↑D'Assis Fonseca, E. C. M (1968). Diptera Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata: Muscidae. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. Vol.10. London: Royal Entomological Society of London. p.118.
↑Gregor, F.; Rozkosny, R.; Bartak, M.; Vanhara, J. (2002). The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe. Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis. Vol.107. Masaryk: Masaryk University. p.280.