 1874
November 2
1875
 Cushman K. Davis
Rep., retiring		 John S. Pillsbury
Rep., 57.2%		 David L. Buell
Dem., 42.8%		 January 7, 1876
November 6
1877
 John S. Pillsbury
Rep., running		 John S. Pillsbury
Rep., 59.3%		 William L. Banning
Dem., 40.7%		 January 11, 1878
November 4
1879
 John S. Pillsbury
Rep., running		 John S. Pillsbury
Rep., 54.0%		 Edmund Rice
Dem., 39.3%		 January 10, 1880
November 8
1881
 John S. Pillsbury
Rep., retiring		 Lucius Frederick Hubbard
Rep., 63.6%		 Richard W. Johnson
Dem., 36.4%		 January 9, 1882
November 6
1883
 Lucius Frederick Hubbard
Rep., running		 Lucius Frederick Hubbard
Rep., 55.4%		 Adolph Biermann
Dem., 44.6%		 January 7, 1884
November 2
1886
 Lucius Frederick Hubbard
Rep., retiring		 Andrew Ryan McGill
Rep., 48.5%		 A. A. Ames
Dem., 47.4%		 January 5, 1887
November 6
1888
 Andrew Ryan McGill
Rep., lost nomination		 William Rush Merriam
Rep., 51.3%		 Eugene M. Wilson
Dem., 42.1%		 January 9, 1889
November 4
1890
 William Rush Merriam
Rep., running		 William Rush Merriam
Rep., 36.6%		 Thomas Wilson
Dem., 35.7%		 January 5, 1891
November 8
1892
 William Rush Merriam
Rep., retiring		 Knute Nelson
Rep., 42.7%		 Daniel W. Lawler
Dem., 37.0%		 January 4, 1893
November 6
1894
 Knute Nelson
Rep., running		 Knute Nelson
Rep., 49.9%		 Sidney M. Owen
Pop., 29.7%		 January 9, 1895
November 3
1896
 David Marston Clough
Rep., running		 David Marston Clough
Rep., 49.2%		 John Lind
Dem., 48.1%		 January 6, 1897
November 8
1898
 David Marston Clough
Rep., retiring		 John Lind
Dem., 52.3%		 William Henry Eustis
Rep., 44.3%		 January 2, 1899
November 6
1900
 John Lind
Dem., running		 Samuel Rinnah Van Sant
Rep., 48.7%		 John Lind
Dem., 48.0%		 January 7, 1901
November 4
1902
 Samuel Rinnah Van Sant
Rep., running		 Samuel Rinnah Van Sant
Rep., 57.5%		 Leonard A. Rosing
Dem., 36.7%		 January 7, 1903
November 8
1904
 Samuel Rinnah Van Sant
Rep., retiring		 John Albert Johnson
Dem., 48.7%		 Robert C. Dunn
Rep., 46.1%		 January 4, 1905
November 6
1906
 John Albert Johnson
Dem., running		 John Albert Johnson
Dem., 60.9%		 Albert L. Cole
Rep., 34.8%		 January 9, 1907
November 3
1908
 John Albert Johnson
Dem., running		 John Albert Johnson
Dem., 52.2%		 Jacob F. Jacobson
Rep., 43.8%		 January 6, 1909
November 8
1910
 Adolph Olson Eberhart
Rep., running		 Adolph Olson Eberhart
Rep., 55.7%		 James Gray
Dem., 35.2%		 January 4, 1911
November 5
1912
 Adolph Olson Eberhart
Rep., running		 Adolph Olson Eberhart
Rep., 40.7%		 Peter M. Ringdal
Dem., 31.3%		 January 8, 1913
November 3
1914
 Adolph Olson Eberhart
Rep., lost nomination		 Winfield Scott Hammond
Dem., 46.0%		 William E. Lee
Rep., 42.3%		 January 6, 1915
November 7
1916
 Joseph A. A. Burnquist
Rep., running		 Joseph A. A. Burnquist
Rep., 62.9%		 Thomas P. Dwyer
Dem., 23.8%		 January 3, 1917
November 5
1918
 Joseph A. A. Burnquist
Rep., running		 Joseph A. A. Burnquist
Rep., 45.0%		 David Evans
Farmer–Labor, 30.3%		 January 8, 1919
November 2
1920
 Joseph A. A. Burnquist
Rep., retiring		 J. A. O. Preus
Rep., 53.1%		 Henrik Shipstead
Ind., 35.9%		 January 5, 1921
November 7
1922
 J. A. O. Preus
Rep., running		 J. A. O. Preus
Rep., 45.2%		 Magnus Johnson
Farmer–Labor, 43.1%		 January 3, 1923
November 4
1924
 J. A. O. Preus
Rep., retiring		 Theodore Christianson
Rep., 48.7%		 Floyd B. Olson
Farmer–Labor, 43.8%		 January 7, 1925
November 2
1926
 Theodore Christianson
Rep., running		 Theodore Christianson
Rep., 56.5%		 Magnus Johnson
Farmer–Labor, 38.1%		 January 5, 1927
November 6
1928
 Theodore Christianson
Rep., running		 Theodore Christianson
Rep., 55.0%		 Ernest Lundeen
Farmer–Labor, 22.7%		 January 9, 1929
November 4
1930
 Theodore Christianson
Rep., retiring		 Floyd B. Olson
Farmer–Labor, 59.3%		 Ray P. Chase
Rep., 36.3%		 January 7, 1931
November 8
1932
 Floyd B. Olson
Farmer–Labor, running		 Floyd B. Olson
Farmer–Labor, 50.6%		 Earle Brown
Rep., 32.3%		 January 4, 1933
November 6
1934
 Floyd B. Olson
Farmer–Labor, running		 Floyd B. Olson
Farmer–Labor, 44.6%		 Martin A. Nelson
Rep., 37.7%		 January 9, 1935
November 3
1936
 Hjalmar Petersen
Farmer–Labor, retiring		 Elmer A. Benson
Farmer–Labor, 60.7%		 Martin A. Nelson
Rep., 38.6%		 January 4, 1937
November 8
1938
 Elmer A. Benson
Farmer–Labor, running		 Harold Stassen
Rep., 59.9%		 Elmer A. Benson
Farmer–Labor, 34.2%		 January 3, 1939
November 5
1940
 Harold Stassen
Rep., running		 Harold Stassen
Rep., 52.1%		 Hjalmar Petersen
Farmer–Labor, 36.5%		 January 8, 1941
November 3
1942
 Harold Stassen
Rep., running		 Harold Stassen
Rep., 51.6%		 Hjalmar Petersen
Farmer–Labor, 37.8%		 January 5, 1943
November 7
1944
 Edward J. Thye
Rep., running		 Edward J. Thye
Rep., 61.1%		 Byron G. Allen
DFL, 38.3%		 January 3, 1945
November 5
1946
 Edward J. Thye
Rep., retiring		 Luther Youngdahl
Rep., 59.0%		 Harold H. Barker
DFL, 39.7%		 January 8, 1947
November 2
1948
 Luther Youngdahl
Rep., running		 Luther Youngdahl
Rep., 53.1%		 Charles Halsted
DFL, 45.1%		 January 6, 1949
November 7
1950
 Luther Youngdahl
Rep., running		 Luther Youngdahl
Rep., 60.7%		 Harry H. Peterson
DFL, 38.3%		 January 3, 1951
November 4
1952
 C. Elmer Anderson
Rep., running		 C. Elmer Anderson
Rep., 55.3%		 Orville Freeman
DFL, 44.0%		 January 7, 1953
November 2
1954
 C. Elmer Anderson
Rep., running		 Orville Freeman
DFL, 52.7%		 C. Elmer Anderson
Rep., 46.8%		 January 5, 1955
November 6
1956
 Orville Freeman
DFL, running		 Orville Freeman
DFL, 51.4%		 Ancher Nelsen
Rep., 48.2%		 January 9, 1957
November 4
1958
 Orville Freeman
DFL, running		 Orville Freeman
DFL, 56.8%		 George MacKinnon
Rep., 42.3%		 January 7, 1959
November 8
1960
 Orville Freeman
DFL, running		 Elmer L. Andersen
Rep., 54.1%		 Orville Freeman
DFL, 45.5%		 January 4, 1961
November 6
1962
 Elmer L. Andersen
Rep., running		 Karl Rolvaag
DFL, 49.7%		 Elmer L. Andersen
Rep., 49.7%		 March 25, 1963 1958 amendment
Four years
November 8
1966
 Karl Rolvaag
DFL, running		 Harold LeVander
Rep., 52.6%		 Karl Rolvaag
DFL, 46.9%		 January 2, 1967
November 3
1970
 Harold LeVander
Rep., retiring		 Wendell R. Anderson
DFL, 54.0%		 Douglas M. Head
Rep., 45.5%		 January 4, 1971
November 5
1974
 Wendell R. Anderson
DFL, running		 Wendell R. Anderson
DFL, 62.8%		 John Warren Johnson
Rep., 29.3%		 January 8, 1975
November 7
1978
 Rudy Perpich
DFL, running		 Al Quie
Indep. Rep., 52.3%		 Rudy Perpich
DFL, 45.3%		 January 1, 1979
November 2
1982
 Al Quie
Indep. Rep., retiring		 Rudy Perpich
DFL, 58.8%		 Wheelock Whitney Jr.
Indep. Rep., 39.9%		 January 3, 1983
November 4
1986
 Rudy Perpich
DFL, running		 Rudy Perpich
DFL, 55.8%		 Cal Ludeman
Indep. Rep., 42.9%		 January 5, 1987
November 6
1990
 Rudy Perpich
DFL, running		 Arne Carlson
Indep. Rep., 49.6%		 Rudy Perpich
DFL, 46.3%		 January 7, 1991
November 8
1994
 Arne Carlson
Indep. Rep., running		 Arne Carlson
Indep. Rep., 62.0%		 John Marty
DFL, 33.4%		 January 3, 1995
November 3
1998
 Arne Carlson
Rep., retiring		 Jesse Ventura
Reform, 37.0%		 Norm Coleman
Rep., 34.3%		 January 4, 1999
November 5
2002
 Jesse Ventura
Reform/Indep., retiring		 Tim Pawlenty
Rep., 44.4%		 Roger Moe
DFL, 36.5%		 January 6, 2003
November 7
2006
 Tim Pawlenty
Rep., running		 Tim Pawlenty
Rep., 46.7%		 Mike Hatch
DFL, 45.7%		 January 2, 2007
November 2
2010
 Tim Pawlenty
Rep., retiring		 Mark Dayton
DFL, 43.6%		 Tom Emmer
Rep., 43.2%		 January 3, 2011
November 4
2014
 Mark Dayton
DFL, running		 Mark Dayton
DFL, 50.1%		 Jeff Johnson
Rep., 44.5%		 January 5, 2015
November 6
2018
 Mark Dayton
DFL, retiring		 Tim Walz
DFL, 53.8%		 Jeff Johnson
Rep., 42.4%		 January 7, 2019
November 8
2022
 Tim Walz
DFL, running		 Tim Walz
DFL, 52.3%		 Scott Jensen
Rep., 44.6%		 January 2, 2023
November 3
2026
 Tim Walz
DFL, retiring		 Upcoming election; results to be determined around January 4, 2027

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor's successor was confirmed, unless noted.
  2. ↑ Edward W. McGaughey was nominated on March 15, 1849, but was rejected by the Senate on March 19. William Pennington was then nominated on March 21, and confirmed by the Senate on March 22, but declined the post. Ramsey was appointed on April 2, during a Senate recess; nominated on December 21, and confirmed by the Senate on January 9, 1850. He arrived in the territory on May 27, 1849.
  3. ↑ Gorman was nominated on March 31, 1853, confirmed by the Senate on April 1, and arrived in the territory on May 13.
  4. ↑ Medary was nominated March 12, 1857, confirmed by the Senate on March 13, and arrived in the territory on April 22.
  5. ↑ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  6. ↑ Ramsey resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.
  7. ↑ Modern sources state Ramsey resigned July 10, 1863, despite his having taken office in the U.S. Senate on March 12, 1863. Contemporary news indicates he resigned at the end of June; it is assumed this is when he submitted his resignation, to take effect July 10.
  8. ↑ Swift was instead reelected to the Minnesota Senate.
  9. ↑ Nearly every source says Miller took office on January 11, but the journal of the House of Representatives says it was January 13.
  10. ↑ Nelson resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.
  11. ↑ Lind was also endorsed by the Populist Party.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Represented the Republican Party.
  13. ↑ Eberhart lost the Republican nomination to William E. Lee.
  14. ↑ Stassen resigned to serve in the United States Naval Reserve.
  15. ↑ Thye was instead elected to the United States Senate.
  16. ↑ Youngdahl resigned, having been confirmed to the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.
  17. ↑ Represented the Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party.
  18. ↑ The 1962 election was very close, and Andersen continued in office until a winner was decided; Rolvaag was declared the victor on March 15, 1963.
  19. ↑ Anderson resigned so that his successor would appoint him to the United States Senate.
  20. ↑ Ventura was elected as representing the Reform Party of Minnesota. The party disaffiliated from its national party and resumed using its previous name, the Independence Party of Minnesota, on March 4, 2000. Ventura had himself disaffiliated from the national party on February 11.
  21. ↑ Walz's second term began on January 2, 2023, and will expire on January 4, 2027; he is not seeking reelection.
  22. ↑ Samuel Medary was the incumbent governor of Minnesota Territory at the time of the election.
  23. ↑ Governors take office within a few days of the beginning of the legislative session, which after 1883 was scheduled for the first Monday in January after the election.
  24. ↑ Swift succeeded Ramsey upon his resignation on July 10, 1863.
  25. ↑ Clough succeeded Nelson upon his resignation on January 31, 1895.
  26. ↑ Eberhart succeeded Johnson upon his death on September 21, 1909.
  27. ↑ Burnquist succeeded Eberhart upon his death on December 30, 1915.
  28. ↑ Petersen succeeded Olson upon his death on August 22, 1936.
  29. ↑ Thye succeeded Stassen upon his resignation on April 27, 1943.
  30. ↑ Anderson succeeded Youngdahl upon his resignation on September 27, 1951.
  31. ↑ The 1962 election was very close, and it took until March 15 for Rolvaag to be declared the victor, being sworn in on March 25.
  32. ↑ Perpich succeeded Anderson upon his resignation on December 29, 1976.

References

  1. ↑ 9 Stat. 403
  2. ↑ McMullin 1984, pp. 200–201.
  3. ↑ Baker, James H. "Lives of the governors of Minnesota" (PDF).
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 McMullin 1984, pp. 195–197.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Sobel 1978, p. 774.
  6. 1 2 "Alexander Ramsey". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  7. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 31st Cong., special sess., 84, accessed March 13, 2023.
  8. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 31st Cong., special sess., 90, accessed March 13, 2023.
  9. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 31st Cong., special sess., 93, accessed March 13, 2023.
  10. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 21st Cong., special sess., 94, accessed March 13, 2023.
  11. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 31st Cong., 1st sess., 98, accessed March 13, 2023.
  12. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 31st Cong., 1st sess., 170, accessed March 13, 2023.
  13. 1 2 McMullin 1984, pp. 197–199.
  14. ↑ "Willis Arnold Gorman". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  15. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 33rd Cong., special sess., 126, accessed March 13, 2023.
  16. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 33rd Cong., special sess., 131, accessed March 13, 2023.
  17. 1 2 McMullin 1984, pp. 199–201.
  18. ↑ "Samuel Medary". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  19. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 35th Cong., special sess., 241, accessed March 13, 2023.
  20. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 35th Cong., special sess., 253, accessed March 13, 2023.
  21. ↑ 11 Stat. 285
  22. ↑ "Constitutional Amendments". Minnesota Legislative Reference Library. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  23. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 773–774.
  24. ↑ "Henry Hastings Sibley". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  25. ↑ "Henry Hastings Sibley". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  26. 1 2 Folwell, William Watts (1924). A History of Minnesota. Minnesota Historical Society. pp. 22–23.
  27. 1 2 Dubin 2003, p. 125.
  28. ↑ "Alexander Ramsey". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  29. 1 2 Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1859–1860 sess. p. 163.
  30. 1 2 Dubin 2003, p. 126.
  31. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 775.
  32. ↑ "Henry Adoniram Swift". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  33. ↑ "Henry Adoniram Swift". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  34. ↑ "Governors, 1849-Present". Minnesota Legislative Reference Library. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  35. ↑ Cong. Globe, 38th Cong., special sess. 1564 (1863)
  36. ↑ "Ex-Governor Ramsey". Winona Daily Republican. July 7, 1863.
  37. ↑ "Swift, Henry Adoniram "H.A."". Minnesota Legislature. Archived from the original on December 8, 2025. Retrieved August 15, 2026.
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Kallenbach 1977, pp. 312–314.
  39. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 775–776.
  40. ↑ "Stephen Miller". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  41. ↑ "Stephen Miller". MNopedia. Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  42. 1 2 Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1864 sess. p. 22.
  43. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 776–777.
  44. ↑ "William Rainey Marshall". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  45. ↑ "William Rainey Marshall". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  46. 1 2 Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1866 sess. p. 16.
  47. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 777.
  48. ↑ "Horace Austin". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  49. ↑ "Horace Austin". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  50. 1 2 Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1870 sess. p. 19.
  51. ↑ "THE STATE CONVENTION". July 17, 1873.
  52. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 778.
  53. ↑ "Cushman Kellogg Davis". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  54. ↑ "Cushman Kellogg Davis". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  55. 1 2 "Legislature". Star Tribune. January 10, 1874. p. 4. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  56. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 778–779.
  57. ↑ "John Sargent Pillsbury". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  58. ↑ "John Sargent Pillsbury". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  59. 1 2 Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1876 sess. p. 24.
  60. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 779–780.
  61. ↑ "Lucius Frederick Hubbard". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  62. ↑ "Lucius Frederick Hubbard". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  63. 1 2 "Pillsbury-Hubbard". The Saint Paul Globe. January 10, 1882. p. 2. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  64. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 780–781.
  65. ↑ "Andrew Ryan McGill". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  66. ↑ "Andrew Ryan McGill". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  67. 1 2 "The Ins and Outs – Gov. Hubbard Retires From the Governorship and McGill Takes Possession". The Saint Paul Globe. January 6, 1887. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  68. ↑ "William R. Merriam Nominated for Governor at End of Day's Balloting". St. Paul Pioneer Press. September 7, 1888. Retrieved August 15, 2026.
  69. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 781.
  70. ↑ "William Rush Merriam". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  71. ↑ "William Rush Merriam". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  72. 1 2 "Two Governors". The Saint Paul Globe. January 10, 1889. p. 6. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  73. 1 2 3 Sobel 1978, p. 782.
  74. ↑ "Knute Nelson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  75. ↑ "Knute Nelson". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  76. 1 2 "King Knute". Minneapolis Daily Times. January 5, 1893. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  77. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 782–783.
  78. ↑ "David Marston Clough". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  79. ↑ "David Marston Clough". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  80. ↑ "Clough is now Governor". The Minneapolis Journal. January 31, 1895. p. 10. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  81. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 783–784.
  82. ↑ "John Lind". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  83. ↑ "John Lind". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  84. 1 2 "Lind Is Sworn In". Minneapolis Daily Times. January 3, 1899. p. 6. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  85. ↑ Glashan 1979, p. 160.
  86. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 784.
  87. ↑ "Samuel Rinnah Van Sant". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  88. ↑ "Samuel Rinnah Van Sant". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  89. 1 2 "Van Sant Sworn In". Star Tribune. January 8, 1901. p. 4. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  90. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 785.
  91. ↑ "John Albert Johnson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  92. ↑ "John Albert Johnson". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  93. 1 2 "John A. Johnson Made Governor of Minnesota". Star Tribune. January 5, 1905. p. 8. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  94. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 785–786.
  95. ↑ "Adolph Olson Eberhart". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  96. ↑ "Adolph Olson Eberhart". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  97. 1 2 "Governor Eberhart Proclaims Thursday As Day of Mourning Throughout the State". Star Tribune. September 22, 1909. p. 2. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  98. ↑ "The Legislative Manual of the State of Minnesota Compiled for the Legislature of 1915" (PDF). p. 185. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  99. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 786.
  100. ↑ "Winfield Scott Hammond". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  101. ↑ "Winfield Scott Hammond". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  102. 1 2 "Hammond Plans Development of Idle State Land". The Pioneer. January 7, 1915. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  103. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 786–787.
  104. ↑ "Joseph Alfred Arner Burnquist". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  105. ↑ "Joseph Alfred Arner Burnquist". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  106. 1 2 "Burnquist Is Sworn In as New Governor". Star Tribune. December 31, 1915. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  107. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 787–788.
  108. ↑ "Jacob Aall Ottesen Preus". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  109. ↑ "Jacob Aall Ottesen Preus". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  110. 1 2 Akerson, George E. (January 6, 1921). "Preus Outlines State Fight on Townleyism". Star Tribune. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  111. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 788–789.
  112. ↑ "Theodore Christianson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  113. ↑ "Theodore Christianson". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  114. 1 2 "New Governor Taking Oath of Office". The Minneapolis Star. January 7, 1925. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  115. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 789.
  116. ↑ "Floyd Bjornstjerne Olson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  117. ↑ "Floyd B. Olson". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  118. 1 2 "Olson Takes Oath, Delivers Address". Star Tribune. January 8, 1931. p. 6. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  119. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 789–790.
  120. ↑ "Hjalmar Petersen". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  121. ↑ "Hjalmar Petersen". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  122. 1 2 Burket, Jack (August 23, 1936). "Governor Olson Dies - Loses His Long Fight Against Stomach Cancer". Star Tribune. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  123. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 790–791.
  124. ↑ "Elmer Austin Benson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  125. ↑ "Elmer Austin Benson". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  126. 1 2 "Benson Takes Over Reins as Governor of Minnesota". The Minneapolis Star. January 4, 1937. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  127. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 791.
  128. ↑ "Harold Edward Stassen". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  129. ↑ "Harold Edward Stassen". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  130. 1 2 "New 'First Family' at Ceremony". The Minneapolis Star. January 3, 1939. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  131. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 792.
  132. ↑ "Edward John Thye". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  133. ↑ "Edward John Thye". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  134. 1 2 Halloran, M. W. (April 27, 1943). "Ed Thye Becomes State's First Farmer-Governor As Stassen Starts Navy Duty". The Minneapolis Star. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  135. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 792–793.
  136. ↑ "Luther Wallace Youngdahl". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  137. ↑ "Luther Wallace Youngdahl". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  138. 1 2 Halloran, M. W. (January 8, 1947). "Youngdahl Asks State Luxury Levy". The Minneapolis Star. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  139. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 793.
  140. ↑ "Clyde Elmer Anderson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  141. ↑ "C. Elmer Anderson". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  142. 1 2 "C. Elmer Anderson Takes Oath As 28th Governor". The Winona Daily News. Associated Press. September 27, 1951. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  143. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 794.
  144. ↑ "Orville Lothrop Freeman". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  145. ↑ "Orville L. Freeman". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  146. 1 2 Mitchell, Wallace (January 5, 1955). "Freeman Sworn In, Urges Teamwork, Public Support". The Minneapolis Star. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  147. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 794–795.
  148. ↑ "Elmer Lee Andersen". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  149. ↑ "Elmer Lee Andersen". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  150. 1 2 "Andersen Vows to Set 'Partisanship' Aside". St. Cloud Times. Associated Press. January 4, 1961. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  151. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 795–796.
  152. ↑ "Karl Fritjof Rolvaag". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  153. ↑ "Karl F. Rolvaag". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  154. 1 2 "Rolvaag Takes Oath As 31st Governor". The Minneapolis Star. March 25, 1963. p. 1A. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  155. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 796.
  156. ↑ "Harold LeVander". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  157. ↑ "Harold P. LeVander". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  158. 1 2 Mona, Dave (January 3, 1967). "LeVander Takes Governor's Oath". Star Tribune. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  159. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 796–797.
  160. ↑ "Wendell Richard Anderson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  161. ↑ "Wendell R. Anderson". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  162. 1 2 Talle, Jim (January 4, 1971). "Anderson Becomes Governor of State". The Minneapolis Star. p. 4. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  163. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 797.
  164. 1 2 "Rudolph George Perpich". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  165. 1 2 3 4 "Rudy G. Perpich". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  166. 1 2 "Takes Office". The Winona Daily News. Associated Press. December 30, 1976. p. 3. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  167. ↑ "Albert Harold Quie". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  168. 1 2 "Albert H. Quie". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  169. 1 2 "New Administration Receives Oath at Capitol". Star Tribune. January 2, 1979. p. 2B. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  170. 1 2 Sturdevant, Lori (January 4, 1983). "Perpich Takes Oath in Hibbing". Star Tribune. p. 1A. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  171. ↑ "Arne Helge Carlson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  172. 1 2 "Arne H. Carlson". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  173. 1 2 Wilson, Betty (January 8, 1991). "37th Governor Sworn In at Capitol". Star Tribune. p. 1A. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  174. ↑ "Jesse Ventura". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  175. 1 2 "Jesse Ventura". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  176. 1 2 Whereatt, Robert; deFiebre, Conrad (January 5, 1999). "With Expected Flair, the Unexpected Governor Promises Honesty and a Pledge To Do His Best". Star Tribune. p. A1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  177. ↑ "Reform Party separates from national party, reclaims Independence Party label". The Winona Daily News. AP. March 5, 2000. p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2023.
  178. ↑ "Tim Pawlenty". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  179. 1 2 "Tim J. Pawlenty". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  180. 1 2 Smith, Dane (January 7, 2003). "Saluting State's Spirit, Pawlenty Takes Helm". Star Tribune. p. A1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  181. ↑ "Mark Dayton". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  182. 1 2 "Mark B. Dayton". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  183. 1 2 Sommerhauser, Mark (January 4, 2011). "Challenges Await New Governor". St. Cloud Times. p. 1A. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  184. 1 2 "Tim Walz". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  185. 1 2 Salisbury, Bill (January 8, 2019). "Tim Walz Sworn In As MN Governor; Inaugural Speech Calls for Unity". Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  186. ↑ Bakst, Brian (January 2, 2023). "In 2nd inaugural, Walz vows end to 'era of gridlock'". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
  187. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kallenbach 1977, p. 314.
  188. ↑ Thorpe 1909, p. 2003.
  189. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota Senate, 1862 sess. p. 17.
  190. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1868 sess. p. 21.
  191. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Kallenbach 1977, p. 315.
  192. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1872 sess. p. 20.
  193. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. "Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1878 sess". p. 24.
  194. ↑ "Inauguration Day". The Saint Paul Globe. January 11, 1880. p. 1.
  195. ↑ "His Second Term". The Saint Paul Globe. January 8, 1884. p. 1.
  196. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kallenbach 1977, p. 316.
  197. ↑ "The State Officers". The Minneapolis Star Tribune. January 6, 1891. p. 1.
  198. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1895 sess. p. 11.
  199. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1897 sess. p. 14.
  200. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1903 sess. p. 14.
  201. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kallenbach 1977, p. 317.
  202. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1907 sess. p. 23.
  203. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1909 sess. p. 19.
  204. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1911 sess. p. 14.
  205. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1913 sess. p. 41.
  206. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1917 sess. p. 20.
  207. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kallenbach 1977, p. 318.
  208. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1919 sess. p. 43.
  209. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1923 sess. p. 36.
  210. ↑ "Christianson Puts O.K. on Crime Report in Inaugural". Minneapolis Star Tribune. January 5, 1927. p. 1.
  211. ↑ "Gov. Christianson Is Inaugurated for Third Term". Brainerd Dispatch. January 9, 1929. p. 1.
  212. ↑ "Governor Advances Program". January 4, 1933. p. 1.
  213. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kallenbach 1977, p. 319.
  214. ↑ "Olson Starts Third Term as State Leader". January 9, 1935. p. 1.
  215. ↑ "Stassen Calls on Solons to Push Defense". The Minneapolis Star. January 8, 1941. p. 1.
  216. ↑ "Stassen to Talk Today". The Duluth News Tribune. January 6, 1943. p. 1.
  217. ↑ "Gov. Ed J. Thye Takes Office Today and Urges Strong Post-War Plan". Brainerd Dispatch. January 3, 1945. p. 1.
  218. ↑ "Youngdahl Takes Oath As Governor". Brainerd Dispatch. January 6, 1949. p. 1.
  219. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kallenbach 1977, p. 320.
  220. ↑ "Youngdahl Stresses Welfare". The Minneapolis Star. January 3, 1951. p. 1.
  221. ↑ "Anderson Sworn in as Governor". The Austin Daily Herald. January 7, 1953. p. 1.
  222. ↑ "Freeman Asks School Aid Hike, Overhaul of State Tax System". The Minneapolis Star. January 9, 1957. p. 1.
  223. ↑ "Freeman Gives 3rd Inaugural Address". The Globe. January 7, 1959. p. 1.
  224. ↑ Kallenbach 1977, p. 321.
  225. ↑ "Reception Mixed to Anderson Talk". The Duluth News Tribune. January 9, 1975. p. 1.
  226. ↑ "Governor, 1978". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  227. ↑ "Governor, 1982". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  228. ↑ "Governor, 1986". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  229. ↑ "Capitol New Year". St. Cloud Times. January 6, 1987. p. 1.
  230. ↑ "Governor, 1990". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  231. ↑ "Governor, 1994". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  232. ↑ "Carlson Begins His Second Term; Talks About Children and Change". The Globe. January 4, 1995. p. 3.
  233. ↑ "Governor, 1998". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  234. ↑ "Governor, 2002". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  235. ↑ "Governor, 2006". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  236. ↑ "Pawlenty Starts 2nd Term". The Pioneer. January 3, 2007. p. 1.
  237. ↑ "Governor, 2010". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  238. ↑ "Governor, 2014". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  239. ↑ "Dayton stresses education in second inaugural speech". MPRNews. January 5, 2015.
  240. ↑ "Governor, 2018". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  241. ↑ "Governor, 2022". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  242. ↑ "In 2nd inaugural, Walz vows end to 'era of gridlock'". MPRNews. January 2, 2023.

Bibliography